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Originally posted by karby
Duzey, for many young black girls, this is too true.
Kerry and Black America
After the Civil War and the abolition of slavery, America had an opportunity to atone for the racial injustices of its past. For a while, things seemed to be on the right track. During Reconstruction the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed along with a series of constitutional amendments designed to guarantee blacks equal rights under the law. Some of the South's first public schools were built during this time. Blacks made unprecedented gains in employment. Hiram Revels became the first black member of the U.S. Senate.
However, as blacks made gains, the white majority became more and more nervous. That nervousness eventually culminated in a full-fledged backlash against racial progress. This period is often referred to as the "nadir" of American race relations. Southerners called it the "Redemption." Membership in the Ku Klux Klan soared to over 3 million at one point. The courts began to chip away at the foundation of civil rights with decisions such as Plessy v. Ferguson. Blacks in the South were forced to work as sharecroppers, making them anchored to the land with little or no prospects for social mobility. Blacks in the North were excluded from the new industrial economy and labor unions. Within a few short years white supremacy had been restored in both the North and the South. The white backlash turned back the clock on almost all the gains made by blacks during Reconstruction.
A similar backlash befell the country after the civil rights era. After years of black insurgency, the movement won the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Affirmative Action was never developed as a coherent policy. It evolved through a series of executive orders, administrative decisions, and court rulings. At a time when many in the movement were talking about a revolution and radically redistributing wealth and power in the country, affirmative action was seen as a very moderate and reformist policy. The fact that it is now seen as such a controversial issue indicates how successful the white backlash and the right-wing's exploitation of it has been. As it was after the first backlash, the courts have been chipping away at the gains made by the civil rights movement. The focus and blame for racial inequality has shifted from white racism to blacks themselves. We have even seen a return of the pseudo-scientific racism that inspired the eugenics movement with the publication and subsequent success of The Bell Curve.
Whites identify with race, study says
Gerteis said there has been a historic reduction in racism, but society has yet to completely rid institutions of its effects.
"(U.S. society has) done a good job of realizing that personal discrimination is a bad thing, but whites still don't seem able to see or understand the institutional or systemic side of racism," Gerteis said.
Paul Croll, sociology graduate student and co-author, said he's excited about the study because it will help people think about race and white advantage in new ways.
"A lot of people hear the topic of race and shut down," Croll said. "They don't understand that just because they're not personally racist, doesn't mean that they're not part of a racial system."
Many of the white people surveyed said that because every race is equal, people get ahead in life based on their own abilities and effort, Gerteis said.
'Crash' and the Self-Indulgence of White America
The first step in putting white people back on the hook is pressing the case that the United States in 2006 is a white-supremacist society. Even with the elimination of formal apartheid and the lessening of the worst of the overt racism of the past, the term is still appropriate, in ideological and material terms.
[...]
Today, polite white folks renounce such claims of superiority. But scratch below that surface politeness and the multicultural rhetoric of most white people, and one finds that the assumptions about the superiority of the art, music, culture, politics, and philosophy rooted in white Europe are still very much alive. No poll can document these kinds of covert opinions, but one hears it in the angry and defensive reaction of white America when non-white people dare to point out that whites have unearned privilege. Watch the resistance from white America when any serious attempt is made to modify school or college curricula to reflect knowledge from other areas and peoples.The ideology of white supremacy is all around.
That ideology also helps white Americans ignore and/or rationalize the racialized disparities in the distribution of resources. Studies continue to demonstrate how, on average, whites are more likely than members of racial/ethnic minorities to be on top on measures of wealth and well-being. Looking specifically at the gap between white and black America, on some measures black Americans have fallen further behind white Americans during the so-called post-civil rights era. For example, the typical black family had 60 percent as much income as a white family in 1968, but only 58 percent as much in 2002. On those measures where there has been progress, closing the gap between black and white is decades, or centuries, away.
Originally posted by semperfortis
I apparently unknowingly posted some extremely controversial material here and I am deeply sorry if I offended anyone.
originally posted by ceci2006
jsobecky,
Shame on you for bringing up comments that have been addressed in the past.
I only asked if what was said constitutes a personal attack. I wanted the mods to give me an answer so I can work with them in preventing personal attacks in the future by following their rules of what they felt might be a personal attack. Their definition is very vague.
originally posted by ceci2006
Why do Whites don't want to deal with the more problematic issues of race? Do they just skate right over them and ignore them? Or do they want to create their own concocted notions about what isn't racism and try (through the infiltration of the dominant culture) make a certain society believe them to get off the hook from believing the past harms done to people of color?
Or do they have something in their biological make-up that makes them ignore the things that people of color have been trying to tell them?
originally posted by ceci2006
And by all due respect, jsobecky's assessment about reparations misses one important point:
1)What happened during Jim Crow, the Civil Rights Era and the modern era (Rep. John Lewis getting a concussion from a beating from a cop, "Bloody Sunday" in Selma, the Church bombing that killed four little girls, Hurricane Katrina) is still fresh in a lot of people's memories.
Well, not a white male's memory, but for the rest of us.
I will also assume from your lack of answers regarding my 12 points, that you fully endorse what has been listed. That, I find very sad and horrible. But until you make yourself clear on this end as well, it is assumed in the affirmative.
Semiotics of Ideal Beauty
In her book,Things of Darkness: Economies of Race and Gender in Early Modern England, Kim Hall studies the concepts of blackness and colonialism, and the construction of race in England of the seventeenth century. By examining the juxtaposition of black and white images in literature, poetry and art, she highlights a provocative historical and symbolical theme. For example, the painting "Louise Renée de Kéroüalle, Duchess of Portsmouth Sitting with a Black Servant at her Lap" is not untypical of portrait art in showing an upper class white woman with one or more black servants who are often depicted holding out pearls, coral, or other valuables to their mistresses. Both the servants and their offerings come from Africa and they are all signs in the social construction that would have marked the women as fair and beautiful.
There were only a handful of African men in England at this time, so to be able to advertise such a person as an employee was to demonstrate membership of an elite and powerful group. Then, as a matter of artistic composition, the contrast of black and white complexions was used to enhance the luminous quality of the pale skin, while also reinforcing the ideal of beauty as being ‘fair’ skinned. The offered tokens are not only valuable in monetary terms but, when worn next to the skin, pearls and corals are enhancements to pale beauty and, when ground to a powder, they were the base of whitening cosmetics. The style and design of the clothing, the furniture and other objects included in each composition would also enable contemporary viewers to calibrate precisely the degree of wealth and the social status of those portrayed. It should be remembered that women at this time were little more than possessions, unable to own any property and without any of their modern rights. So, this depiction is also an objectification in that it speaks of the status of the husband who demonstrates the richness of his wife and other assets in this artistic context.
To modern eyes, such art may also be premised on white supremacism in general and on the specific gender superiority of white women over black men. There is doubt as to whether such a racialisation is justified. The early history of black experience in England shows examples of both respect and abuse — two sides of the coin of exploitation when people with skills were employed as servants by members of the upper class hierarchy. While these paintings were certainly presenting an idealised image of female beauty as it was understood at the time among the English aristocracy (which happened to be exclusively white), it is not so clear that the representation of black men in this context was anything other than as one more sign in the set of signs necessary to demonstrate ultimate wealth.
The Stirring of Sleeping Beauty
In American universities, beauty has been in exile. Despite its centrality in human experience, the concept of beauty has virtually disappeared from scholarly discourse. Oddly enough, the banishment has been most complete in the humanities, home of literature, music, and art. Criticized as an elitist concept, an ethnocentric creation of white European males, beauty has been stigmatized as sexist, racist, and unfair. Attention to beauty, some say, may distract us from the world's injustices, and rapt enchantment with beautiful objects or persons may even harm that which we gaze upon. Current analytic approaches such as semiotics, deconstruction, and cultural studies have eclipsed the study of beauty, and not only at elite institutions like Harvard. "If I were to say, in any of my upper-division literature courses, that I found a particular poem beautiful or emotionally moving, I would be met with rolling eyes and unchecked laughter," a student at Southern Utah University complained on the Internet. "Those are things we don't say in academe."
On the Color Caste, or; Are You Light Enough in Here?
In most circles, internalized racism is known solely as self-hatred. But this is a very amorphous term, self-hatred. In reality, the politics of race, gender, and class are understood to be much more complex. A lot of black people do wonderful things for the community, mentor young blacks, live "upstanding" lives, but still unconsciously uphold white supremacist ideals. This is most prevalent in the realm of aesthetic beauty. We as black people, far more than white folks it would seem, have bought into white supremacist beauty standards. And it is such a widespread phenomena that entire industries base their decisions on how much we devalue black beauty.
What this means is that black folks who have Eurocentric features are far more likely to be successful, both in the larger culture and the black community, than those who's features are coded as "African" or "ethnic".
The success of Beyonce is a well-known testament to this fact. Matthew Knowles studied well from the Berry Gordy school of economics. Destiny's Child was created so that any of the four (then, three) girls could be a little girl's favorite. This is why all the girls' hair color, especially in the beginning, was different. But Matthew Knowles knew that Beyonce, as the lightest, would be the most "captivating" girl -- simply because she was lightest. So she was made the front-woman. And she was lightened in magazines and given blonde hair.
Originally posted by semperfortis
HH,
Not arguing, at least not intending to. I on occasion, insert some humor, Lord knows this has been stressful enough.
You are making a blanket statement based on personal observations and presenting it as a fact.
So according to your assertion, I must therefor be affected as well.
Originally posted by HarlemHottie
As for 'recrimination,' the only recrimination going on around this topic applies to the whites who cry reverse-discrimination.
Indicating that reverse racism does not exist or at least should not be brought up as a point?
The slogan at the top of the first link, adversity.net, is "Reparations, Retribution, Recrimination, Revenge." That's obviously wrong because 'retribution' and 'revenge' would be to enslave all white people. As for 'recrimination,' the only recrimination going on around this topic applies to the whites who cry reverse-discrimination.
recrimination \rih-krim-uh-NAY-shuhn\, noun:
1. The act of returning one charge or accusation with another.
2. An accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter accusation.
www.dictionary.com
Specific instances or racial behavior can be quoted back to the Jewish enslavement by the Egyptians, how is this conducive to any conversation or the possibility of understanding.
My comment is directed at the intense subject matter and EVERYONE'S propensity of inflaming and then not expecting to be inflamed.
It is a common thread here, that instead of discussing RACISM, we are discussing Black History.
Originally posted by HarlemHottie
You seem to be chastising me for comments I never made. When you originally asked the question, I answered it.
Originally posted by HarlemHottie
The only time I ever hear about reverse discrimination is when someone brings up the regular kind.
Originally posted by semperfortis
Is this your comment? I assumed it was as it was in your post.
It is actually begining to be studied far more extensively and if you go to the links provided, you can gain an understanding of the problems and social impacts involved.
Originally posted by HarlemHottie
twist my words
Originally posted by semperfortis
My understanding of what you have posted, is by no means a perfect process. If I have misunderstood, correct my misunderstanding and leave the quips in the past posts please.
Your use of little gibes like this that you and others have thrown around the thread as of it's beginning are irrelevant and counter productive to a conversation.
Originally posted by ceci2006
...can't treat us like equal individuals, yet we take the time to address them in the same manner...
All I can say is that for those who try to preach "equality", they do themselves a detriment by twisting another's words to suit their agenda... used to switch to a new topic while ignoring the original question asked.
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When true scholars do their work, they just can't "apologize" their way out of a bad source. They used the source and they have to account for it, or suffer the indignity of tainting their study in totality.