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Scandium is found in small proportions in many of the heavy rare-earth ores of Scandinavia and elsewhere and in many tin and tungsten ores; it also occurs in the products of nuclear fission. The cosmic abundance of scandium is relatively high. Although it is only about the 50th most abundant element on Earth, it is about the 23rd most abundant element in the Sun.
Scandium is easily separated from the other rare earths by precipitation of the very insoluble potassium scandium sulfate or by extraction of scandium thiocyanate by diethyl ether. The metal itself was first prepared (1938) by the electrolysis of potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides in a eutectic mixture (i.e., a mixture having the lowest melting point possible with those components). Scandium is now produced on a small scale mostly as a by-product of uranium extraction from the ...
And now let’s discuss “spectra of earthlights”. Experience shows (The Brown Mountain Lights, website; Teodorani, 2004a; 2008a) that, in reality, such spectra do not represent at all the identity card of a plasma, as such spectra may change (presence or absence of certain lines) according to where the plasma is activated and to the temperature of the plasma itself at specific times. If it occurs in the sky we might expect simply excited atmospheric lines, whose intensity may vary according with the air density at a given time. Aerosol lines might be transiently present and sometimes not. If the plasma occurs close to the ground it might excite elements that are on the ground or over it, such as dust made of several chemical elements, such as silicon for instance, or it might trigger strange effects if other elements such as mould spores are present (Teodorani, 2004a), which might be more abundant in specific places than in others.
According to the few collected data so far in terms of optical spectroscopy the plasma itself doesn’t highlight specific chemical elements other than the surrounding ones that are transiently excited by its field of force (of which we do not well yet the nature, but on which we can so far venture work hypotheses). Earthlights are not at all like stars when we consider their “photosphere”: their spectrum may change all the time, and they may not offer relevant physical information on the intrinsic nature of the plasma, unless we analyze the specific shape of spectral lines. In particular, if spectral lines are split symmetrically we may suspect the presence, inside the plasma, of a more or less strong magnetic and/or electric field producing respectively Zeeman and Stark effects (Lang, 1998). This may be the physical information that can be really important if we want to build up some physics from the spectroscopic observation of earthlights such as the Hessdalen ones. If the plasma is spinning fast we might also find the signature of a rotational broadening effect of spectral lines (in case mixed up with a turbulence effect): this might be another signature of real physical importance that must
be considered in this research. In order to record such features of spectral lines we absolutely need that the spectrum is of sufficiently high resolution. On the contrary these features will not be visible and/or analyzable at all with sufficient accuracy.
In particular, if spectral lines are split symmetrically we may suspect the presence, inside the plasma, of a more or less strong magnetic and/or electric field producing respectively Zeeman and Stark effects (Lang, 1998). This may be the physical information that can be really important if we want to build up some physics from the spectroscopic observation of earthlights such as the Hessdalen ones.
Originally posted by LunaCognita
Electrostatic charging of lunar dust
www.lpi.usra.edu...
Effects of levitated dust on astronomical observations from the lunar surface - PDF
ntrs.nasa.gov...
Electrostatic effects on the lunar surface - PDF
www.lpi.usra.edu...
A Dynamic Fountain Model for Lunar Dust - PDF
ntrs.nasa.gov...
Originally posted by poet1b
reply to post by TrueBrit
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Obviously with this later study, it is clear that the car lights rebuttal explanation is nothing but pure garbage. I wonder if the author of the rebuttal is embarrassed by his cavalier attitude towards Dr Massimo Teodorani and Gloria Nobili?
jackphotohobby, anything you would like to say about your comments on my questioning of the rebuttal?
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Originally posted by poet1b
reply to post by jackphotohobby
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Not only did the doctorate grad make inaccurate statements about the positions expressed in the 2002 study, so have you. Did your brain get too full before you reached the end?
All I see is pure bias and arrogance from you. You don't even have the good sense to apologize when it is more than obvious that you are wrong.
Originally posted by poet1b
reply to post by jackphotohobby
Obviously you are incapable of stating your position. If you can't summarize you reasons for thinking all they saw were car headlights in a few sentences, then you won't be able to do it in a thousand words or ten thousand.
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