reply to post by Cyberbian
Sir, you are a worthy opponent in this debate!
Forgive me, I assumed you were referring to the legends being taken around the world by the Vikings in the 9th to the 11th centuries.
My first point is that most of what you have argued relates to the etymology of the English word 'hell'. I am aware of these things, but they are
irrelevant. The derivation of a word is not the same as the origin of a concept. There are, for example, numerous words for 'Heaven' ('Paradise',
'glory', 'Zion', 'the city of God', 'the skies', etc.). If, for argument's sake, you could demonstrate that the word 'Paradise' originated
from the language of a tribe that believed in pink fairies and their eternal abode, it would have no bearing on the existence of another place which
the word later came to
denote, namely the dwelling place of the Maker of Heaven and earth. The question is, where did the concept, the idea of
'hell' originate?
You have argued that the Vikings wrote of such things at the end of the Ice Age, at the limit of human history. That is a good argument. However I
held back an argument which trumps it. Those of us who believe the Bible have evidence that goes back even further. We believe the Ice Age was the
result of a global flood. Thus if we had literature predating the flood which speaks of hell it would suggest that the Vikings had obtained their
ideas on the subject from elsewhere.
I have in my hands a book some of whose words may well be positively primordial. It is, I believe, unparalleled in this sense. It could be argued that
- with respect to antiquity - these passages make the Rosetta Stone look like a treatise of the post-modern era. The book is not counted among the
canonical books of the Bible, but has always been highly respected, along with the other works which are collectively known as the 'Apocrypha'.
(They are regarded by Protestants as profitable for reading, but not infallible as to their teaching. Some R. Catholics regard them as having equal
weight as the Bible. I will come back to this in brief, later.)
The book in question is 1 Enoch. Although it may only have been written down a couple of centuries before Christ, at least some elements are the
result of oral tradition handed down from time immemorial. (As I'm sure you're aware ancient cultures to some degree valued such oral passing down
of history as highly as written accounts, and each successive generation committed the sayings to memory verbatum.) The book claims to be a collection
of the sayings of Enoch, great-grandfather of Noah. It has much to say about hell.
From there I travelled to another place... and I saw terrible things - a great fire burning and flaming there. And the place had a narrow cleft
(extending) to the abyss, full of great pillars of fire, borne downward...
Then I said, "How terrible is this place and fearful to look at!" Then Uriel answered me, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said to me,
"Enoch, why are you so frightened and shaken?" And I replied, "Because of this terrible place and because of the fearful sight." And he said, This
place is a prison for the angels. Here they will be confined forever."
1 Enoch 21:7-10
But is this really referring to 'hell', the destination of people who according to the Bible have left this life in rebellion against their
Maker?
Then He will also say to those on His left, "Depart from Me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the Devil and his angels!"
Jesus in Matthew 25:41
Anyone who thinks this is some kind of joke would do well to at least take five minutes of their life and read the whole passage in which this is
found (-Matthew 25:31-46).
But is there any way of knowing that Enoch, Noah's great-grandfather, believed these things? As it happens, there is. In an unusual quirk of the
Bible, Enoch is specifically quoted as a prophet who spoke of the future judgement of all the ungodly, and the quote matches what he says in 1 Enoch
1:9.
Look! The Lord comes with thousands of his holy ones
to execute judgement on all,
and to convict them of all their ungodly deeds
that they have done in an ungodly way,
and of all the harsh things ungodly sinners have said against Him.
Jude 14&15
The concept of hell originates in Jewish teaching so ancient it predates the flood, and thus the Ice Age. The fact that other cultures later displayed
knowledge of these things is the result of knowledge that spread throughout the inhabited earth from the ancient Middle East, which was the crucible
in which civilization was born.