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The US Air Force, which runs Cheyenne Mountain, invited me here because it wants to show off its new computer system, the result of a $1.8 billion overhaul that may be the most expensive and nightmarish upgrade ever attempted. One general compared the process to changing the engines of a jet in flight. Another likened it to turning a black-and-white TV into a color one without switching the set off.
The upgrade was outrageously tough because Cheyenne Mountain was burdened with a formidable legacy problem. Its Systems Center, in charge of the complex's hardware, networks, and software, maintains more than 12 million lines of code on 34 separate systems written in 27 languages. The site's array of machines, many of which survived this upgrade, encapsulates a history not just of the Cold War but of modern computing. Bearing old nameplates from companies like Honeywell and Data General, hardware that uses the hoary technologies of core memory and magnetic tape is still whirring away in there.
"We've even got one of those washing-machine computers somewhere," says Dean.
Washing-machine computers?
"The ones with the big tape reels that look like washing machines."
The upgrade started more than two decades ago, mainly to address Cheyenne Mountain's inability to process the increasing amounts of information fed into it. Despite this system weakness, the mountain has kept us safe since its inception - and the official word is that this latest upgrade makes us that much safer. But today, safety seems slightly beside the point. The Cold War is over. Despite its brass and bustle, Cheyenne Mountain has become an anachronism.
As far back as 1980, the Pentagon's assumption was that all the bunkering-in here was for naught - that Norad couldn't last more than half an hour or so in a targeted nuclear exchange. Although the mountain is the ultimate monument to "command and control" as an idea, in a real nuclear war the action would quickly switch over to mobile hubs. The president has a 747 called the National Airborne Operations Center, as well as the Commander-in-Chief Mobile Alternate Headquarters, a fleet of mysterious truck-based units that roam the nation's interstates. The Air Force maintains the Post Attack Battle Management Aircraft - better known as "Looking Glass," a flying duplicate of the mountain's systems - fueled and ready to go at all times.
Commander-in-Chief Mobile Alternate Headquarters, a fleet of mysterious truck-based units that roam the nation's interstates
The E-4B serves as the National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC) for the National Command Authorities. In case of a national emergency or destruction of ground command control centers, the aircraft provides a modern, highly survivable, command, control and communications center to direct U.S. forces, execute emergency war orders and coordinate actions by civil authorities.
Background
The E-4B evolved from the E-4A, which had been in service since late-1974. The first B-model was delivered to the Air Force in January 1980, and by 1985 all aircraft were converted to E-4B standard. These aircraft are assigned to the 55th Wing, Offutt AFB, NE.
In August 1994, the E-4B assumed an additional role. With the approval of the JCS chairman, the E-4B will support the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) request for assistance when a natural disaster occurs. The E-4B would be tasked to fly the FEMA Emergency Response Team to the disaster site, and become the FEMA command and control center until the emergency team's own equipment and facilities can be set up. With E-4B support, the emergency team's response is a matter of hours, as opposed to days.
The CMAH Program Office is
responsible for management and support of the Mobile Consolidated Command
Center (MCCC) systems. These systems are configured as mobile survivable
back-up Command, Control, and Communications centers for fixed primary
facilities employed by Commanders- in-Chief(CINCs) of US Strategic Command
and US Space Command. The MCCC's mission is to provide an enduring mobile
command center from which to operate during the tran-and post-attack phases
of a nuclear attack agains the continental United States. The MCCC systems
consist of a series of EMP hardened shelters mounted on semi-trailers.
Depending on the site configuration, these shelters may be joined in pairs
to provide functional workspaces for the command element, war planning,
intelligence, and communications capabilities. An RF cable distribution
system provides the internal communications capability for voice (telephone
and radio), serial data, and Ehernet local area networks (LANs).
Communications systems include various land line connections, HF radio,
VHF/UHF radio, AFSATCOM, and MILSTAR terminals. Finally, a group of
trailers and vehicles support the system. These include supply trailers,
fuel and water tankers, HVAC systems, and Reverse Osmosis Water
Purification Units.
Originally posted by Zaphod58
And they didn't say it could be reopened in "20 minutes". They said it was in warm standby, and could be reactivated in "a matter of just a few hours."
[edit on 6/7/2007 by Zaphod58]
Originally posted by Zaphod58
Except that NORAD was only in charge of the initial response. That's what Looking Glass was for in the 80s, and NAOC is for now.
So that we have a mobile command post that's hard to take out. So you'd rather have Cheyenne Mountain, with it's 20+ year old systems that are starting to have problems running our response, just because it's harder to damage? Do you know how many times we almost had a nuclear attack launched because of those old computer systems in the 1980s? And that was when they were NEW. It's time to shut down and replace those systems, and the only way they can do that is to move the Mountain.
originally posted by Red Golem
Zaphod,
What you said in the post above is not completely correct. Yes Norad was built during the time what a massive missile attack was the threat. However Norad's purpose was air defence command. Meaning all air defence. For instance consider what the name stands for, North American Air Defence Command.
Zaphod58
Yes, Air Defense against a massive attack by nuclear missiles, or by waves of bombers. Who besides the Russians have bombers or missiles with enough range to even reach the US? Almost no one.
Originally posted by johnlear
Zaphod, I am particularly interested in the tag line "almost no one." Considering that you may know what other threat NORAD was created for (that is, other than nuclear missiles and waves of bombers) but you just haven't said it yet, I am going to give you a chance to redeem yourself.
So, since you didn't expressly say 'no one', who else might be out there other than 'nuclear missiles' and 'waves of bombers'?