Somnambulism differs between adults and children because a good part of early childhood sleeping patterns are confined to Slow Wave Sleep (known as
SWS for short), and as a subject gradually gets older the percentage of sleep time spent in this stage gradually decreases. During SWS it is much
easier to wake a subject than if most of their sleep time is spent in REM and thus the percentage of cases of Somnambulism increases in younger
children. Oftentimes the brain can become confused and instable when there is a greater overlap of sleep cycles. In other words, REM can be
overlapped with SWS sleep and at this time the brain cannot decide which pattern it is conforming to, thus creating confusion and a greater chance of
confusion between being awake and asleep. As someone gets older, usually after puberty, their body slowly converts over to a greater percentage REM
sleep, and only during certain periods of REM is a subject in between stages enough sleepwalk, sleeptalk, or other various things. In young children
the sleep cycles are still very undeveloped and they do not have the ability to regulate themselves, and this can transfer over to adulthood if the
nervous system does not fully develop. There are certain predisposed medical conditions that can increase the likelihood that someone will suffer from
a reoccurance of Somnambulism. In fact, common triggers for Somnambulism include stress, fatigue, anxiety, sleep apnea, Thyroid problems, and even
people with Migraines are among those with a higher rate of observable traits that are more likely to be affected by this disorder.
One question for anyone suffering from this affliction…are any of you on anti-psychotic medications? There have been parallels drawn between the
number of reported cases of Somnambulism and people taking medication because of psychotic episodes that can become a factor in their predisposal to
have sleep disorders. Lithium, Risperidone, Olanzapine have been known to cause sleep disorders. In fact, there have been studies in which
Olanzapine has been directly associated with an increase in SWS, and an increase in doses of Clozapine have been noted to cause a decrease in SWS and
therefore a less likely chance that the subject would develop sleep disorders. If any of this is the case, you may want to check with your physician
to see if a side-effect from your medications may be responsible. Genetics can play a key role in sleep disorders as it is known that the gene that
triggers Narcolepsy called DQB1 may in fact be responsible for behavioral problems during REM where the brain cannot decide which sleep state to be
in. During REM the body slowly releases a chemical called Hypocretin that is responsible for paralyzing the body during sleep, but this chemical is
lacking in subjects who suffer from Narcolepsy and Insomnia. Essentially, there may be active genetic mechanisms that are causing sleep disorders
rather than being environmentally induced conditions like stress. Another such study found that the genetic mechanisms responsible for the regulation
of Circadian sleep may be underdeveloped and specific proteins called CKle could be responsible for irregular sleep patterns and insomnia, which are
known factors that cause Somnambulism in adults.
Now, as far as effective treatment methods go I wouldn’t think it would be necessary to take medication unless otherwise necessary if the subject
gets injured during their bout with Somnambulism. If injuries continue then there are some medications used to treat it such as Benzodiazepine, but
it should be noted that side-effects from the medication can often make the condition worse. Usually medications are only prescribed if the subject
injures themselves or others…as you have probably heard there have been cases of violent sleep sex disorders where someone will strangle, punch, or
even rape their partner during a state of deep sleep. Valium often works to curb the effects of this violent form of Somnambulism.
Here is one source (from Stanford University) that may help answer a few other questions about Somnambulism:
Stanford: Sleep disorders .
On a side note- I have been told that I regularly sleep walk and sleep talk, nothing of which I have neither any recollection of, nor any physical
indications of after the event. Variable sleep patterns are said to be common among adults as in the article provided by Anglosaxon stated, and even
more common in children, so I wouldn’t worry too much unless your own sleep patterns cause you or others injury or adverse embarrassment.
[edit on 11-7-2007 by Jazzerman]