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A deadly H1N1 virus spread from birds to people in 1918. People then passed the virus on to pigs and it's now one of the most common causes of respiratory disease in North American pig farms. Another pig/human virus was identified on a hog farm in North Carolina in 1998. Within a year, a hybrid of a human virus, a pig virus, and a bird virus spread throughout the United States. Some experts believe that new viruses are jumping between species at an unprecedented rate.
CDC Confirms Ties to Virus First Discovered in U.S. Pig Factories
A preliminary analysis of the H1N1 swine flu virus isolated from human cases in California and Texas reveals that six of the eight viral gene segments arose from North American swine flu strains circulating since 1998, when a new strain was first identified on a factory farm in North Carolina.
This genetic fingerprint, first released by Columbia University’s Center for Computation Biology and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,[1] has now been reportedly confirmed by researchers at the University of Edinburgh, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital and virologist Ruben Donis, chief of the molecular virology and vaccines branch at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr. Robert Webster, the director of the U.S. Collaborating Center of the World Health Organization, and considered the "godfather of flu research,"[2] is reported as saying "The triple reassortant in pigs [first discovered in the U.S. in 1998] seems to be the precursor."
The worst plague in human history was triggered by an H1N1 avian flu virus, which jumped the species barrier from birds to humans[3] and went on to kill as many as 50 to 100 million people in the 1918 flu pandemic.[4] No disease, war or famine ever killed so many people in so short a time. We then passed the virus to pigs, where it has continued to circulate, becoming one of the most common causes of respiratory disease on North American pig farms.[5]
In August 1998, however, a barking cough resounded throughout a North Carolina pig factory in which all the thousands of breeding sows fell ill.[6] A new swine flu virus was discovered on that factory farm, a human-pig hybrid virus that had picked up three human flu genes. By the end of that year, the virus acquired two gene segments from bird flu viruses as well, becoming a never-before-described triple reassortment virus—a hybrid of a human virus, a pig virus, and a bird virus—that triggered outbreaks in Texas, Minnesota, and Iowa. [7]
Within months, the virus had spread throughout the United States. Blood samples taken from 4,382 pigs across 23 states found that 20.5% tested positive for exposure to this triple hybrid swine flu virus by early 1999, including 100% of herds tested in Illinois and Iowa, and 90% in Kansas and Oklahoma. [8] According to the current analysis, published April 30 in the journal of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, it is from this pool of viruses that the current swine flu threat derives three-quarters of its genetic material. [9]
Two of the segments, Rabadan said, appear to come from Eurasia and are somewhat mysterious in origin. The six others can be traced to the North American pig outbreak, which turned out to include a combination of avian, swine and human flu.
“This virus was found in pigs here in the United States,” Rabadan said in an interview. “They were getting sick in 1998. It became a swine virus.”
It spread among pregnant sows in Newton Grove, N.C., causing them to abort their litters, and then to swine in Texas, Iowa and Minnesota — putting epidemiologists on alert about the new viral strain and the potential for a human outbreak.
A May 1999 N&O story titled "Disease detectives untangle mystery of mutant flu virus" (available in the paper's online archives) reported that the 1998 bug -- a pig virus "wrapped in a shell of human proteins" -- was isolated by a state government veterinary lab. Similar mutations are suspected in earlier flu outbreaks, including the 1918 Spanish flu that killed more than 20 million people worldwide.
The 1998 North Carolina outbreak began with pregnant sows developing high fevers. A state microbiologist who tested nasal samples taken from the animals was surprised to encounter a virus he didn't recognize -- and his alarm grew when he found that some of the sick animals had been immunized for ordinary swine flu, the N&O reported:
The state microbiologist investigating the 1998 outbreak sent samples of the virus to Dr. Robert Webster, a leading virologist at St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn. Webster identified them as a mix of human and swine virus and concluded the virus had originated in humans before jumping to pigs.
North Carolina public health officials tested workers at the Hog Slat farm who had come in contact with the infected pigs. Those tests showed that 10% of the workers had developed antibodies to the virus, meaning they had been infected although they apparently hadn't become ill.
At the time, health experts said they did not believe the new virus posed a threat to humans -- but admitted the potential was there for future problems:
• Children less than 5 years old.
• Persons aged 65 years or older.
• Children and adolescents under the age of 18 who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy and who might be at risk for experiencing Reye syndrome after influenza virus infection.
• Pregnant women.
• Adults and children who have chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, hematological, neurologic, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorders.
• Adults and children who have immunosuppression (including immunosuppression caused by medications or by HIV).
• Residents of nursing homes and other chronic-care facilities.
ny1.com...
Influenza A(H1N1) - update 40
www.who.int...
27 May 2009 -- As of 06:00 GMT, 27 May 2009, 48 countries have officially reported 13,398 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 95 deaths.
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases by country is given in the following table and map.
levels of influenza-like illness are higher than normal for this time of year. At this time, the majority of influenza viruses isolated in the United States are now novel H1N1 viruses.....
......While nation-wide influenza-like-illness surveillance is trending downward, localized outbreaks are ongoing and it’s likely that such outbreaks will continue over the summer. It’s uncertain how the novel H1N1 virus will affect the upcoming 2009-2010 influenza season.
NOT just the Canada one this year, it goes many years back
This quote by XOXO was concerning human to pig transmission of the virus........I posted a couple weeks ago that there was a second human to pig transmission........it was in the US.........I was not given the location........This info was withheld from the public by the CDC/GOV
Alabama 67 cases 0 deaths
Arkansas 12cases 0 deaths
Arizona 532 cases 3 deaths
California 553 cases 0 deaths
Colorado 68 cases 0 deaths
Connecticut 102 cases 0 deaths
Delaware 108 cases 0 deaths
Florida 139 cases 0 deaths
Georgia 28 cases 0 deaths
Hawaii 44 cases 0 deaths
Idaho 11cases 0 deaths
Illinois 927cases 0 deaths
Indiana 120 cases 0 deaths
Iowa 71 cases 0 deaths
Kansas 34 cases 0 deaths
Kentucky** 38cases 0 deaths
Louisiana 86 cases 0 deaths
Maine 9 cases 0 deaths
Maryland 44 cases 0 deaths
Massachusetts 286 cases 0 deaths
Michigan 178cases 0 deaths
Minnesota 44 cases 0 deaths
Mississippi 8 cases 0 deaths
Missouri 24 cases 1 deaths
Montana 12 cases 0 deaths
Nebraska 35cases 0 deaths
Nevada 50 cases 0 deaths
New Hampshire 27 cases 0 deaths
New Jersey 29 cases 0 deaths
New Mexico 97 cases 0 deaths
New York 456cases 2 deaths
North Carolina 13 cases 0 deaths
North Dakota 6 cases 0 deaths
Ohio 15 cases 0 deaths
Oklahoma 64 cases 0 deaths
Oregon 120 cases 0 deaths
Pennsylvania 95 cases 0 deaths
Rhode Island 11 cases 0 deaths
South Carolina 39 cases 0 deaths
South Dakota 4 cases 0 deaths
Tennessee 95 cases 0 deaths
Texas 1358 cases 3 deaths
Utah 122 cases 1 deaths
Vermont 2 cases 0 deaths
Virginia 25 cases 0 deaths
Washington 575 cases 1 death
Washington, D.C. 14 cases 0 deaths
Wisconsin 1130 cases 0 deaths
TOTAL*(48) 7,927 cases 11 deaths
CANBERRA, May 27 (Reuters) - An Australian state hit hardest by the H1N1 virus will carry out mass treatment with anti-viral drugs for people suspected of having so-called swine flu as the country's total number of confirmed cases near-doubled to 61.
Health authorities in Victoria, where 33 people have been confirmed with H1N1, said they would open special clinics to relieve hospitals and deal with the outbreak, administering anti-viral drugs to anyone with symptoms.