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Raw data from a 40-year-old study raises new questions about fats
Ramsden and his colleagues discovered what had been hidden for nearly half a century: records on 9,423 study participants, ages 20 to 97, all living in state mental hospitals or a nursing home. It was the largest experiment of its kind.
It was also one of the most rigorous. Participants were randomly assigned either to the group eating the then-standard diet, which was high in animal fats and margarines, or to a group in which vegetable oil and corn oil margarine replaced about half of those saturated fats. Such a randomized controlled trial is considered less likely to produce misleading results than observational studies, in which volunteers eat whatever they choose.
Analyzing the reams of old records, Ramsden and his team found, in line with the “diet-heart hypothesis,” that substituting vegetable oils lowered total blood cholesterol levels, by an average of 14 percent.
But that lowered cholesterol did not help people live longer. Instead, the lower cholesterol fell, the higher the risk of dying: 22 percent higher for every 30-point fall. Nor did the corn-oil group have less atherosclerosis or fewer heart attacks.
Critics of the demonization of saturated fat have long pointed out that key findings from landmark studies were never published. One, the Seven Countries Study, originally included many more nations. But in only seven did populations consuming lots of saturated fats have high levels of heart disease, prompting recent accusations of cherry-picking data.
That 1970 study was hugely influential, however, leading to congressional hearings and guidelines advising against eating saturated fat and arguing for the benefits of polyunsaturated fats.
What kind of salt?
originally posted by: GBP/JPY
a reply to: scubagravy
that's fats and good bad cholesteral....now what about salt intake and......mmmm....bacon?....he....he
originally posted by: EvidenceNibbler
What kind of salt?
originally posted by: GBP/JPY
a reply to: scubagravy
that's fats and good bad cholesteral....now what about salt intake and......mmmm....bacon?....he....he
Did you know that the majority of the population is deficient in Potassium?
Next time you pick up salt for the shaker, grab this, it's half Potassium Chloride.
originally posted by: bearclan
originally posted by: EvidenceNibbler
What kind of salt?
originally posted by: GBP/JPY
a reply to: scubagravy
that's fats and good bad cholesteral....now what about salt intake and......mmmm....bacon?....he....he
Did you know that the majority of the population is deficient in Potassium?
Next time you pick up salt for the shaker, grab this, it's half Potassium Chloride.
Back it up with legit studies.
Potassium is identified in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans as a nutrient to be increased in the diet (1), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation for Adequate Intake of potassium is 4700 mg per day (2).
In 2009-2010, the average dietary potassium intake of the U.S. population aged two years and older was 2640 mg per day. Intake of males overall was higher than females. although gender differences between those 2-5 years and 6-11 years were not significant. As shown in Figure 1, potassium intake of males increased through adulthood, with a decrease for those aged 60+ years. Increases in intakes of females were substantially smaller compared to males. These intakes have remained relatively unchanged since the mid-1990s, and are comparable to intakes observed in the 1994-1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (data not shown).
The sodium intake of participants of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study who were in three of the special population groups identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (those with hypertension, African Americans, and those ≥51 years) was analyzed to determine if they met sodium recommendations
like you claimed.
the majority of the population is deficient in Potassium?
originally posted by: vonclod
a reply to: EvidenceNibbler
What do they say about Magnesium? I think we don't get enough.
Current magnesium intakes in the US population are below recommended levels (400-420 mg/day for men and 310-320 mg/day for women). Dietary sources rich in magnesium include green leafy vegetables, unrefined grains, legumes, beans, and nuts.
The 2010 US Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting intake of sodium to 1500 mg/d for people older than 50 years, African Americans, and those suffering from chronic disease. The guidelines recommended that all other people consume less than 2300 mg sodium and 4700 mg of potassium per day. The theoretical feasibility of meeting the sodium and potassium guidelines while simultaneously maintaining nutritional adequacy of the diet was tested using food pattern modeling based on linear programming.
originally posted by: Chadwickus
a reply to: EvidenceNibbler
And that’s how science works.
Always changing, always evolving.