Can someone please help me understand this Israel stuff?, page 2

Nope, nope and nope.
The myth that a historical aggression has always been there between Muslims and Jews is totally incorrect.
When the Muslims left Spain, the Jews left with them. There has ALWAYS been Jewish communities in Palestine, and they were treated with the utmost respect relative to the way they were treated around the world (persecuted and tortured).

The Muslims and Jews fought against the Crusaders, and they shared Palestine as usual.
Then there was the inception of Zionism in the early 1900s (and probably an ambition for it before that by a little while), which led to European Jews immigrating to Palestine. This was fast-tracked by the rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany.

Basically, if you want to look over records and everything by law and common sense, which I strongly recommend, you'll find a few major points which are the McMahon-Hussein Correspondance in which the British and the rest of the Allies promised the Arabs the right of self-determination and independence if they rose against the Ottoman Empire that ruled over the Arab lands (including Palestine).

The Arabs agreed, hence the Great Arab Revolt which led to the fall of the Ottoman Empire. But the British and French backstabbed the Arabs with the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement which was revealed years later to the world, where they agreed to go back on their first agreement, and not allow the Arabs complete independence.

Then there was the Balfour Declaration of 1917 in which the British promised the Jews a homeland in Palestine; if and ONLY if they do not discriminate against the rights of the Arabs.

I know you might get bored of this, so here's a video to explain things in a nutshell:

YouTube Link

You'll find out some of the Jews took up arms, and formed terrorist organisations in which they committed massacres against the Palestinian Arabs.
And even though I'm a staunch supporter of Palestine, I won't lie and tell you that the Arabs did not commit massacres as well.

Massacres in Palestine by both sides

Basically, after the horrible (words cannot describe it) massacre of millions of Jews in Europe by the Nazis, Europe and the US felt that they failed them (rightfully so), and wanted to make it up to them. Hence one of the reasons why they aggressively supported the formation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

And to everyone who keeps mentioning how the Arabs and Iran keep threatening Israel and how Israel is doing nothing, then you're all very wrong.
The Partition of Palestine by the UN was completely unfair to the Palestinian Arabs. They consisted of 2/3 of the population, and with ACTUAL documentation supporting their claims, the Palestinian Arabs owned a whopping 97% of the land right before the partition.

But the partition decided that the Jewish state should be given more than half of the land, (and some people claim; although I haven't found any proof of it, that they were given the most fertile land), and the Palestinian Arabs who pretty much owned the entire land, were given less than half of it.
So let's make this a bit relative.

A bunch of robbers walk into a bank, set up shop, and lock all the doors. Police forces surround the bank, but can't actually get in. The robbers decide they will only allow the hostages to live, if they were given more than half of the money in the bank, and the police agree to it. And ever since then, the customers of that bank get really angry and rightfully so, and attack the robbers to get what is rightfully theirs by law.

The bank is Palestine, the robbers are the Zionists, the police are the UN, and the customers are the Palestinians. And the robbery and occupation has been going on ever since, aggressively supported by the US (3 billion of foreign aid every year) and Europe.

I can't really explain everything in such a short post, if I could this issue would've been resolved by now. There is so much to it, it can take up weeks to get a firm understanding of what happened, what is happening, and the road to peace which everyone should be thinking of.