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The Logarithmic Path of the Pole and Climate Change Correlation
page: 3share:
a reply to: Scott Creighton
A planet-sized body would have to make a very close encounter four to five times every million years. Maybe that would have made sense to Velikovsky and his people, but not to me. By comparison, the meteorite/asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs was far smaller and happened 64 million years ago. The major collisions of our solar system occurred relatively early in its development (not recently, as Velikovsky imagined) and involved the proto-planets of our solar system rather than cosmic interlopers. This is a major subject of my book, A Twisted History: Genesis and the Cosmos.
If an external magnetic field force is involved, it seems much more likely to be associated with our Sun, which has a very large/strong magnetic field. But, again, the intervals of hundreds of thousands of years don't seem to be reasonable for this type of phenomenon to arise from the Sun. Somebody would have to crunch the numbers in the case of a "mini-nova". But, we're looking for four or five pole flips per 100K years rather than 1M years.
A planet-sized body would have to make a very close encounter four to five times every million years. Maybe that would have made sense to Velikovsky and his people, but not to me. By comparison, the meteorite/asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs was far smaller and happened 64 million years ago. The major collisions of our solar system occurred relatively early in its development (not recently, as Velikovsky imagined) and involved the proto-planets of our solar system rather than cosmic interlopers. This is a major subject of my book, A Twisted History: Genesis and the Cosmos.
If an external magnetic field force is involved, it seems much more likely to be associated with our Sun, which has a very large/strong magnetic field. But, again, the intervals of hundreds of thousands of years don't seem to be reasonable for this type of phenomenon to arise from the Sun. Somebody would have to crunch the numbers in the case of a "mini-nova". But, we're looking for four or five pole flips per 100K years rather than 1M years.
edit on 10-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
a reply to: CharlesNPope
Just read Marco Vigato's white paper rebutting the claim that Khufu was original builder of the Great Pyramid. Here are his 15 points:
1. The geometric plan of Giza – Evidence of a unified design
Refers to research of Robert Temple and Andrew Collins indicating Giza Pyramids were not a sequential build effort.
2. The key dimensions and geodetic location of the Great Pyramid
Encodes knowledge not possessed in the 4th Dynasty.
3. The Inventory stela
Refers to research of Manu Seyfzadeh and Robert Schoch indicating that the Sphinx Valley Temple was dedicated to Isis, who is called "Mistress of the Pyramids" on the Inventory Stela.
4. The Westcar Papyrus
Refers to Hellenistic, Coptic and Arab traditions attributing the Great Pyramid to Hermes (Thoth). By association, "The "Sanctuary of Thoth" that Khufu desires to enter in the Westcar Papyrus should then also be the Great Pyramid.
5. Manetho – First Dynasty Pyramids?
Manetho ascribes thousands of years between the time of the gods and the first dynasty of Egypt. The Syncellus version of Manetho stated that during a drought Uenephês/Ouenephes was the first (dynastic) king to build pyramids. If he is the early pharaoh Anedjib, then he failed at building his own personal pyramid. Only the Africanus version of Manetho includes the annotation that Souphis built the Great Pyramid and is the same as the Khufu spoken of by Herodotus.
6. Jewish, Arab and Coptic accounts of the Pyramids
Coptic Papyrus of Abu Hormeis makes the pre-Flood king Surid builder of the Great Pyramid in order to preserve "science, astronomy, geometry, physics and much useful knowledge" as well as "treasures". Arab historians Mas’udi and al-Maqrizi also claimed the Pyramids predated the Flood, but were the work of Hermes and Agathodaimon. Josephus mentioned twin pyramos built by "Sethites" and possessing knowledge from before the Flood.
7. Different phases of construction.
Refers to pioneering work of Flinders Petrie regarding distinct transitions in construction technique and quality for all three Giza Pyramids. Great Pyramid transitions from "cyclopean" foundations and lower courses (as in other megalithic sites around the world) to less massive upper courses (indicating the work may have stopped and been resumed after long intervals).
8. Ancient intrusions into Great Pyramid
Graffiti in the Subterranean Chamber indicates that knowledge of the entrance location to the Great Pyramid was still known in very ancient times. This tends to lend weight to the "prophesy" of the Westcar Papyrus that Khufu's 5th Dynasty successor would be the first Old Kingdom pharaoh to enter it.
9. Inconsistencies in the timeline of construction
Refers to the study made by Professor Derek K. Hitchins, who concluded: Too much stone, too little time and too few workers available in the reign of 4th Dynasty Khufu.
10. Insufficient workers’ quarters, tombs and tools
The Giza workman village was comparable in size to Deir el Medina, which serviced the Valley of the Kings, and therefore housed only between 2,000 and 4,000 workers at most. Not adequate for building the Great Pyramid, much less all three Giza Pyramids plus Snefru's three large pyramids.
11. Pyramid (d)evolution
Building proficiency was already in rapid decline before the 4th Dynasty was even over, and pharaohs of the 5th and 6th Dynasties pirated hard stonework supposedly cut, carved and placed by their immediate predecessors in the 4th Dynasty.
12. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating
Initial OSL dates of the 3rd Giza Pyramid are up to two millennia too old, and weren't even taken from the pyramid's interior.
13. Iron artefacts in the Great Pyramid
A plate of wrought iron between two inner blocks was reputedly exposed by Howard-Vyse due to his gunpowder blasting.
14. Mechanical expertise of the Pyramid builders
Refers to Chris Dunn's analysis of drill holes, saw marks and 3D contouring in the hardest of stone blocks and stone pottery.
15.Repaired verses unrepaired casing blocks of the Dahshur pyramids
Refers to the research of Ralph Ellis demonstrating that portions of the outer surfaces of selected casing blocks of the Bent Pyramid were clearly patched in deep antiquity and with such skill that it is still in tact today. In contrast, untreated surfaces have badly deteriorated. Did Snefru have the capacity to perform such long-lasting patch work? Perhaps not.
Just read Marco Vigato's white paper rebutting the claim that Khufu was original builder of the Great Pyramid. Here are his 15 points:
1. The geometric plan of Giza – Evidence of a unified design
Refers to research of Robert Temple and Andrew Collins indicating Giza Pyramids were not a sequential build effort.
2. The key dimensions and geodetic location of the Great Pyramid
Encodes knowledge not possessed in the 4th Dynasty.
3. The Inventory stela
Refers to research of Manu Seyfzadeh and Robert Schoch indicating that the Sphinx Valley Temple was dedicated to Isis, who is called "Mistress of the Pyramids" on the Inventory Stela.
4. The Westcar Papyrus
Refers to Hellenistic, Coptic and Arab traditions attributing the Great Pyramid to Hermes (Thoth). By association, "The "Sanctuary of Thoth" that Khufu desires to enter in the Westcar Papyrus should then also be the Great Pyramid.
5. Manetho – First Dynasty Pyramids?
Manetho ascribes thousands of years between the time of the gods and the first dynasty of Egypt. The Syncellus version of Manetho stated that during a drought Uenephês/Ouenephes was the first (dynastic) king to build pyramids. If he is the early pharaoh Anedjib, then he failed at building his own personal pyramid. Only the Africanus version of Manetho includes the annotation that Souphis built the Great Pyramid and is the same as the Khufu spoken of by Herodotus.
6. Jewish, Arab and Coptic accounts of the Pyramids
Coptic Papyrus of Abu Hormeis makes the pre-Flood king Surid builder of the Great Pyramid in order to preserve "science, astronomy, geometry, physics and much useful knowledge" as well as "treasures". Arab historians Mas’udi and al-Maqrizi also claimed the Pyramids predated the Flood, but were the work of Hermes and Agathodaimon. Josephus mentioned twin pyramos built by "Sethites" and possessing knowledge from before the Flood.
7. Different phases of construction.
Refers to pioneering work of Flinders Petrie regarding distinct transitions in construction technique and quality for all three Giza Pyramids. Great Pyramid transitions from "cyclopean" foundations and lower courses (as in other megalithic sites around the world) to less massive upper courses (indicating the work may have stopped and been resumed after long intervals).
8. Ancient intrusions into Great Pyramid
Graffiti in the Subterranean Chamber indicates that knowledge of the entrance location to the Great Pyramid was still known in very ancient times. This tends to lend weight to the "prophesy" of the Westcar Papyrus that Khufu's 5th Dynasty successor would be the first Old Kingdom pharaoh to enter it.
9. Inconsistencies in the timeline of construction
Refers to the study made by Professor Derek K. Hitchins, who concluded: Too much stone, too little time and too few workers available in the reign of 4th Dynasty Khufu.
10. Insufficient workers’ quarters, tombs and tools
The Giza workman village was comparable in size to Deir el Medina, which serviced the Valley of the Kings, and therefore housed only between 2,000 and 4,000 workers at most. Not adequate for building the Great Pyramid, much less all three Giza Pyramids plus Snefru's three large pyramids.
11. Pyramid (d)evolution
Building proficiency was already in rapid decline before the 4th Dynasty was even over, and pharaohs of the 5th and 6th Dynasties pirated hard stonework supposedly cut, carved and placed by their immediate predecessors in the 4th Dynasty.
12. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating
Initial OSL dates of the 3rd Giza Pyramid are up to two millennia too old, and weren't even taken from the pyramid's interior.
13. Iron artefacts in the Great Pyramid
A plate of wrought iron between two inner blocks was reputedly exposed by Howard-Vyse due to his gunpowder blasting.
14. Mechanical expertise of the Pyramid builders
Refers to Chris Dunn's analysis of drill holes, saw marks and 3D contouring in the hardest of stone blocks and stone pottery.
15.Repaired verses unrepaired casing blocks of the Dahshur pyramids
Refers to the research of Ralph Ellis demonstrating that portions of the outer surfaces of selected casing blocks of the Bent Pyramid were clearly patched in deep antiquity and with such skill that it is still in tact today. In contrast, untreated surfaces have badly deteriorated. Did Snefru have the capacity to perform such long-lasting patch work? Perhaps not.
edit on 11-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
a reply to: CharlesNPope
To the above 15 reasons why Khufu of the 4th Dynasty did not build the Great Pyramid, we can easily add 15 more:
16) The 4th Dynasty pharaohs themselves did not claim to have built the Giza Pyramids, nor did any native pharaoh after them.
Pyramid building should have dominated the narrative of the reigns of the 4th Dynasty pharaohs, but it didn’t. Pyramid building should have been a major source of renown for the 4th Dynasty pharaohs, but it wasn’t.
The surviving fragments of the Palermo Stone don’t mention any pyramid building in the 4th Dynasty, nor does Manetho. The Africanus annotation the sole mention, and it is controverted by other other pharaonic, classical and late sources.
What textual evidence there is during native rule, such as the Inventory Stela and Westcar Papyrus, suggests that the 4th Dynasty pharaohs only made repairs, at best. If anything, the Great Pyramid was attributed to the gods Thoth and Ra. The god-king Ra was considered the "son of Ptah (Khnum of Upper Egypt) and Thoth was considered the "eldest son" of Ra. The names of Khufu and Khnum-Khufu found in the relieving chambers were, then, either placed/embellished by Howard-Vyse or represented the name(s) of a pre-dynastic ruler. Asshurbanipal claimed to have read writing from before the Flood, so pre-historic writing cannot be entirely ruled out. Regardless, the 4th Dynasty Khufu usurped the pre-dynastic Great Pyramid, because he was also assuming the name and typecasting of a pre-dynastic ruler.
The papyrus called the “Diary of Merer” doesn’t explain how the Giza Pyramids were built. It documents the transport of 200 (very small) limestone blocks every ten days over a period of three months in the final year of Khufu. It does not document the transport of the 144,000 (very large) casing stones that were needed to finish the Great Pyramid, nor the granite needed for the inner chambers, nor the other 1,000,000 plus stones needed for the interior.
17) Pre-Dynastic Representation of the Giza Pyramids
Pre-dynastic art from Nubia (Naqada Period) features a crude but iconic scene of the Nile and three pyramids in a row.
18) 4th Dynasty Ritual Altars made from Recycled Pillar Bases
Two pre-dynastic pillar bases were converted into offering tables for the mortuary temple of a priest in the reign of Khufu. Many of the famous works of art attributed to the Old Kingdom, including vases and statues, are obviously heirlooms from a much earlier age. The dagger from the tomb of Tut made from meteoric iron is a later example of appropriation of pre-dynastic technology and art.
19) Saltwater Residues
There are watermarks halfway up the sides of the Great Pyramid, which indicate massive flooding (that occurred in pre-dynastic times) and the intrusion or leeching of salt water through the casing stones (now removed). There is also distinct salt encrustation around the opening/entrance of the Great Pyramid. A thick layer of silt around the base of the Great Pyramid contained organic matter dating back 12,000 years.
20) The Biblical Tower of Babel.
The Biblical "Tower of Babel" story disguises the reality of multiple Great Floods and recovery efforts separated by very long intervals (as noted by Plato). Biblical apocalyptic passages also echo the reality that "end of the world" scenarios are cyclical and possibly inevitable. This only reinforces the testimony that the Great Pyramid (Egyptian version of the Babylonian Ziggurat) was built in anticipation of an imminent Flood, and that there was an attempt to restore the Great Pyramid fairly soon after the Flood.
21) Desertification
The climate of Egypt was not conducive to massive construction during the 4th Dynasty. The African Humid Period ("Green Sahara") was long over with by the start of the Old Kingdom and only increased in severity by the 4th Dynasty. The time for a major restoration of the Giza Pyramids would have been while there was still sufficient population and other resources (cattle, big game, etc.) in North Africa, and that ended as early as 4,000 BCE. Hence, Khufu was not necessarily even the first to attempt a repair the Giza Pyramids or establish a workman’s village on the site.
22) Gobekli Tepe
At Gobekli Tepe, the older structures were the superior ones. Due to the traumas of the end of the Ice Age, human knowledge and capabilities were diminishing. Knowledge was being replaced by superstition, i.e., rigid adherence to a pattern, and holding on to an outward form of knowledge without the deeper understanding needed to apply that knowledge. Magic tricks were devised to fake things that were earlier actually possible. The Pyramid Texts are indication that much of the legacy had already been lost, and it was becoming imperative to start writing things down. The Old Kingdom was likely founded after a catastrophic event of some kind that resulted in local flooding. It was as if the pattern of the last Ice Age was being repeated in miniature. This provided some impetus for reviving a civilization in Egypt. After an initial excess of water, it was following by excessive heat, dust and drought (from the 1st Dynasty onward), and even as in the time following that earlier, bigger Deluge. Ra was angry and had to be appeased.
To the above 15 reasons why Khufu of the 4th Dynasty did not build the Great Pyramid, we can easily add 15 more:
16) The 4th Dynasty pharaohs themselves did not claim to have built the Giza Pyramids, nor did any native pharaoh after them.
Pyramid building should have dominated the narrative of the reigns of the 4th Dynasty pharaohs, but it didn’t. Pyramid building should have been a major source of renown for the 4th Dynasty pharaohs, but it wasn’t.
The surviving fragments of the Palermo Stone don’t mention any pyramid building in the 4th Dynasty, nor does Manetho. The Africanus annotation the sole mention, and it is controverted by other other pharaonic, classical and late sources.
What textual evidence there is during native rule, such as the Inventory Stela and Westcar Papyrus, suggests that the 4th Dynasty pharaohs only made repairs, at best. If anything, the Great Pyramid was attributed to the gods Thoth and Ra. The god-king Ra was considered the "son of Ptah (Khnum of Upper Egypt) and Thoth was considered the "eldest son" of Ra. The names of Khufu and Khnum-Khufu found in the relieving chambers were, then, either placed/embellished by Howard-Vyse or represented the name(s) of a pre-dynastic ruler. Asshurbanipal claimed to have read writing from before the Flood, so pre-historic writing cannot be entirely ruled out. Regardless, the 4th Dynasty Khufu usurped the pre-dynastic Great Pyramid, because he was also assuming the name and typecasting of a pre-dynastic ruler.
The papyrus called the “Diary of Merer” doesn’t explain how the Giza Pyramids were built. It documents the transport of 200 (very small) limestone blocks every ten days over a period of three months in the final year of Khufu. It does not document the transport of the 144,000 (very large) casing stones that were needed to finish the Great Pyramid, nor the granite needed for the inner chambers, nor the other 1,000,000 plus stones needed for the interior.
17) Pre-Dynastic Representation of the Giza Pyramids
Pre-dynastic art from Nubia (Naqada Period) features a crude but iconic scene of the Nile and three pyramids in a row.
18) 4th Dynasty Ritual Altars made from Recycled Pillar Bases
Two pre-dynastic pillar bases were converted into offering tables for the mortuary temple of a priest in the reign of Khufu. Many of the famous works of art attributed to the Old Kingdom, including vases and statues, are obviously heirlooms from a much earlier age. The dagger from the tomb of Tut made from meteoric iron is a later example of appropriation of pre-dynastic technology and art.
19) Saltwater Residues
There are watermarks halfway up the sides of the Great Pyramid, which indicate massive flooding (that occurred in pre-dynastic times) and the intrusion or leeching of salt water through the casing stones (now removed). There is also distinct salt encrustation around the opening/entrance of the Great Pyramid. A thick layer of silt around the base of the Great Pyramid contained organic matter dating back 12,000 years.
20) The Biblical Tower of Babel.
The Biblical "Tower of Babel" story disguises the reality of multiple Great Floods and recovery efforts separated by very long intervals (as noted by Plato). Biblical apocalyptic passages also echo the reality that "end of the world" scenarios are cyclical and possibly inevitable. This only reinforces the testimony that the Great Pyramid (Egyptian version of the Babylonian Ziggurat) was built in anticipation of an imminent Flood, and that there was an attempt to restore the Great Pyramid fairly soon after the Flood.
21) Desertification
The climate of Egypt was not conducive to massive construction during the 4th Dynasty. The African Humid Period ("Green Sahara") was long over with by the start of the Old Kingdom and only increased in severity by the 4th Dynasty. The time for a major restoration of the Giza Pyramids would have been while there was still sufficient population and other resources (cattle, big game, etc.) in North Africa, and that ended as early as 4,000 BCE. Hence, Khufu was not necessarily even the first to attempt a repair the Giza Pyramids or establish a workman’s village on the site.
22) Gobekli Tepe
At Gobekli Tepe, the older structures were the superior ones. Due to the traumas of the end of the Ice Age, human knowledge and capabilities were diminishing. Knowledge was being replaced by superstition, i.e., rigid adherence to a pattern, and holding on to an outward form of knowledge without the deeper understanding needed to apply that knowledge. Magic tricks were devised to fake things that were earlier actually possible. The Pyramid Texts are indication that much of the legacy had already been lost, and it was becoming imperative to start writing things down. The Old Kingdom was likely founded after a catastrophic event of some kind that resulted in local flooding. It was as if the pattern of the last Ice Age was being repeated in miniature. This provided some impetus for reviving a civilization in Egypt. After an initial excess of water, it was following by excessive heat, dust and drought (from the 1st Dynasty onward), and even as in the time following that earlier, bigger Deluge. Ra was angry and had to be appeased.
a reply to: CharlesNPope
23) Egyptian Chronology
There are profound issues with Egyptian Chronology. Previously attempts (e.g., by Velikovsky, Peter James, David Rohl) to revise the chronology of pharaonic Egypt have not been fully successful, however they have served to demonstrate that the standard/academic chronology is badly mistaken. If the chronology of the Old Kingdom is raised or lowered by any significant amount, then this could preclude Khufu as builder of the Great Pyramid on the basis of chronology alone.
24) Pyramid Town
The place name of "Pyramid Town" indicates that the Giza Pyramids already existed in the time of Khufu. Otherwise, it would have been called "Pyramid Building Town".
25) Khufu the Dunce
Khufu was not honored by posterity, but disregarded as ignoble. Even if he was a disagreeable figure, he should have still been venerated as the genius that built the Great Pyramid. Instead, tradition mocks Khufu for not being able to figure out how to even enter the Great Pyramid, much less have himself buried within it. The Westcar Papyrus further claims that Khufu gave up and relegated the Great Pyramid project to the following dynasty.
26) The Sphinx Stela
The Dream Stela of Thutmose IV indicates that the Sphinx and Giza Pyramids were pre-dynastic. Thutmose IV was only emulating Khafre in assuming the divine role of Kheperi, a.k.a. Horus the Elder, the “Sun in Its Rising” as heir of the Gods and favored not only by the gods but also by the Great Goddess symbolized by the Sphinx. In his book, Beneath the Pyramids, Andrew Collins notes the close association of the Sphinx with Hathor and the proximity of a fertility cult at Aish el-Ghurob. The mythical (later royal) reproduction cycle was patterned after “lion society”. A lioness breeds with all of the adult males of her pride. Likewise, a princess mated with all eligible royal males in a round-robin system. However, this exposed royal women to charges of adultery and polyandry. The 2nd Giza Pyramid is in the "breeding position" relative to the Sphinx, and it was necessary to the crown prince clear the sands ("uncover the nakedness") of the Sphinx to symbolically claim his election.
27) The Giza Pyramids form a Precession Clock, which was calibrated to a date no later than 10,000 BCE, according to Scott Creighton.
28) The Pillars of Solomon
Solomon’s Temple was a structure with sacred dimensions and modeled after the 1st (Great) Pyramid. The “Pillars of Solomon” were, then, inspired by the 2nd and 3rd Pyramid at Giza. The pillar called Boaz (“in/by strength”) can be associated with the 2nd Pyramid and Jachin (“he establishes/confirms”) with the 3rd Pyramid. The 1st Pyramid was further associated with the god Ra (Biblical Moses). The 2nd Pyramid is further associated with the god Horus the Elder (Gershom/Joshua), and the 3rd Pyramid with the god Osiris (Eliezer). A variant/pun of Jachin is the name Joktan (“diminished”). The Ark of the Covenant was an even smaller scale model and probably contains parallels with the Great Pyramid as a "power device".
29) The Giza Pyramids were not aligned to the North Pole in 3rd Century BCE
The North Pole in the 4th Dynasty was likely not where it is now. During the African Humid Period, the North Pole would have been located in Alaska or the Bering Straight. The African Humid Period ended with a shift of the North Pole toward the Hudson Bay.
30) Akhet-Khufu and Akhet-Aten
The reign of Akhenaten was consciously emulating that of Khufu, and allows us to interpret the reign of Khufu. Khufu called his “pyramid town” by the name of Akhet-Khufu. Akhenaten called his Akhet-Aten.
Akhenaten chose a location for his city that already had a well-defined Akhet to work with, i.e., a notch for the sun to rise between two peaks in the landscape behind the Amarna plateau. Similarly, Khufu already had an Akhet he could claim, and a glorious one at that. All he had to do was spruce up the adjacent pre-existing infrastructure. And, if Akhenaten was a neo-Khufu, then Khufu likely performed his make-over during only a 12-year window, again making it more doubtful that he did anything other than a rushed "house flipping." Akhenaten was co-regent of Amenhotep III, except for his final 12 years. This is suggestive of Khufu having been a co-regent of Snefru.
Akhenaten was known for using very small blocks (talatat) in his construction. Akhenaten’s hurried and cheap construction of “Akhet-Aten” allows us to interpret Khufu’s new city of “Akhet-Khufu.” Akhenaten made use of an existing feature of the landscape for his solar alignment. Khufu, by association, made use of the pre-existing Giza Pyramids for his temple alignment and likely spent no more than a few years refurbishing the Giza Plateau.
The royal family was such a slave to tradition that we can use the history of one dynasty to focus the blurry history of other periods. They possessed a faded legacy that was still to be honored and especially to be exploited to justify dominance. For example, it has been duly noted that Khufu reigned first and then Khafre. So why then didn’t Khufu take the choice (central) position on the Giza Plateau? It was not a matter of construction problems or bad omens. Instead, the typecasting of Khufu (as Ra) and Khafre (as Horus the Elder) determined which pyramid that each needed to claim.
Akhenaten was called the “do-nothing” pharaoh after his role model Khufu.
Khufu callously suppressed cult centers (other than Ra) and particularly that of Ptah. This was emulated by Akhenaten's suppression of rival cults, particularly Amun (a later syncretic cult influenced heavily by the cult of Ptah). Competition between the major religions of Egypt became a stock theme to be deliberately repeated in every major dynasty.
There was an emphasis on nudity and eroticism (associated with Phanes, “sexuality” and Hermes, “phallus”. in the Westcar Papyrus characterization of Snefru’s court. This was mimicked by Amenhotep III in the New Kingdom and carried over into the reign of Akhenaten, who was being patterned closely after Khufu.
The reign of Khufu featured the suppression (“diminishing”) of the Osiris figure Menkhaure. The end of Akhenaten’s reign featured the suppression of S’menkhkare.
The sun-god was more to be feared than loved. Akhenaten tried to emphasize the life-giving qualities of light. As the embodiment of the sun-god, Akhenaten also tried to portray himself as a loving father. But, it was no secret that the sun was associated with drought, famine, disease and ultimately death.
Akhenaten may have expressed the desire to be buried at Akhet-aten, but that was only an element of the script. Tradition dictated that he could not be buried next to his “tinsel-town” any more than Khufu was by his own.
The memory of hated Akhenaten was suppressed and he was referred to by derogatory epithets, such as "rebel, heretic, criminal". Likewise, only one small object has been found that (possibly) belonged to Khufu and priestly (Amun/Ptah/Osiris) histories of Khufu would have been encouraged to place him in a negative light (yet, the violent, amoral sun-god could not quite receive this treatment).
23) Egyptian Chronology
There are profound issues with Egyptian Chronology. Previously attempts (e.g., by Velikovsky, Peter James, David Rohl) to revise the chronology of pharaonic Egypt have not been fully successful, however they have served to demonstrate that the standard/academic chronology is badly mistaken. If the chronology of the Old Kingdom is raised or lowered by any significant amount, then this could preclude Khufu as builder of the Great Pyramid on the basis of chronology alone.
24) Pyramid Town
The place name of "Pyramid Town" indicates that the Giza Pyramids already existed in the time of Khufu. Otherwise, it would have been called "Pyramid Building Town".
25) Khufu the Dunce
Khufu was not honored by posterity, but disregarded as ignoble. Even if he was a disagreeable figure, he should have still been venerated as the genius that built the Great Pyramid. Instead, tradition mocks Khufu for not being able to figure out how to even enter the Great Pyramid, much less have himself buried within it. The Westcar Papyrus further claims that Khufu gave up and relegated the Great Pyramid project to the following dynasty.
26) The Sphinx Stela
The Dream Stela of Thutmose IV indicates that the Sphinx and Giza Pyramids were pre-dynastic. Thutmose IV was only emulating Khafre in assuming the divine role of Kheperi, a.k.a. Horus the Elder, the “Sun in Its Rising” as heir of the Gods and favored not only by the gods but also by the Great Goddess symbolized by the Sphinx. In his book, Beneath the Pyramids, Andrew Collins notes the close association of the Sphinx with Hathor and the proximity of a fertility cult at Aish el-Ghurob. The mythical (later royal) reproduction cycle was patterned after “lion society”. A lioness breeds with all of the adult males of her pride. Likewise, a princess mated with all eligible royal males in a round-robin system. However, this exposed royal women to charges of adultery and polyandry. The 2nd Giza Pyramid is in the "breeding position" relative to the Sphinx, and it was necessary to the crown prince clear the sands ("uncover the nakedness") of the Sphinx to symbolically claim his election.
27) The Giza Pyramids form a Precession Clock, which was calibrated to a date no later than 10,000 BCE, according to Scott Creighton.
28) The Pillars of Solomon
Solomon’s Temple was a structure with sacred dimensions and modeled after the 1st (Great) Pyramid. The “Pillars of Solomon” were, then, inspired by the 2nd and 3rd Pyramid at Giza. The pillar called Boaz (“in/by strength”) can be associated with the 2nd Pyramid and Jachin (“he establishes/confirms”) with the 3rd Pyramid. The 1st Pyramid was further associated with the god Ra (Biblical Moses). The 2nd Pyramid is further associated with the god Horus the Elder (Gershom/Joshua), and the 3rd Pyramid with the god Osiris (Eliezer). A variant/pun of Jachin is the name Joktan (“diminished”). The Ark of the Covenant was an even smaller scale model and probably contains parallels with the Great Pyramid as a "power device".
29) The Giza Pyramids were not aligned to the North Pole in 3rd Century BCE
The North Pole in the 4th Dynasty was likely not where it is now. During the African Humid Period, the North Pole would have been located in Alaska or the Bering Straight. The African Humid Period ended with a shift of the North Pole toward the Hudson Bay.
30) Akhet-Khufu and Akhet-Aten
The reign of Akhenaten was consciously emulating that of Khufu, and allows us to interpret the reign of Khufu. Khufu called his “pyramid town” by the name of Akhet-Khufu. Akhenaten called his Akhet-Aten.
Akhenaten chose a location for his city that already had a well-defined Akhet to work with, i.e., a notch for the sun to rise between two peaks in the landscape behind the Amarna plateau. Similarly, Khufu already had an Akhet he could claim, and a glorious one at that. All he had to do was spruce up the adjacent pre-existing infrastructure. And, if Akhenaten was a neo-Khufu, then Khufu likely performed his make-over during only a 12-year window, again making it more doubtful that he did anything other than a rushed "house flipping." Akhenaten was co-regent of Amenhotep III, except for his final 12 years. This is suggestive of Khufu having been a co-regent of Snefru.
Akhenaten was known for using very small blocks (talatat) in his construction. Akhenaten’s hurried and cheap construction of “Akhet-Aten” allows us to interpret Khufu’s new city of “Akhet-Khufu.” Akhenaten made use of an existing feature of the landscape for his solar alignment. Khufu, by association, made use of the pre-existing Giza Pyramids for his temple alignment and likely spent no more than a few years refurbishing the Giza Plateau.
The royal family was such a slave to tradition that we can use the history of one dynasty to focus the blurry history of other periods. They possessed a faded legacy that was still to be honored and especially to be exploited to justify dominance. For example, it has been duly noted that Khufu reigned first and then Khafre. So why then didn’t Khufu take the choice (central) position on the Giza Plateau? It was not a matter of construction problems or bad omens. Instead, the typecasting of Khufu (as Ra) and Khafre (as Horus the Elder) determined which pyramid that each needed to claim.
Akhenaten was called the “do-nothing” pharaoh after his role model Khufu.
Khufu callously suppressed cult centers (other than Ra) and particularly that of Ptah. This was emulated by Akhenaten's suppression of rival cults, particularly Amun (a later syncretic cult influenced heavily by the cult of Ptah). Competition between the major religions of Egypt became a stock theme to be deliberately repeated in every major dynasty.
There was an emphasis on nudity and eroticism (associated with Phanes, “sexuality” and Hermes, “phallus”. in the Westcar Papyrus characterization of Snefru’s court. This was mimicked by Amenhotep III in the New Kingdom and carried over into the reign of Akhenaten, who was being patterned closely after Khufu.
The reign of Khufu featured the suppression (“diminishing”) of the Osiris figure Menkhaure. The end of Akhenaten’s reign featured the suppression of S’menkhkare.
The sun-god was more to be feared than loved. Akhenaten tried to emphasize the life-giving qualities of light. As the embodiment of the sun-god, Akhenaten also tried to portray himself as a loving father. But, it was no secret that the sun was associated with drought, famine, disease and ultimately death.
Akhenaten may have expressed the desire to be buried at Akhet-aten, but that was only an element of the script. Tradition dictated that he could not be buried next to his “tinsel-town” any more than Khufu was by his own.
The memory of hated Akhenaten was suppressed and he was referred to by derogatory epithets, such as "rebel, heretic, criminal". Likewise, only one small object has been found that (possibly) belonged to Khufu and priestly (Amun/Ptah/Osiris) histories of Khufu would have been encouraged to place him in a negative light (yet, the violent, amoral sun-god could not quite receive this treatment).
edit on 12-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because:
(no reason given)
a reply to: CharlesNPope
Let's call this a draft of the points against Khufu. We should keep in mind that if only one of these 30 items is correct, then Khufu was NOT the builder of the Great Pyramid. Collectively, it is represents an "open and shut case".
I would still like to post something further about the Westcar Papyrus, because it is a completely misunderstood and underappreciated work. Every one of its five vignettes was lifted, reworked and used as the basis for some of the most famous stories in the Bible. However, I don't see any mention of that borrowing on the Internet. Instead, it is relegated to a cabinet of obscure and (useless) curiosities by Egyptologists.
Let's call this a draft of the points against Khufu. We should keep in mind that if only one of these 30 items is correct, then Khufu was NOT the builder of the Great Pyramid. Collectively, it is represents an "open and shut case".
I would still like to post something further about the Westcar Papyrus, because it is a completely misunderstood and underappreciated work. Every one of its five vignettes was lifted, reworked and used as the basis for some of the most famous stories in the Bible. However, I don't see any mention of that borrowing on the Internet. Instead, it is relegated to a cabinet of obscure and (useless) curiosities by Egyptologists.
a reply to: CharlesNPope
Im going to have to do some investigations in regards to khufu.
Also i need to apologize. I was going to be going home this coming Wednesday two days from now but have delayed my trip to stay with my family for a further week as i am enjoying myself immensely and truth be told, this little holiday to visit my family has been incredibly beneficial to my mental health. I would still love to further comment on this thread but need to get back to my computer to draw things up correctly with images/photos etc.
Cheers.
Im going to have to do some investigations in regards to khufu.
Also i need to apologize. I was going to be going home this coming Wednesday two days from now but have delayed my trip to stay with my family for a further week as i am enjoying myself immensely and truth be told, this little holiday to visit my family has been incredibly beneficial to my mental health. I would still love to further comment on this thread but need to get back to my computer to draw things up correctly with images/photos etc.
Cheers.
a reply to: DaRAGE
No worries mate! This knowledge has been buried for centuries, so what's another week or two (lol).
I'll leave it up to Scott whether or not to create a new thread on Khufu and a separate one on the Westcar Papyrus. I'm beginning to see how the ATS website works. After posting a new thread there is only a day or two of broad exposure before it quickly falls off the radar. So, the timing of a new post is critical. It has to be when everyone is "locked and loaded" and can fully engage in a "rapid fire" discussion.
No worries mate! This knowledge has been buried for centuries, so what's another week or two (lol).
I'll leave it up to Scott whether or not to create a new thread on Khufu and a separate one on the Westcar Papyrus. I'm beginning to see how the ATS website works. After posting a new thread there is only a day or two of broad exposure before it quickly falls off the radar. So, the timing of a new post is critical. It has to be when everyone is "locked and loaded" and can fully engage in a "rapid fire" discussion.
a reply to: CharlesNPope
Each of the five vignettes of the Westcar Papyrus became famous stories in the Bible. So, we have to stop looking at the Westcar Papyrus as a frivolous parody of Khufu and his court by an occupying (Hyksos) power. What we are looking at in the Westcar Papyrus is proto-Scripture!
Episode #1 : Djoser and Imhotep
The Biblical story of pharaoh's dream about the seven fat cows and seven skinny cows was inspired directly by Pharaoh Djoser and his priest Imhotep "son of Ptah," who ended an extreme drought by rebuilding a temple of Khnum (an Upper Egyptian form of Ptah) at Aswan, which was considered the fabled source of the Nile in Egyptian belief. A Ptolemaic Era inscription on a huge boulder at Aswan paid tribute to that memory. The particular boulder was chosen, because there is a distinct fracture in the middle of the boulder that symbolizes the god "striking the rock" and causing fresh water to flow out.
Episode #2 : Nebka and the Adulteress
The Biblical story of Judah and Tamar is directly based upon this episode of the Westcar Papyrus. it is specifically Prince Khafre, the "Judah (Horus the Elder/Falcon) prince" in the court of Khufu, that relates this "wonder" from the time of Pharaoh Nebka and his priest Ubainer. In the Biblical version of this story, Judah is seduced by Tamar, who has assumed the guise of a village prostitute. Judah falsely accuses her of sin (and expects the usual punishment), but Tamar exposes his own hypocrisy and guilt instead. Tamar must be acquitted, especially after becoming the mother by Judah of twin princes and a future heir. Pharaoh Nebka (a.k.a. "Huni the Smiter") was a Judah (Horus) figure from the previous (3rd) Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The lesson to be learned from Nebka and his selfish priest was that a Horus prince should not kill his wife (and prospective heirs) in a fit of jealousy and madness (ala the Greek Hercules). Rather, he should allow heirs to be produced for him if he should be unable to father them himself. This became the royal custom and is reflected in a number of Biblical stories that involve infertility.
Episode #3 : Snefru and Lost Talisman
This episode characterizes the first pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty as hedonistic Hugh Hefner, or shall we say Hugh Sefner. His reign is not defined by toil but by idleness. Instead of being consumed with the construction of three massive pyramids, he is wandering aimlessly through his palace and finding no amusement. The king needs a priest to end the drought of his extreme boredom. The remedy is to have twenty bodacious babes row him around the palace lake dressed in nothing but fishnet. The drought of the 3rd Dynasty may be over, but the lake is at most only half-full. It's barely enough to support a little wildlife and the royal party boat. Even so, the king has been cured of his funk, that is, until a malachite ornament falls from one of the crew captain's long braids and disappears into the lake. She is distraught and will accept nothing but the return of her precious jewel. The king is again clueless and calls upon the priest to handle this problem too.
A general lack of water is actually an advantage in solving this tempest in a teacup. The water on one side of the lake is "piled up" onto the other side. The lady's desire is found sitting on "dry land" and on top of a shard, a broken and even cursed piece of a smashed and discarded pot. The Osiris symbolism is unmistakable.. Malachite represents both kingship and rebirth. It also reflects the passion of women the ancient world over for the “Green King” Osiris (a.k.a. Adonis, Dumuzi, Dionysos, Iacchus, Bacchus, Orion, etc., etc.). This was not a king that sought to oppress and kill women, but was willing even to die for them. It was not something an Isis figure (or any female) ever wanted to replace. When the malachite Osiris figure is lifted up, the water is then returned to its previous level. This, of course, is a variation on the Exodus theme of the (symbolic) drowning of pharaoh.
Episode #4 : Khufu and the Great Pyramid
In the first part of this vignette, Khufu is treated to a medical miracle performed by the aged priest Dedi, who is reputed to be able to bring back to life men and animals whose heads have been cut off. Dedi is also believed to know detailed information about "The Sanctuary of Thoth," which Khufu is especially keen to find out. Khufu offers to behead one of his own prisoners, but Dedi nobly dissuades the king from doing that. The theme of cavalierly beheading a prisoner resurfaces in the account of John the Baptist, one of several Osiris figures in the Gospels. Instead, Dedi reattaches the head of a goose (symbolizing Geb), an Ibis (symbolizing Thoth and Re) and an ox (symbolizing Osiris). Khufu is impressed, but eager to move on to what Dedi knows about The Sanctuary of Thoth and its inner/secret chambers. Dedi again puts Khufu off.
Khufu did not seek to copy the entire sanctuary, but only one of the secret/inner chambers for the purposes of building his own tomb. There is a word play in the text between “secret chambers” and the "unlocking devices" or "location of the door" to access the structure and those inner chambers. The “Sanctuary of Thoth” was closed/locked. Khufu needed to know which tile was the entrance and a “tile puller” to open it. He evidently had neither. The “key” (instruction, plan, diagram, tool, etc.) to opening and exploring the Great Pyramid was held in a fireproof chest within a special room at Heliopolis called the “Revisions” or “Archives” or “Inventory”. Only the priesthood of Heliopolis would determine when it could be reopened, and it was not to be opened by Khufu. Khufu pretends to be upset by this, but seems more relieved to be free from the burden of the "Great Pyramid Project". The episode ends with a big celebration!
Episode #5 : The Seed of a Woman
When the prophesized birth of 5th Dynasty pharaohs is at hand, both king and priest are helpless. Three goddesses are summoned to the scene, but they have to take the disguise of “dancing girls.” The god Khnum is also “undercover” as a humble servant (baggage carrier) to the goddesses. Khnum had been suppressed by Khufu along with all the other gods and goddesses of Egypt. Khufu was the 4th Dynasty Moses, i.e., the sun-god Ra in decline, delusion and destruction. Like another man of bloodshed, he was not entitled to build or even fully restore a holy temple.
The direct Biblical analog of this Westcar vignette is the story of Sarah and Hagar. After the birth of Isaac, Sarah punishes her “maidservant”. Hagar flees, but is directed by an angel (implicitly a prince and her brother) to return and submit to Sarah. Hagar does so, but is eventually sent away again with Ishmael. Hagar is not eaten by a crocodile, but she nevertheless had no recourse to appeal her demotion and disgrace. Sarah, as dominant queen, not only has enablers, but is now beyond reproach. The mother of the heirs has not only imposed her authority over the “ladies-in-waiting,” but now also trumps priests and princes, if not also the king. The king may hold the “hook and flail,” but she decides when to use it. As the power of the queen increased in ancient Egypt, so did the importance of the Osiris cult.
Each of the five vignettes of the Westcar Papyrus became famous stories in the Bible. So, we have to stop looking at the Westcar Papyrus as a frivolous parody of Khufu and his court by an occupying (Hyksos) power. What we are looking at in the Westcar Papyrus is proto-Scripture!
Episode #1 : Djoser and Imhotep
The Biblical story of pharaoh's dream about the seven fat cows and seven skinny cows was inspired directly by Pharaoh Djoser and his priest Imhotep "son of Ptah," who ended an extreme drought by rebuilding a temple of Khnum (an Upper Egyptian form of Ptah) at Aswan, which was considered the fabled source of the Nile in Egyptian belief. A Ptolemaic Era inscription on a huge boulder at Aswan paid tribute to that memory. The particular boulder was chosen, because there is a distinct fracture in the middle of the boulder that symbolizes the god "striking the rock" and causing fresh water to flow out.
Episode #2 : Nebka and the Adulteress
The Biblical story of Judah and Tamar is directly based upon this episode of the Westcar Papyrus. it is specifically Prince Khafre, the "Judah (Horus the Elder/Falcon) prince" in the court of Khufu, that relates this "wonder" from the time of Pharaoh Nebka and his priest Ubainer. In the Biblical version of this story, Judah is seduced by Tamar, who has assumed the guise of a village prostitute. Judah falsely accuses her of sin (and expects the usual punishment), but Tamar exposes his own hypocrisy and guilt instead. Tamar must be acquitted, especially after becoming the mother by Judah of twin princes and a future heir. Pharaoh Nebka (a.k.a. "Huni the Smiter") was a Judah (Horus) figure from the previous (3rd) Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The lesson to be learned from Nebka and his selfish priest was that a Horus prince should not kill his wife (and prospective heirs) in a fit of jealousy and madness (ala the Greek Hercules). Rather, he should allow heirs to be produced for him if he should be unable to father them himself. This became the royal custom and is reflected in a number of Biblical stories that involve infertility.
Episode #3 : Snefru and Lost Talisman
This episode characterizes the first pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty as hedonistic Hugh Hefner, or shall we say Hugh Sefner. His reign is not defined by toil but by idleness. Instead of being consumed with the construction of three massive pyramids, he is wandering aimlessly through his palace and finding no amusement. The king needs a priest to end the drought of his extreme boredom. The remedy is to have twenty bodacious babes row him around the palace lake dressed in nothing but fishnet. The drought of the 3rd Dynasty may be over, but the lake is at most only half-full. It's barely enough to support a little wildlife and the royal party boat. Even so, the king has been cured of his funk, that is, until a malachite ornament falls from one of the crew captain's long braids and disappears into the lake. She is distraught and will accept nothing but the return of her precious jewel. The king is again clueless and calls upon the priest to handle this problem too.
A general lack of water is actually an advantage in solving this tempest in a teacup. The water on one side of the lake is "piled up" onto the other side. The lady's desire is found sitting on "dry land" and on top of a shard, a broken and even cursed piece of a smashed and discarded pot. The Osiris symbolism is unmistakable.. Malachite represents both kingship and rebirth. It also reflects the passion of women the ancient world over for the “Green King” Osiris (a.k.a. Adonis, Dumuzi, Dionysos, Iacchus, Bacchus, Orion, etc., etc.). This was not a king that sought to oppress and kill women, but was willing even to die for them. It was not something an Isis figure (or any female) ever wanted to replace. When the malachite Osiris figure is lifted up, the water is then returned to its previous level. This, of course, is a variation on the Exodus theme of the (symbolic) drowning of pharaoh.
Episode #4 : Khufu and the Great Pyramid
In the first part of this vignette, Khufu is treated to a medical miracle performed by the aged priest Dedi, who is reputed to be able to bring back to life men and animals whose heads have been cut off. Dedi is also believed to know detailed information about "The Sanctuary of Thoth," which Khufu is especially keen to find out. Khufu offers to behead one of his own prisoners, but Dedi nobly dissuades the king from doing that. The theme of cavalierly beheading a prisoner resurfaces in the account of John the Baptist, one of several Osiris figures in the Gospels. Instead, Dedi reattaches the head of a goose (symbolizing Geb), an Ibis (symbolizing Thoth and Re) and an ox (symbolizing Osiris). Khufu is impressed, but eager to move on to what Dedi knows about The Sanctuary of Thoth and its inner/secret chambers. Dedi again puts Khufu off.
Khufu did not seek to copy the entire sanctuary, but only one of the secret/inner chambers for the purposes of building his own tomb. There is a word play in the text between “secret chambers” and the "unlocking devices" or "location of the door" to access the structure and those inner chambers. The “Sanctuary of Thoth” was closed/locked. Khufu needed to know which tile was the entrance and a “tile puller” to open it. He evidently had neither. The “key” (instruction, plan, diagram, tool, etc.) to opening and exploring the Great Pyramid was held in a fireproof chest within a special room at Heliopolis called the “Revisions” or “Archives” or “Inventory”. Only the priesthood of Heliopolis would determine when it could be reopened, and it was not to be opened by Khufu. Khufu pretends to be upset by this, but seems more relieved to be free from the burden of the "Great Pyramid Project". The episode ends with a big celebration!
Episode #5 : The Seed of a Woman
When the prophesized birth of 5th Dynasty pharaohs is at hand, both king and priest are helpless. Three goddesses are summoned to the scene, but they have to take the disguise of “dancing girls.” The god Khnum is also “undercover” as a humble servant (baggage carrier) to the goddesses. Khnum had been suppressed by Khufu along with all the other gods and goddesses of Egypt. Khufu was the 4th Dynasty Moses, i.e., the sun-god Ra in decline, delusion and destruction. Like another man of bloodshed, he was not entitled to build or even fully restore a holy temple.
The direct Biblical analog of this Westcar vignette is the story of Sarah and Hagar. After the birth of Isaac, Sarah punishes her “maidservant”. Hagar flees, but is directed by an angel (implicitly a prince and her brother) to return and submit to Sarah. Hagar does so, but is eventually sent away again with Ishmael. Hagar is not eaten by a crocodile, but she nevertheless had no recourse to appeal her demotion and disgrace. Sarah, as dominant queen, not only has enablers, but is now beyond reproach. The mother of the heirs has not only imposed her authority over the “ladies-in-waiting,” but now also trumps priests and princes, if not also the king. The king may hold the “hook and flail,” but she decides when to use it. As the power of the queen increased in ancient Egypt, so did the importance of the Osiris cult.
a reply to: Scott Creighton
If the Earth flipped 90 degrees, the Gp would still be aligned to the Cardinal points, just the East or West side would be facing North or South. But there is a centrifugal bulge at the Equator, which would act as a kinetic wheel to gyroscopically stabilize the spin. We could say that the 47 degrees of motion through the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn in its annual motion of seasons, is a bit suspicious being very close to half of ninety degrees. Why not ten or five degrees? whatever caused this wobble was fairly selective for a random event.
Since the obliquity of Earth is 23.5 degrees, it's interesting that Mars is at present 25 degrees. That's the degrees of rocking from the equator to the northern position and the same for the south which is fifty degrees of movement in total. That's a bit of a strange coincidence for two similar planets.
If the Earth flipped 90 degrees, the Gp would still be aligned to the Cardinal points, just the East or West side would be facing North or South. But there is a centrifugal bulge at the Equator, which would act as a kinetic wheel to gyroscopically stabilize the spin. We could say that the 47 degrees of motion through the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn in its annual motion of seasons, is a bit suspicious being very close to half of ninety degrees. Why not ten or five degrees? whatever caused this wobble was fairly selective for a random event.
Since the obliquity of Earth is 23.5 degrees, it's interesting that Mars is at present 25 degrees. That's the degrees of rocking from the equator to the northern position and the same for the south which is fifty degrees of movement in total. That's a bit of a strange coincidence for two similar planets.
edit on 15-2-2022 by anonentity because: (no reason given)
a reply to: anonentity
Oh, how cool, "Commodus' thumb" is doing a "pole flip" (lol).
I don't know what the Dzhanibekov experiments/simulations indicate, but after a complete pole flip, the alignment of the Great Pyramid to true south would NOT necessarily be exactly the same as it had been to true north. The Earth has too much irregularity. The Earth flips, because it is seeking a more stable state (inducing a change in tilt angle). Nor would the Great Pyramid alignment necessarily be the same for a pole shift that brought the Great Pyramid close to the equator.
That's what is so astonishing about the current accuracy of the alignment of the Great Pyramid to true north. Evidently, the Earth is not in this current state for more than about 5% of the time in a complete cycle of Ice Age and Inter-Glacial.
It also follows that the Earth may not remain in this current state indefinitely. Once the melting of Arctic ice reaches a certain point, the poles will be ready to flip and a new Ice Age begins, especially if the Earth gets a "bump in the night". So, we either have to accept a pole flip or come up with a fix, i.e., induce global cooling to retain Arctic ice, or create an "anti-trigger" event, such as creating a very precise "impact event" of our own on Greenland or some other select location, if the wobbling of the planet starts to dramatically increase in the wind-up to a flip.
Mars is much smaller than Earth and no longer has any magnetic field or active volcanos. So, it would be interesting to look for evidence that it flips on any regular cycle, but that might be difficult. I'm not sure about a Mars equatorial bulge, but the planet may have shifted to put Olympus Mons near its equator.
Oh, how cool, "Commodus' thumb" is doing a "pole flip" (lol).
I don't know what the Dzhanibekov experiments/simulations indicate, but after a complete pole flip, the alignment of the Great Pyramid to true south would NOT necessarily be exactly the same as it had been to true north. The Earth has too much irregularity. The Earth flips, because it is seeking a more stable state (inducing a change in tilt angle). Nor would the Great Pyramid alignment necessarily be the same for a pole shift that brought the Great Pyramid close to the equator.
That's what is so astonishing about the current accuracy of the alignment of the Great Pyramid to true north. Evidently, the Earth is not in this current state for more than about 5% of the time in a complete cycle of Ice Age and Inter-Glacial.
It also follows that the Earth may not remain in this current state indefinitely. Once the melting of Arctic ice reaches a certain point, the poles will be ready to flip and a new Ice Age begins, especially if the Earth gets a "bump in the night". So, we either have to accept a pole flip or come up with a fix, i.e., induce global cooling to retain Arctic ice, or create an "anti-trigger" event, such as creating a very precise "impact event" of our own on Greenland or some other select location, if the wobbling of the planet starts to dramatically increase in the wind-up to a flip.
Mars is much smaller than Earth and no longer has any magnetic field or active volcanos. So, it would be interesting to look for evidence that it flips on any regular cycle, but that might be difficult. I'm not sure about a Mars equatorial bulge, but the planet may have shifted to put Olympus Mons near its equator.
edit on 16-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
a reply to: anonentity
Establishment folks will obviously ignore the immense difficulty of aligning the Great Pyramid so precisely and actually use it to deny the possibility that pole shift happens. "Look, the North Pole hasn't moved appreciably in thousands of years!!" Alarmingly, it doesn't seem to be that simple.
Scott must be out looking for Justin Trudeau (haha).
Seriously, it's totally ok if Scott wants to take a "hands off" approach to this thread. He is giving me enough rope to hang myself (lol). Scott should wait before committing to any of the insights I've suggested here.
I've already written enough books and if I did write any more they would likely be about recent history rather than ancient. I'm tempted to apply all the lessons learned from the study of ancient history to our current predicament. Very few are really serious about straightening that out, and if this pole flip thing is real, then what's the point?
I only contacted Scott through his forum when I couldn't find his email or a contact page. I even tried to reach him through Andrew Collins, because Andrew has always kindly responded to my emails in the past. It was through an email interchange with Andrew that I realized how committed he now is to the academic position of a 4th Dynasty construction of the Great Pyramid. After I got over the initial shock of that, I tried to point out to Andrew that his own research on Gobekli Tepe, the Giza Plateau and Esoterica argues otherwise. Yet, he seems to be convinced by his old pal Mark Lehner to the contrary, and is even working on a new book about it. That's why I decided all of the major types of evidence needed to be presented in a consolidated list. It's only then that the academic position becomes so ludicrous. I also think that the lack of sound interpretation of the Westcar Papyrus needs to be overcome, so I'll post some more on that. Who knows, maybe even the Ruku Byrd will show up!
Establishment folks will obviously ignore the immense difficulty of aligning the Great Pyramid so precisely and actually use it to deny the possibility that pole shift happens. "Look, the North Pole hasn't moved appreciably in thousands of years!!" Alarmingly, it doesn't seem to be that simple.
Scott must be out looking for Justin Trudeau (haha).
Seriously, it's totally ok if Scott wants to take a "hands off" approach to this thread. He is giving me enough rope to hang myself (lol). Scott should wait before committing to any of the insights I've suggested here.
I've already written enough books and if I did write any more they would likely be about recent history rather than ancient. I'm tempted to apply all the lessons learned from the study of ancient history to our current predicament. Very few are really serious about straightening that out, and if this pole flip thing is real, then what's the point?
I only contacted Scott through his forum when I couldn't find his email or a contact page. I even tried to reach him through Andrew Collins, because Andrew has always kindly responded to my emails in the past. It was through an email interchange with Andrew that I realized how committed he now is to the academic position of a 4th Dynasty construction of the Great Pyramid. After I got over the initial shock of that, I tried to point out to Andrew that his own research on Gobekli Tepe, the Giza Plateau and Esoterica argues otherwise. Yet, he seems to be convinced by his old pal Mark Lehner to the contrary, and is even working on a new book about it. That's why I decided all of the major types of evidence needed to be presented in a consolidated list. It's only then that the academic position becomes so ludicrous. I also think that the lack of sound interpretation of the Westcar Papyrus needs to be overcome, so I'll post some more on that. Who knows, maybe even the Ruku Byrd will show up!
a reply to: CharlesNPope
While we are still (barely) on the subject of pole flips/shifts and their implications ...
Doesn't the Earth now emerge as a place that is ideal for experimentation? No matter how badly things go, the planetary etch-a-sketch will eventually get shaken and another drawing can begin. It's beginning to become clear that "weird science" has been going on here since time immemorial. Are we the final experiment, or just more "work-in-progress"? Certainly, the history of our current race takes the concept of tough love to an entirely new level. And, certainly, the human genome leaves a lot to be desired. Are we even worthy to be called an experiment? Are we actually nothing more than biological stock? Is the mandate of our present age simply to "occupy" until the "return", i.e., until something interesting will take place again? Exactly what does mankind do that is so dang significant? Other than making music, I can't think of much that has lasting value in cosmological/galactic terms. It's all been done out there already, folks. Who are we kidding here?
The 2012 scare got the world's elites to thinking about surviving the "great reset." I can't say it's an unreasonable fixation. Why do our leaders worry so much about public panic? If only a few can survive, are they determined that it should be mostly them? Why should they allow the "riff-raff" to diminish their own chances? And, this appears to have been the very same mentality of whoever built the Great Pyramid. Yet, strangely, the record is contradictory. In one tradition, Noah & Co. are singled out for favor and shown the way to survive. In another version, Adapa's defiance in "cursing the storm" is met with both admiration and scorn. And, then there were those that actually built the world's biggest bugout shelters, i.e., the Egyptian Great Pyramid and Mesopotamian Tower of Babel. They are flatly denounced as humanist rebels and attacked. What are we to believe, then? Are we supposed to resign ourselves to our fate, flail blindly against the pole flip machine, hope and pray for the Rapture, or become as the gods and devise our own way forward? As they say, "That's why they play the game!" The ET's could even now be placing their bets like in a super-sized version of the movie Rat Race (lol). Does money change the odds, or is it simply dumb luck? Did Plato get this right, too?
While we are still (barely) on the subject of pole flips/shifts and their implications ...
Doesn't the Earth now emerge as a place that is ideal for experimentation? No matter how badly things go, the planetary etch-a-sketch will eventually get shaken and another drawing can begin. It's beginning to become clear that "weird science" has been going on here since time immemorial. Are we the final experiment, or just more "work-in-progress"? Certainly, the history of our current race takes the concept of tough love to an entirely new level. And, certainly, the human genome leaves a lot to be desired. Are we even worthy to be called an experiment? Are we actually nothing more than biological stock? Is the mandate of our present age simply to "occupy" until the "return", i.e., until something interesting will take place again? Exactly what does mankind do that is so dang significant? Other than making music, I can't think of much that has lasting value in cosmological/galactic terms. It's all been done out there already, folks. Who are we kidding here?
The 2012 scare got the world's elites to thinking about surviving the "great reset." I can't say it's an unreasonable fixation. Why do our leaders worry so much about public panic? If only a few can survive, are they determined that it should be mostly them? Why should they allow the "riff-raff" to diminish their own chances? And, this appears to have been the very same mentality of whoever built the Great Pyramid. Yet, strangely, the record is contradictory. In one tradition, Noah & Co. are singled out for favor and shown the way to survive. In another version, Adapa's defiance in "cursing the storm" is met with both admiration and scorn. And, then there were those that actually built the world's biggest bugout shelters, i.e., the Egyptian Great Pyramid and Mesopotamian Tower of Babel. They are flatly denounced as humanist rebels and attacked. What are we to believe, then? Are we supposed to resign ourselves to our fate, flail blindly against the pole flip machine, hope and pray for the Rapture, or become as the gods and devise our own way forward? As they say, "That's why they play the game!" The ET's could even now be placing their bets like in a super-sized version of the movie Rat Race (lol). Does money change the odds, or is it simply dumb luck? Did Plato get this right, too?
edit on 16-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
a reply to: CharlesNPope
The Earths Obliquity changes over time almost heading up to 25 degrees, just like Mars is at the moment, at 23.5 we seem to be at a middle point, another two degrees of tilt would push the arctic circle north, up another 120 miles, and the tropic line to the same extent.I would suggest that this change in tilt could be from the ice melting. Since the so-called Ice ages seem to last about a hundred thousand years and the interglacials about twelve thousand. Seems our time might be up. If the Obliquity was down to its minimum of about 22 degrees, the difference, of a 180 miles further south arctic circle doesn't seem enough to bring an ice age on. But the change of the arctic high-pressure system would definitely move clouds south, and rain and freezing conditions with it. As the ice ages seem to come on fast, it does look like a compounding runaway effect certainly caused by "A something" The arctic vortex, which is usually nice and tight around the polar regions seems to be wondering as far south as Texas over the past few years, with snow on the Giza plateau for the last three. So it could be a lot of things coming together after some trigger which speeds up a cyclical event.
Mans has been on this planet a lot longer than the brief period of recorded history, He is basically the same person with the same wants and desires for hundreds of thousands of years, so it would not be surprising if civilization forming has happened multiple times because it suits everyone for mutual benefit. But then had its mat pulled from under it.
Who knows but I read an interesting article written a while ago that quotes Homer's Iliad, where Odysseus, builds a boat and then navigates by Ursa major, the writer makes a point that where Odysseus was supposed to be the constellation wasn't visible, but was in the British Isles. Could this be a clue of some sort of shift? He mentioned a few other clues, like the quotes of hoar frost, which might suggest ancient migration because of climate variables.
The Earths Obliquity changes over time almost heading up to 25 degrees, just like Mars is at the moment, at 23.5 we seem to be at a middle point, another two degrees of tilt would push the arctic circle north, up another 120 miles, and the tropic line to the same extent.I would suggest that this change in tilt could be from the ice melting. Since the so-called Ice ages seem to last about a hundred thousand years and the interglacials about twelve thousand. Seems our time might be up. If the Obliquity was down to its minimum of about 22 degrees, the difference, of a 180 miles further south arctic circle doesn't seem enough to bring an ice age on. But the change of the arctic high-pressure system would definitely move clouds south, and rain and freezing conditions with it. As the ice ages seem to come on fast, it does look like a compounding runaway effect certainly caused by "A something" The arctic vortex, which is usually nice and tight around the polar regions seems to be wondering as far south as Texas over the past few years, with snow on the Giza plateau for the last three. So it could be a lot of things coming together after some trigger which speeds up a cyclical event.
Mans has been on this planet a lot longer than the brief period of recorded history, He is basically the same person with the same wants and desires for hundreds of thousands of years, so it would not be surprising if civilization forming has happened multiple times because it suits everyone for mutual benefit. But then had its mat pulled from under it.
Who knows but I read an interesting article written a while ago that quotes Homer's Iliad, where Odysseus, builds a boat and then navigates by Ursa major, the writer makes a point that where Odysseus was supposed to be the constellation wasn't visible, but was in the British Isles. Could this be a clue of some sort of shift? He mentioned a few other clues, like the quotes of hoar frost, which might suggest ancient migration because of climate variables.
a reply to: anonentity
Your post ties all of the frayed elements of this thread together quite elegantly!!
The largest and most important constellation for navigating in the Mediterranean Sea during the Classical Age (and probably before) was Argo or Argo Navis. The most important star of this ancient constellation of 50 stars was Canopus (now designated as alpha Carinae), the second brightest star in the night sky after Sirius, which sits directly above Canopus like a "plumb line". Canopus was the "ship's captain" or "helmsman" of the Argo Constellation, which was depicted as a great funeral boat in the sky. It is closely associated with the myths of Jason and the Argonauts.
Astronomers are perplexed that part of the Argo Constellation did not seem to be visible in the Greek Islands during the period in which it was so prominent, including and especially Canopus. However, if the Aegean Sea (and Giza Plateau) was then at a lower latitude, then the mystery is solved.
Regarding the northern constellations, we would have to see what effect the spiral path of the pole had on them (as viewed from the Mediterranean and Egypt, and specifically what stars might have been more useful for navigating during that spiral shift.
The northern constellation that represented Osiris was Ursa Major or "The Big Dipper". As such, it can be viewed as "The Big Coffin" with respect to the deceased Osiris. Ursa Minor was the constellation of Horus the Elder, who was killed by the god Set (Draco) after Set killed Osiris. Horus subsequently was known as "Horus which is in Osiris". Consequently, we could view Ursa Minor as "The Little Coffin". The coffin of Osiris was, of course, particularly noted for having been "set adrift" (due to pole shift?).
Regarding the obliquity of the Earth, it is now thought to be decreasing, but if the Djhanibekov movement is actually still settling, then it may be difficult to tell if it will decrease much further or even reverse slightly. Less obliquity is generally associated with global warming, however you make an excellent point in that additional warming leads to additional moisture and potentially more snowfall in the Arctic. So, it becomes a question of whether the Arctic ice continues to diminish or whether that trend is ironically reversed by warming. And, how much warming is too little or too much?
Your post ties all of the frayed elements of this thread together quite elegantly!!
The largest and most important constellation for navigating in the Mediterranean Sea during the Classical Age (and probably before) was Argo or Argo Navis. The most important star of this ancient constellation of 50 stars was Canopus (now designated as alpha Carinae), the second brightest star in the night sky after Sirius, which sits directly above Canopus like a "plumb line". Canopus was the "ship's captain" or "helmsman" of the Argo Constellation, which was depicted as a great funeral boat in the sky. It is closely associated with the myths of Jason and the Argonauts.
Astronomers are perplexed that part of the Argo Constellation did not seem to be visible in the Greek Islands during the period in which it was so prominent, including and especially Canopus. However, if the Aegean Sea (and Giza Plateau) was then at a lower latitude, then the mystery is solved.
Regarding the northern constellations, we would have to see what effect the spiral path of the pole had on them (as viewed from the Mediterranean and Egypt, and specifically what stars might have been more useful for navigating during that spiral shift.
The northern constellation that represented Osiris was Ursa Major or "The Big Dipper". As such, it can be viewed as "The Big Coffin" with respect to the deceased Osiris. Ursa Minor was the constellation of Horus the Elder, who was killed by the god Set (Draco) after Set killed Osiris. Horus subsequently was known as "Horus which is in Osiris". Consequently, we could view Ursa Minor as "The Little Coffin". The coffin of Osiris was, of course, particularly noted for having been "set adrift" (due to pole shift?).
Regarding the obliquity of the Earth, it is now thought to be decreasing, but if the Djhanibekov movement is actually still settling, then it may be difficult to tell if it will decrease much further or even reverse slightly. Less obliquity is generally associated with global warming, however you make an excellent point in that additional warming leads to additional moisture and potentially more snowfall in the Arctic. So, it becomes a question of whether the Arctic ice continues to diminish or whether that trend is ironically reversed by warming. And, how much warming is too little or too much?
edit on 16-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
a reply to: CharlesNPope
It does seem that the only real mass that could change its position in this exercise is fluid water turning into static water in the form of ice., but for that to happen the polar high would have to be disrupted for the precipitation to occur.. looking at the height of the Antarctic ice seems to suggest that this occurred at some timeframe and then some. As it is now the dryest place on Earth as any moisture heading in that direction has already been precipitated out as rain in the lower latitudes. So something would have to disrupt the polar vortex, to allow such precipitation. The only thing I can think of, which might be the culprit is the Solar minimums which tend to put out more particles that cause cloud seeding. Thus more rain, which again we are experiencing at the moment.
For Alaska to be relatively ice-free during the last ice age, seems to suggest a climatic component, when areas of the same latitude were icebound, same as Western Europe being warmed up by the Gulf stream, along with the Sahara being well-watered and forested in the not so long ago. This strongly suggests the Hadley cells, move causing the rain bands, to move south away from the ice. They seem to be very disrupted at the moment.
It does seem that the only real mass that could change its position in this exercise is fluid water turning into static water in the form of ice., but for that to happen the polar high would have to be disrupted for the precipitation to occur.. looking at the height of the Antarctic ice seems to suggest that this occurred at some timeframe and then some. As it is now the dryest place on Earth as any moisture heading in that direction has already been precipitated out as rain in the lower latitudes. So something would have to disrupt the polar vortex, to allow such precipitation. The only thing I can think of, which might be the culprit is the Solar minimums which tend to put out more particles that cause cloud seeding. Thus more rain, which again we are experiencing at the moment.
For Alaska to be relatively ice-free during the last ice age, seems to suggest a climatic component, when areas of the same latitude were icebound, same as Western Europe being warmed up by the Gulf stream, along with the Sahara being well-watered and forested in the not so long ago. This strongly suggests the Hadley cells, move causing the rain bands, to move south away from the ice. They seem to be very disrupted at the moment.
a reply to: anonentity
It boils down to whether a pole flip is necessary to bring on the next Ice Age or global warming can do that all by itself. It would seem that a small increase of ice to the Arctic would prevent a pole flip. However, the rapid return of large glaciation might result in a flip. And, as you suggest, can much increase in glaciation occur after a flip if there isn't enough snowfall when the north pole becomes the south pole (and Arctic become Antarctic)? If not, then the build up of glaciation in the Arctic must precede a flip and not follow it. Hmmm.
It boils down to whether a pole flip is necessary to bring on the next Ice Age or global warming can do that all by itself. It would seem that a small increase of ice to the Arctic would prevent a pole flip. However, the rapid return of large glaciation might result in a flip. And, as you suggest, can much increase in glaciation occur after a flip if there isn't enough snowfall when the north pole becomes the south pole (and Arctic become Antarctic)? If not, then the build up of glaciation in the Arctic must precede a flip and not follow it. Hmmm.
a reply to: CharlesNPope
The Westcar Papyrus is a sophisticated indictment of the Egyptian 3rd and 4th Dynasties. They were not the megalithic masters that the modern world makes them out to be. And, they were sexist, misogynist dinosaurs to boot.
Given that the final four vignettes of the Westcar Papyrus feature a "femme fatale", we should expect that the lost first vignette had also. Biblical Joseph was seduced by the wife of Potiphar. Joseph endures a symbolic death on account of this. There is no mention of her punishment in the Biblical story, but times don't seem to have changed all that much. The wife of Potiphar the priest of Ra (On/Heliopolis) doesn't risk the possible fate of Ubainer's wife (in the 2nd vignette of the Westcar Papyrus). She claims that the "commoner" had molested her. However when Joseph is eventually exonerated, he is given the daughter of the Priest of On as his wife! A much later account of Imhotep mentions a kid sister (Renpetnefere) and credits Imhotep with saving her from the designs of Djoser. Also, in that tale, Imhotep engages in a priestly, magical duel with a female sorcerer of Mesopotamia.
This first vignette of the Westcar Papyrus was probably narrated by Kawab, the "eldest son" of Khufu. And, by association, the story about Djoser may actually serve to implicate Kawab (as the "Reuben" prince) of a sexual indiscretion that resulted in the loss of the succession ("birthright"). Certainly, in the second vignette, the end of the 3rd Dynasty is implicitly blamed on the ill judgment of Nebka (Huni) and his priest Ubainer when it came to sexual matters. The author/compiler of the Westcar definitely has a gender score to settle.
Other traditions indicate that Imhotep, “he who placates (Ra)”, had only relearned the skill of "dressing stone", which seems more consistent with restoration work on the Pyramid of Djoser (i.e., The Bent Pyramid) than raising a massive stone-core pyramid from the ground up.
The second vignette of the Westcar Papyrus is so misogynist that Miriam Lichtheim refused to even include it with the other vignettes in her compendium of ancient Egyptian literature. Even the Bible includes some absolutely horrific treatment of women. It is left open to interpretation whether that reflected the misogynist attitude of the author(s) or served, even as the Westcar Papyrus, as "an example of learning". The type of neutrality, ambivalence or insouciance is typical of the Bible and of royal culture in general.
The second vignette inverts the Osiris Myth. Instead of Osiris (Dumuzi / Adonis) being trapped in a deadly "love triangle" with two rival women, it is the woman in the role of Isis that falls victim to male rivalry. In another twist of the myth, the Adonis figure is repeatedly maligned as a "commoner" rather than respected as a young (albeit vain) god. The Isis figure lures the Osiris figure with a chest (of fine/effeminate clothes, and signaling his demise). They partake of wine and make love in a garden. He is also a ritual / compulsive bather in the Osiris tradition, and this provides the opportunity for his capture using a magical crocodile, which symbolized Set's attack on Osiris.
In the original myth, the hit-man Set and priestly Thoth are excused (as acting under orders) and it is the god Ra that is found guilty. There is also no mention of a conviction or punishment of Isis for her part in the drama. Pharaoh Nebka (in the place of Ra) and Ubainer (in the place of Thoth) are not explicitly accused, but are implicitly guilty of taking too much liberty with the passion play. They had no precedent or basis for subjecting the Osiris figure to a "double jeopardy" or for their "witch hunt" of the Isis figure. The king and priest are no longer protecting a noble/royal sister/wife, even in a private setting, but publicly condemning her!!
Khufu is also implicitly shamed, because he refuses to censure either Nebka or his priest, but only chalks it up to experience. Khufu is also subtly mocked by the vignette's mention of how the king Nebka and the priest Ubainer (Web-jan-r) had gone side-by-side to sacrifice at the temple of Ptah Ankh-Tawy (“Giving Life to the Two Lands”). This temple would have been closed by Khufu, and any reference to it, especially in a positive way, would have been an affront to Khufu.
In the third vignette, Khufu remains steadfast in his denial of other gods, and even when presented with evidence that his own father and immediate predecessor had willingly honored the memories of Ptah, Osiris and Isis.
In the fourth vignette, Khufu really isn't interested in reviving or restoring anything. He "spent the day" snooping around The Sanctuary of Thoth, but this doesn't ooze with diligence or persistence as some have translated the phrase. Khufu doesn't even want to mentor his own nominal sons, but expects them to school him on history and tradition. Instead of taking Prince Har-djed-ef under his own wing, he orders the aged Dedi to do the job. Khufu isn't even concerned with his own mortuary cult, and in the tradition of Ra, he presumably doesn't believe in the Afterlife. Instead of instructing that his temple receive abundant offerings (as he did for Djoser, Nebka and Snefru), he gives them all to the still living (if barely) priest Djedi. The jaded Khufu is contented with the mere thought that he will be part of a kingdom that lasted four generations.
In the fifth and final vignette, the fame of kings and princes is eclipsed by the rise of a new wife of a new priest of Ra. She is done with male ineptitude and takes the "bull by his horns". The next dynasty of Egypt will be ruled by her sons and they will be ruled by her! In the Westcar Papyrus, she is called Ruddjedet, but archaeology knows her as Khentkawes. She built her tomb in the same relative position to the Pyramid of Menkhaure as the Great Sphinx is to the Pyramid of Khafre. And, she is the link between the 4th and 5th Dynasties. The three sons of Redjedet are considered the sons of Ra. They are viewed as “holy births.” They are not considered the seed of a king but of God. She is perpetuating the royal family outside the confines of a marriage/husband. And, she is not only taking the matter of royal reproduction into her own hands, but also the administration of the kingdom. It is no longer a priest (even of the order of Imhotep), but Ruddjedet (the "double lioness Rudi" being an epithet of the Sphinx) that stores up grain to sustain in a drought. The grain is put inside a box within a chest and bound up, symbolic again of Osiris and rebirth/germination. It will be possible to celebrate the Osiris Myth in good times (as in the Snefru episode) and bad. This motif was later recycled in the Biblical story of Benjamin and the sack of grain.
The Westcar Papyrus strongly indicates that the cults of Osiris and Isis were present in the Old Kingdom, however their development was slowed by the suppression of Khufu specifically and the dominance of the cult of Ra in general.
Royal women agreed to be endogamous with royal men. Royal men did not, but agreed that only the son of a royal woman could be successor. This contract ultimately resulted in the royal family becoming predominantly Matriarchal and with only the appearance of Patriarchal authority. Consequently, the Great Queen morphed from victim and vixen to a type of villain herself.
The Westcar Papyrus is a sophisticated indictment of the Egyptian 3rd and 4th Dynasties. They were not the megalithic masters that the modern world makes them out to be. And, they were sexist, misogynist dinosaurs to boot.
Given that the final four vignettes of the Westcar Papyrus feature a "femme fatale", we should expect that the lost first vignette had also. Biblical Joseph was seduced by the wife of Potiphar. Joseph endures a symbolic death on account of this. There is no mention of her punishment in the Biblical story, but times don't seem to have changed all that much. The wife of Potiphar the priest of Ra (On/Heliopolis) doesn't risk the possible fate of Ubainer's wife (in the 2nd vignette of the Westcar Papyrus). She claims that the "commoner" had molested her. However when Joseph is eventually exonerated, he is given the daughter of the Priest of On as his wife! A much later account of Imhotep mentions a kid sister (Renpetnefere) and credits Imhotep with saving her from the designs of Djoser. Also, in that tale, Imhotep engages in a priestly, magical duel with a female sorcerer of Mesopotamia.
This first vignette of the Westcar Papyrus was probably narrated by Kawab, the "eldest son" of Khufu. And, by association, the story about Djoser may actually serve to implicate Kawab (as the "Reuben" prince) of a sexual indiscretion that resulted in the loss of the succession ("birthright"). Certainly, in the second vignette, the end of the 3rd Dynasty is implicitly blamed on the ill judgment of Nebka (Huni) and his priest Ubainer when it came to sexual matters. The author/compiler of the Westcar definitely has a gender score to settle.
Other traditions indicate that Imhotep, “he who placates (Ra)”, had only relearned the skill of "dressing stone", which seems more consistent with restoration work on the Pyramid of Djoser (i.e., The Bent Pyramid) than raising a massive stone-core pyramid from the ground up.
The second vignette of the Westcar Papyrus is so misogynist that Miriam Lichtheim refused to even include it with the other vignettes in her compendium of ancient Egyptian literature. Even the Bible includes some absolutely horrific treatment of women. It is left open to interpretation whether that reflected the misogynist attitude of the author(s) or served, even as the Westcar Papyrus, as "an example of learning". The type of neutrality, ambivalence or insouciance is typical of the Bible and of royal culture in general.
The second vignette inverts the Osiris Myth. Instead of Osiris (Dumuzi / Adonis) being trapped in a deadly "love triangle" with two rival women, it is the woman in the role of Isis that falls victim to male rivalry. In another twist of the myth, the Adonis figure is repeatedly maligned as a "commoner" rather than respected as a young (albeit vain) god. The Isis figure lures the Osiris figure with a chest (of fine/effeminate clothes, and signaling his demise). They partake of wine and make love in a garden. He is also a ritual / compulsive bather in the Osiris tradition, and this provides the opportunity for his capture using a magical crocodile, which symbolized Set's attack on Osiris.
In the original myth, the hit-man Set and priestly Thoth are excused (as acting under orders) and it is the god Ra that is found guilty. There is also no mention of a conviction or punishment of Isis for her part in the drama. Pharaoh Nebka (in the place of Ra) and Ubainer (in the place of Thoth) are not explicitly accused, but are implicitly guilty of taking too much liberty with the passion play. They had no precedent or basis for subjecting the Osiris figure to a "double jeopardy" or for their "witch hunt" of the Isis figure. The king and priest are no longer protecting a noble/royal sister/wife, even in a private setting, but publicly condemning her!!
Khufu is also implicitly shamed, because he refuses to censure either Nebka or his priest, but only chalks it up to experience. Khufu is also subtly mocked by the vignette's mention of how the king Nebka and the priest Ubainer (Web-jan-r) had gone side-by-side to sacrifice at the temple of Ptah Ankh-Tawy (“Giving Life to the Two Lands”). This temple would have been closed by Khufu, and any reference to it, especially in a positive way, would have been an affront to Khufu.
In the third vignette, Khufu remains steadfast in his denial of other gods, and even when presented with evidence that his own father and immediate predecessor had willingly honored the memories of Ptah, Osiris and Isis.
In the fourth vignette, Khufu really isn't interested in reviving or restoring anything. He "spent the day" snooping around The Sanctuary of Thoth, but this doesn't ooze with diligence or persistence as some have translated the phrase. Khufu doesn't even want to mentor his own nominal sons, but expects them to school him on history and tradition. Instead of taking Prince Har-djed-ef under his own wing, he orders the aged Dedi to do the job. Khufu isn't even concerned with his own mortuary cult, and in the tradition of Ra, he presumably doesn't believe in the Afterlife. Instead of instructing that his temple receive abundant offerings (as he did for Djoser, Nebka and Snefru), he gives them all to the still living (if barely) priest Djedi. The jaded Khufu is contented with the mere thought that he will be part of a kingdom that lasted four generations.
In the fifth and final vignette, the fame of kings and princes is eclipsed by the rise of a new wife of a new priest of Ra. She is done with male ineptitude and takes the "bull by his horns". The next dynasty of Egypt will be ruled by her sons and they will be ruled by her! In the Westcar Papyrus, she is called Ruddjedet, but archaeology knows her as Khentkawes. She built her tomb in the same relative position to the Pyramid of Menkhaure as the Great Sphinx is to the Pyramid of Khafre. And, she is the link between the 4th and 5th Dynasties. The three sons of Redjedet are considered the sons of Ra. They are viewed as “holy births.” They are not considered the seed of a king but of God. She is perpetuating the royal family outside the confines of a marriage/husband. And, she is not only taking the matter of royal reproduction into her own hands, but also the administration of the kingdom. It is no longer a priest (even of the order of Imhotep), but Ruddjedet (the "double lioness Rudi" being an epithet of the Sphinx) that stores up grain to sustain in a drought. The grain is put inside a box within a chest and bound up, symbolic again of Osiris and rebirth/germination. It will be possible to celebrate the Osiris Myth in good times (as in the Snefru episode) and bad. This motif was later recycled in the Biblical story of Benjamin and the sack of grain.
The Westcar Papyrus strongly indicates that the cults of Osiris and Isis were present in the Old Kingdom, however their development was slowed by the suppression of Khufu specifically and the dominance of the cult of Ra in general.
Royal women agreed to be endogamous with royal men. Royal men did not, but agreed that only the son of a royal woman could be successor. This contract ultimately resulted in the royal family becoming predominantly Matriarchal and with only the appearance of Patriarchal authority. Consequently, the Great Queen morphed from victim and vixen to a type of villain herself.
a reply to: CharlesNPope
Everything most likely is cyclical, the stars and planets are just like a big clock. When a few of the numbers line up,A certain effect occurs. It is like a machine and is the some of its parts, The warming creates a drop in salinity and the great conveyor of heat from the Gulf stream stalls, The built-up heat causes greater hurricanes in the Gulf, Because most of the time it takes many lifetimes and it might not be noticed as there is time to slowly adjust, it's only the tipping points which seem to be of concern. Another question will be has technology saved us this time, or has it ultimately been a curse.
Everything most likely is cyclical, the stars and planets are just like a big clock. When a few of the numbers line up,A certain effect occurs. It is like a machine and is the some of its parts, The warming creates a drop in salinity and the great conveyor of heat from the Gulf stream stalls, The built-up heat causes greater hurricanes in the Gulf, Because most of the time it takes many lifetimes and it might not be noticed as there is time to slowly adjust, it's only the tipping points which seem to be of concern. Another question will be has technology saved us this time, or has it ultimately been a curse.
a reply to: anonentity
The Southern Hemisphere gets more solar radiation due to the Earth being closer to the Sun in summer for the Southern Hemisphere. So, that might be one of the reasons Antarctica receives less snowfall that the Arctic. Possibly there are other differences in climate when south is north and north is south. I doubt it has been studied much, why would it?
During and after a pole flip, there would naturally be mega earthquakes and volcanic eruptions followed by a deep freeze. Intuitively, a new Ice Age would be precipitated by a pole flip rather than a "knee-jerk reaction" to global warming. But, that may not be how it happens. We are currently witnessing a hysteresis effect to global warming in our very lifetimes. Global warming should be accelerating rapidly, but all of the meltwater into the Gulf Stream is moderating the climate. If the meltwater should decrease significantly, then what would then limit global warming? Will the Gulf Stream simply shut down and cause Europe to cool off? That may extend the hysteresis curve, but would it be enough to prevent runaway warming in the long run? Perhaps, if there continues to be sufficient snowfall in winter (that melts in summer) and if the Greenland glaciers remain somewhat in tact, then a balance could be reached. That would certainly be fortuitous to humans (or buy us a little more time), but it's probably wishful thinking.
The planet is in trouble, pole flip or not. We are not the dog. We are not the tail wagging the dog. We are a bad flea infestation on the dog (lol).
The Southern Hemisphere gets more solar radiation due to the Earth being closer to the Sun in summer for the Southern Hemisphere. So, that might be one of the reasons Antarctica receives less snowfall that the Arctic. Possibly there are other differences in climate when south is north and north is south. I doubt it has been studied much, why would it?
During and after a pole flip, there would naturally be mega earthquakes and volcanic eruptions followed by a deep freeze. Intuitively, a new Ice Age would be precipitated by a pole flip rather than a "knee-jerk reaction" to global warming. But, that may not be how it happens. We are currently witnessing a hysteresis effect to global warming in our very lifetimes. Global warming should be accelerating rapidly, but all of the meltwater into the Gulf Stream is moderating the climate. If the meltwater should decrease significantly, then what would then limit global warming? Will the Gulf Stream simply shut down and cause Europe to cool off? That may extend the hysteresis curve, but would it be enough to prevent runaway warming in the long run? Perhaps, if there continues to be sufficient snowfall in winter (that melts in summer) and if the Greenland glaciers remain somewhat in tact, then a balance could be reached. That would certainly be fortuitous to humans (or buy us a little more time), but it's probably wishful thinking.
The planet is in trouble, pole flip or not. We are not the dog. We are not the tail wagging the dog. We are a bad flea infestation on the dog (lol).
edit on 18-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
a reply to: CharlesNPope
The Djhanibekov flip also explains why places in the American Southwest, such as the Anasazi Pueblo and Chaco Canyon thrived for many centuries but had to be abandoned. When the North Pole was in the Hudson Bay, these locations were in a temperate zone with much more rain. However, as the North Pole moved on from the Hudson Bay, these locations returned to the arid subtropical zone where they are today.
Scott or other pole flip researchers may have suspected that the spiral pattern found next to sky gods in Native Indian pictographs of the Southwest (and in other places around the world) might actually be a graphical representation of the Djhanibekov pole flip. Makes more sense to me than other explanations I've heard.
www.pinterest.com...
www.ufo-contact.com...
www.mediastorehouse.com...
www.pinterest.com...
The Djhanibekov flip also explains why places in the American Southwest, such as the Anasazi Pueblo and Chaco Canyon thrived for many centuries but had to be abandoned. When the North Pole was in the Hudson Bay, these locations were in a temperate zone with much more rain. However, as the North Pole moved on from the Hudson Bay, these locations returned to the arid subtropical zone where they are today.
Scott or other pole flip researchers may have suspected that the spiral pattern found next to sky gods in Native Indian pictographs of the Southwest (and in other places around the world) might actually be a graphical representation of the Djhanibekov pole flip. Makes more sense to me than other explanations I've heard.
www.pinterest.com...
www.ufo-contact.com...
www.mediastorehouse.com...
www.pinterest.com...
edit on 19-2-2022 by CharlesNPope because: (no reason given)
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