The Ancient Maya and their origins

The Ancient Maya and their origins

The Maya were a civilization that devoted much of their time to the worship and study of the cosmos and celestial bodies. A belief in astronomy and cosmology dominated their culture, religion and their every day lives in ways that we are only beginning to understand.

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The Maya lived their lives by a very complex calendar that was based upon the movements of the stars and planets, and while many of their beliefs and practices may appear to be nothing but superstition, it seems evident that their calendar was based upon real events and real movements in the sky that do in fact have an effect on the Earth. I would like us to take a look at Mayan cosmology, the Mayan calendar and Mayan mythology and attempt to get an informed perspective on whether the ideas contained within them do in fact have some truth to them, whether they are simply myths, superstitious beliefs or whether they actually contain Cosmic knowledge that has been handed down from a previous civilization that existed long before the Maya.

In Mayan society a belief in astronomy and in the importance of the movements of celestial bodies was utterly essential to their culture and to how they conducted their everyday lives, and while some of their practices can certainly fall under the “superstition” banner some of their beliefs and practices can not be easily rejected and definitely had a profound effect on their lives. The Maya universe “was governed by a logical order that transcended the European distinction between the natural and supernatural realms. An invisible sacred quality (k’uh) inhabited all things in the universe – rocks, trees, humans and all living beings – and deities took animal-like (zoomorphic) or human-like (anthropomorphic) form ”. The Maya identified the sun, moon, stars, lightning and rain with certain deities and “saw their world as an ordered place, controlled by an array” of these deities and they believed that “misfortune and unpredictable events – disease, droughts, earthquakes and other disasters – were thus explained by as the actions of vengeful deities expressing their displeasure with human failings ”. Because of this belief practices such as that of human sacrifice were dominant in Mayan culture with the purpose of making offerings and sacrifices to the sun god or deity to keep that deity happy as to make sure that the sun would rise the following morning. While it seems evident that this practice was cruel and based around silly superstition it certainly shows how seriously the Maya took the movements of the celestial bodies and their natural cycles.

These celestial bodies also governed Maya agriculture as they used their calendar to know the positions of the sun, moon and planets and thus plant their crops according to the position of these bodies. Planting and harvesting of their crops coincided with carefully mapped cycles of the sun, moon and planets and this helped them yield the largest crop possible. So while it is possible to disregard some Maya practices such as human sacrifice, other practices such as planting crops based on the position of the celestial bodies cannot be disregarded for these are the very same cosmic laws that farmers use today when planting and harvesting their crops.

The Maya (as with most indigenous cultures) did not see time as being linear but as a series of cycles and their complex calendar reflected this. Their calendar contains over seventeen cycles that are based upon the “movements of celestial deities such as the sun, the moon and the planet Venus ” and these cycles were recorded with a startling amount of accuracy. Every cycle would repeat itself “so that any given day is in certain respects the ‘same’ as some other day at some other time ” and this is where the supernatural elements of their belief structure would come into play. As they had certain esoteric associations with particular dates in certain cycle’s wars, sacrifices and many other rituals would take place on days that correspond with a relative date from a previous cycle so that “each passing cycle bought with it the possibility of repeated destiny ”. The Maya believed that time repeated itself in cycles and they put much emphasis on this in the use of their calendar in the construction of their history and belief system.

The famous Maya text the Popol Vuh states that the world has been destroyed three times by three great cataclysms and that the current world is the fourth world, thus their calendar begins at the end of the last world (13.0.0.0.0 4 Ajaw 8 Kumk’u) in 3114 BC and ends at the completion of the next cycle which is on December 21st 2012. The start date of the Mayan calendar is a topic of debate as it begins far earlier than when most archeologists accept that Mayan civilization began. This leads one to speculate that their calendar was originally of Olmec origin, as most archeologists agree that it was the Olmecs who had the first civilization in Central America around 1500 BC.
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(olmec head)
“Heaths and stone implements ” found in “Tlapacoya ” in Mexico “dated to perhaps 24, 000 years” show that there were people in the area long before the arrival of the Maya, and it could have possibly been these very people that were mapping out the stars long ago. Bishop Diego de Landa wrote in 1566 that “in his time The Mayas reckoned their calendar from a date which was about 3113 B.C in European chronology. They claimed that 5,125 years had passed before this date in former cycles. This would move the origin of the early Mayas to 8238 B.C ”. If we were to take the Bishops version of events as the truth we would understand that perhaps the Olmec and The Maya civilizations had their origins a great deal earlier than when most archeologists accept. Perhaps this is why their calendar was so detailed, precise and would make up for how it could possibly span such long periods of time. Is it possible then that the origins of the Mayan calendar date back to an age even before the Olmecs?

The Mayan calendar maps out cycles of time that extend far beyond our current accepted version of written history. In fact the Mayan calendar maps out cycles that take 52,000 to complete with pinpoint accuracy. One of the Mayan cycles of time mapped out a cycle that took 26,000 to complete and “is the calendar to indicate when the Earth Mother is going to make the big changes. Because, this land many times it was underwater. And this is going to happen again, because that is part of the natural cycle of the universe ” according to some Mayan priests. Many suppose that the end of the Mayan calendar is a prediction that the world will end. While this may seem ludicrous to most western scholars, the fact is that the Mayan calendar maps out cycles that are so long that they go far beyond our written history and are based on real celestial events.

“Astronomers know that in the late morning of December 21, 2012 the ecliptic (the Sun’s apparent path across the sky) will intersect with the galactic ecliptic (the projection of the Milky Way’s disc on the sky) to place the Sun at the very centre, in the crosshairs between the solar path and that of our galaxy, when the sun is one degree above the horizon at the equator (73 degrees West) ”. So the Sun moves “into the ecliptic crosshairs only once every 26, 000 years ” yet the “winter solstice sunrise of 2012 takes place only once in the whole history of the universe” and the Maya were aware of this. What is peculiar is that modern scientists did not even discover the whereabouts of the galactic centre until 1963 ”. “The region of the Milky Way that the solstice sun will unite with contains not only the nuclear bulge of the Galactic Centre (which, by the way is visible to the human eye) but also a ‘dark rift’ feature caused by interstellar dust. The modern Maya call this dark rift or Great Cleft the xibalba be- the Road to the Underworld. This feature is the key to understanding the rebirth metaphor of the 2012 end-date, for it was also conceived, in Maya symbolism, as the birth canal of the Great mother (the Milky Way) ”.

This astronomical event does not mean that the world will end in the year 2012. If we follow Mayan legend we can assume that there were cataclysmic natural events in the past that may have happened during certain celestial alignments that have influenced their view of the future. If we look carefully at the history of the planet we can see that “13, 000 years ago (or halfway through the Mayan 26, 000 year cycle) the polar ice caps began to melt and the ocean levels rose dramatically during the next 2000 years which drastically shrank the coasts of most countries and covered many land masses with water ”. This coincides with many legends “about a lost continent that was destroyed by a great cataclysm” before the beginning of the last ice age. This “lost continent” has been argued by many to have existed in the Atlantic and could have possibly blocked the Gulf stream before it was allegedly destroyed, thus resulting in the warming of the oceans, the melting of the polar ice caps and the end of the last ice age.

If such a global cataclysm had indeed taken place it would make sense that they would have had to have started their civilization again from the very bottom, and rebuild, beginning in “caves until the new ground would have been suitable for agriculture ”. Some knowledge would have to have been kept sacred and passed on and it seems that the Mayan calendar is this knowledge. “The Chilam Balam of Yucatan asserts that the motherland of the Maya was swallowed up by the sea amid earthquakes and fiery eruptions in a very distant epoch ”. This along with the Mayan legends of the destruction of previous worlds leads one to believe that the Maya may have had their beginnings in the very distant past and that indeed they did inherit their calendar from this distant epoch.

If we look at the “wall of Bimini” that was discovered in 1968 we see huge stone blocks cut into perfect squares with near perfect right angles that weigh over two tonnes each and are sitting at the bottom of the ocean off the coast of Bimini. While this archeological find has sparked debate amongst archeologists as to whether the stones were naturally occurring or man-made, it seems evident by the sheer number of them, the fact that they are literally all the same size and are arranged into what looks like a wall that we are looking at the remnants of a man made construction that is now covered with 60 feet of water and is possibly over 12, 000 years old. If this is true it can help us understand the possible origins of the Maya and can also provide evidence that supports the Mayan legends of the destruction of previous worlds (they say specifically that the last world was destroyed by water).
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(Bimini road)

In the year 2000, off the coast of Cuba “Russian Oceanographer Paulina Zolitzsky discovered symmetrical stone structures deep below the water…over a half a mile down. Buildings of large stature with one stone placed on top of the other. Structures made with rectangular 90-degree angles over and over again on very large structures that seem to have wide avenues ”. The expedition found “huge stone blocks in Pyramid shapes, others more circular. Most were gigantic, reaching 16-feet in height and weighing several tones. Thirty geometric structures emerged, appearing to be the remains of streets, buildings, tunnels and pyramids, all at a depth of over 2200 hundred of feet of water. Using dating techniques based on the presence of nearby volcanic ash geologists concluded that the underwater city must have sank more than 6000 years ago ”.

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This evidence certainly suggests that there were indeed civilizations that were destroyed by a great deluge or cataclysm. If this is true, then it is possible to assume that the Maya were direct descendants of people from these very near by civilizations. This would explain how they could have inherited a calendar that mapped celestial bodies over vast time periods that go back far beyond the accepted beginnings of the Maya civilization. If we look at these findings and accept them to be true then we can assume that the Maya legends about the destruction of previous worlds are true and are not simply legends, as many would argue. In this light we can also assume that the Maya were not prophesying that the whole world will suddenly end in 2012, but that great Earth changes will occur that will destroy the current world we live in and make way for a new world (or age). We know now through modern astronomy that in December 2012 we are “moving out of the age of Pisces and into the age of Aquarius” so this is in fact true, yet it may not mean that natural disasters destroy the Earth but rather make way for a new consciousness to be born on Earth.

The Maya were indeed great watchers of the sky. They followed a calendar that mapped real celestial events that took place over many thousands of years with an incredible amount of accuracy. It seems evident that this calendar was not simply an esoteric calendar surrounded by superstition but was a very real documentation of the movements of the planets, moon and stars. Given it’s long time span and accurate measurements we can assess that this calendar was possibly inherited from a much older civilization that was able to map such long periods of time and may or may not have been the people that the ancient Maya were descended from. It does seem to be clear though that their Cosmic knowledge was inherited and that the great emphasis they placed on watching the movements of the celestial bodies was because in the past a great deluge had destroyed their ancestors, so in an attempt to prevent themselves from the same fate they worshipped the stars and lived their lives by their cycles.



Bibliography

Morton, Chris, The Mystery Of The Crystal Skulls, Harper Collins, 1997
James, N, Aztecs and Maya, Tempus Publishing, 2001
Tomas, Andrew, Atlantis: From Legend to Discovery, Robert Hale & Company, 1972
Aveni, F, Anthony, The Sky In Mayan Literature, Oxford University Press, 1992
Prufer, Keith, Stone Houses and Earth Lords: Maya religion in the Cave Context, University Press of Colorado, 2005
Pendergast, David, Andrews, Anthony (eds.). Reconstructing the Past: Studies in Mesoamerican and Central American Prehistory, John and Erica Hedges, 2006
Watanabe, John, Maya Saints and Souls in a Changing World, University of Texas Press, 1992
Rugeley, Terry, Maya Wars, University of Oklahoma Press, 2001
Joseph, Frank, Atlantis and 2012: The Science of The Lost Civilization, Oxford Press, 2009
Sharer, Robert, Traxler, Loa, The Ancient Maya, Stanford University Press, 2006

Additional links:
Tlapacoya
Ancient Maya
Bimini Road

Cheers, hope you enjoyed it!

Sir Slide

Note to Mods: It has posted itself twice, not sure how to alert you about this

There has been alot of knowledge that has been lost .
We do not give the ancients their due credit.

And about 13,000 years ago,something did happen to change the world.
And when that happened,our human race hit restart and started all over again.

Mark Bateman from the University of Sheffield in England said a catastrophic flood unleashed from a giant North American lake dumped large amounts of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean. This led to the shutting down of the Gulf Stream ocean circulation pattern that brings warmth to Europe.

www.reuters.com...

New scientific findings suggest that a large comet may have exploded over North America 12,900 years ago, explaining riddles that scientists have wrestled with for decades, including an abrupt cooling of much of the planet and the extinction of large mammals.

www.physorg.com...

The Younger Dryas occurred during the transition from the last glacial period into the present interglacial (the Holocene). During this time, the continental ice sheets were rapidly melting and adding freshwater to the North Atlantic. Figure 6 shows the reconstructed freshwater flux from the melting Laurentide ice sheet through the St. Lawrence River. Just prior to the Younger Dryas, meltwater fluxes into the North Atlantic increased dramatically. In addition, there was probably a short-lived period of particularly high freshwater flux about 13,000 years ago that is not shown in this figure, resulting from a large discharge of freshwater from a glacial lake in North America. Scientists have hypothesized that meltwater floods reduced the salinity and density of the surface ocean in the North Atlantic, causing a reduction in the ocean's thermohaline circulation and climate changes around the world. Eventually, as the meltwater flux abated, the thermohaline circulation strengthened again and climate recovered.

www.ncdc.noaa.gov...

So,this 13,000 year cycle maybe repeated and the ancients were trying to warn us and protect us
with there megolithic buildings.

Is it coming soon?

reply to post by kdog1982


Thanks for the response!

It does seem evident that this cycle is accurate to some degree. It is interesting because the Mayans were also aware of the roughly 26,000 year tilt in the earths axis, is it possible that when the tilt reverses after 13,000 years and moves back towards its original position, completing the 26,000 year tilt that major earth changes occur??

Does that make sense?

Yes,it does!
They knew of this,and the knowledge of it has been
passed from generation to generation,
but somehow we seem to ignore it.

Originally posted by sir_slide
Note to Mods: It has posted itself twice, not sure how to alert you about this

There is an alert button at the place where you flag it.
Choose which one you want to keep.
Hopefully this one.

The Mayans are definatly an interesting race. What little we do know about them, it's easy to see that they certainly had a pretty wild system of beliefs. I cant say wether most of their wisdom came from someones imagination at some point, but it does seem like they spent alot of time involved and a whole lot of thought on it. That's what makes them so interesting to me. I cant say I can 100% believe in their beliefs, but I have to give them credit for putting a well of knowledge, even though it was very strange knowledge, together. They are truely unlike any other culture in the world.

S&F!

reply to post by sir_slide


Hey Good Work Sir!

Lot of effors and lot of knowledge!

Thanks!

reply to post by theRhenn


Well what is interesting and what I'm trying to illustrate is that they had very accurate knowledge of celestial movements and were aware of the apparent effect these movements have on our planet. But furthermore they were aware of tilts in the earths axis that occur over vast periods of time, it would only be possible to attain this knowledge by witnessing these events. It seems very likely that their knowledge was given to them, based on what they were aware of and based on recent archeological evidence.

South American cultures have always interested me Olmec,Toltec,Aztec,Maya,Inca but despite their achievements in mathematics,astronomy,agriculture including massive irrigation and canal systems,architecture etc they all have a common denominator of human sacrifice.

I think that a lot of the information these ancient civilisations did have is never taken quite as serious as it should be for the same reason that things like the Bible aren't taken as serious by the modern secular world. Each of these older documents and clues left behind from thousands of years ago do contain a lot of useful information in them..

Unfortunately, I think there are 2 main reasons that a lot of this stuff gets far less credit than it should by those not part of the cultures that religiously follow them.

1. Those that follow these types of cultures are often viewed as too extreme and therefore are not able to be reasoned with. The worst part about this is that a lot of followers tracking ancient documentations such as the Mayan's or the Bible etc.. really do become unbalanced and it's difficult to teach an old dog new tricks.. so to speak.. As soon as logic goes out the door, credibility is lost.

2. Because no-one is still alive from these ancient times to 100 percent clarify the specific intended interpretation of their clues, documentation and history that they have left behind...it becomes a subjective media. As soon as something becomes subjective and up for interpretation based upon the individual's own experiences and understanding of it...it loses a lot of "Factual - Rock Solid" evidence to it's title for good reason as well.

I don't think that this means we should just completely ignore the information, or that it is somehow less valuable to us in the right context. But I do think that the findings should be subjected to a broader interpretation and as a collective of individuals, have those findings combined to produce the most commonly derrived findings as more credible and useful than those that only a smaller minority could agree on.

It's still not a foolproof way to analyse the data but it may bring us a bit closer to getting some more useful information from it that will help us to understand what this planet has already been through and perhaps give us a window into what we can expect in the future.

One thing that facinates me is how they managed to manuver such heavy blocks of stone and how they were able to even get that many cubes of stone in such similar sizes with reasonably flat faces on them etc..

If we were stranded out somewhere on our own without any modern day technology .. would we be able to produce the same things?

reply to post by JaxCavalera


Great contribution friend! Thanks for the response!

Fantastic summary of what we know about the amazing people known as the Mayans.

I really hope to at least see the dark rift next year at the very least.

Originally posted by anglodemonicmatrix
South American cultures have always interested me Olmec,Toltec,Aztec,Maya,Inca but despite their achievements in mathematics,astronomy,agriculture including massive irrigation and canal systems,architecture etc they all have a common denominator of human sacrifice.

in 1000-2000 years anthropologists and archaeologists will study our culture and civilizations, and link us with Mayan, Roman, European cultures that practiced human sacrifice. Our own records record and detail mass murders, ritual Capital killings, senseless invasions of sovereign Nations, the use of cluster bombs and phosphorous weapons on civilians, biological weapon use....and someone using their version of the internet will make the same observation; despite all our achievements, we sacrificed humans on a massive scale.

And political propaganda....they were masters of this human mind bending bondage. They and the Egyptians were just masters at turning public/royal structures into political poster boards. They backed this up with their priest....pulling stunts....having these charts they knew when there would be an eclipse and so the masses were bamboozled into many things.

Now folks these days warn about some getting ahold of certain knowlege and using it to put the world into bondage.....dumbing down....and then will point to these old cultures as if they represent some golden age of humanity. Well it was....the golden age of pulling the wool over the eyes.

reply to post by ariel bender


That's a really good point to bring up. It seems that people took the fundamental meaning of the elders teachings and misinterpreted them, have a read of the OP.

I am currently reading finger prints of the gods by Graham Handcock.
It has a lot of good info about the Myans and Olmecs. Whats more intresting though is how many cultures ( think 84 from memory) have almost identical stories of a great flood wiping out most of mankind at the end of a cycle, and then talk of a new begning.

reply to post by Logarock


I couldn't disagree more and I think you may have a jaded understanding of the topic at hand. It seems that you are making grand generalizations for the sake of it. Really appreciate the response friend, but you should take the time to elaborate on the point you were making, otherwise it appears to be poorly thought out. If you had have read my OP you would have been able to realize your point is a minor concern.

reply to post by wycky


The more research you do the more overwhelming it becomes. Thanks for the response!! Truly.

I don't think their calendrics are really a big deal. They may be more complex than the Aztecs or Inca, but that doesn't necessarily mean they knew everything about the world.

Sure, they noticed the movements of the planets in the sky in relation to the stars. We think of something like this to be so difficult, but it's really not, and was even easier 1000 years ago. It doesn't take the length of a dynasty to notice that some objects in the sky move and others do not. It only takes one person a few days to pick up on that. Give this man two years and he will notice that when he looks at the stars, some of them move in a path that takes them back to their starting point (an orbit), and some of them don't move at all. These are the differences between stars and planets from the naked eye here on Earth. This is possible to do now, even, but harder because of light pollution, air pollution, etc.

Only ONE Mayan source mentions the 13th baktun. When anrchaeologists in 1000 years look back on our data, they're going to say, "Wow. They have a lot of sources saying the world was going to end in 2000 A.D."