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U.S. May Be Forced to Go Back to U.N. for Iraq Mandate
By CHRISTOPHER MARQUIS
ASHINGTON, July 18 � The Bush administration, which spurned the United Nations in its drive to depose Saddam Hussein in Iraq, is finding itself forced
back into the arms of the international body because other nations are refusing to contribute peacekeeping troops or reconstruction money without
United Nations approval.
With the costs of stabilizing Iraq hovering at $4 billion a month and with American troops being killed at a steady rate, administration officials
acknowledge that they are rethinking their strategy and may seek a United Nations resolution for help that would placate other nations, like India,
France and Germany.
Administration officials contend that they are being practical, but within their ranks are policy makers sharply critical of the United Nations and
those who would consider it humiliating to seek its mantle after risking American lives in the invasion that ousted Mr. Hussein.
The administration's quandary deepened today, when Russia announced that it would consider sending peacekeeping troops but only with a United Nations
mandate that set out a specific mission and timetable.
President Bush's meeting this week with Kofi Annan, the United Nations secretary general, was part of a flurry of consultations in recent days
between administration and United Nations officials. Condoleezza Rice, the national security adviser, reached out to diplomats on the Security
Council, and Secretary of State Colin L. Powell emerged from a meeting with the German foreign minister, Joschka Fischer, saying he was discussing
ways to expand international support for the Iraq occupation, including seeking a new United Nations resolution.
Mr. Powell said Security Council Resolution 1483, which was approved in May and calls on all members to assist in Iraq's reconstruction, should be
enough "cover" for countries to claim an endorsement from the United Nations. But he acknowledged that the nations that matter most are not buying
that.
"There are some nations who have expressed the desire for more of a mandate from the United Nations, and I am in conversations with some ministers
about this, as well as with the secretary general of the United Nations," Mr. Powell said.
The discussions reflect a growing sense that the reconstruction of Iraq will require a new international alliance. For all their rapid success in the
military phase, the American-led forces are struggling to establish stability and normalcy in Iraq. A Pentagon advisory panel that just returned from
Iraq reported a pressing need for international assistance.
Even supporters of the administration's policy say its efforts are in jeopardy, and minute military planning gave way to disarray once the major
combat ended.
"It's increasingly clear there was really some underestimation of the number of people who would be required after the regime fell, and the length
of time required to stay there," said Paul Saunders, director of the Nixon Center, a nonpartisan research organization whose honorary chairman is
Henry A. Kissinger.
Mr. Saunders said there were two reasons for the United States to go back to the United Nations.
"It would be helpful to diffuse responsibility for this massive undertaking, and share any dissatisfaction with others and not be the sole target
ourselves," he said. "Externally, it's also helpful in rebuilding some of the relationships that were strained in the dispute over going in."
Several nations have chafed at the idea of submitting their troops to American-British control. Others, which clashed with the United States and
withheld support for a resolution authorizing war, want to tweak Washington for disregarding them.
India dealt the administration a sharp blow this week, refusing to send peacekeeping troops unless they operated under the auspices of the United
Nations. The administration, which had lobbied New Delhi strenuously, had been hoping for a full division of 17,000 peacekeepers, which would have
made India the second largest military presence in Iraq after the United States.
The administration had been particularly eager to enlist the Indians, because their presence is widely seen as a bellwether for numerous other
developing countries.