Look carefully at this commercial movie of the Northrop-Grunman B-2 :
www.is.northropgrumman.com...]B-2
Passage of B2 into transonic to the top of the sea. Migration of the electric discharge (MHD) in the water vapor environment. Sequence isolated and
converted into GIF animated by Christophe Tardy.
To notice that the blue glow interests only the higher part of the apparatus. B2 is equipped with a system of creation of plasma using the ambient
air flow as generating MHD which allows him, even in subsonic configuration, to be surrounded plasma. This last is not visible of day. It is this
plasma which makes the apparatus furtive while absorbing and by diffusing the waves radar. If this "B2 of demonstration" were not to it people would
be tempted to put question since a priori it has reputation to be undetectable.
In film this "minimal" system MHD is activated. Normally the electric discharge would not have a visible being. But when the apparatus flies over
the sea, a zone saturated with moisture, it carries out a passage into transonic. Let us represent hereafter a profile of wing in transonic mode. At
the time one one approaches the speed of sound of the phenomena "of tompressibility" apparears the vicinity of the thickest part of the profile
(area materialized by a line).
Wing and fuselage of plane with transonic rate.
It is in this area that occurs a water vapor condensation, in general fugitive because the planes are not designed to accomplish flights of long
duration to this transonic pace where they are in addition unstable. When an apparatus crosses the wall of the sound it is a beach speed where it does
not tend to be delayed. Idem when it slows down. Hereafter a photograph of a F-18 flying to the top of the sea into transonic. It then appears a
variable nebulosity of extension which is obviously of white color, since it is... water vapor.
F-18 carrying out a passage into transonic in the air saturated with moisture.
In the movie with the B-2, we have something ttotally different :
Look at the light on the back of the plane :
What does one observe?
On the part higher of the apparatus, where system MHD is, mainly localised than the air intake of the engines and at exit of conduit the vapor
bubble is strongly luminous. It is normal. The populated air of water vapor microphone-droplets is more conductive electricity. The electric discharge
then tends to extend in all this area. Obviously this vapor bubble emits light, which is due to the radiative de-energizing of the molecules of gas
excited by the collisions that they undergo with the free electrons constituting the discharge. This luminosity is very low, even non-existent on the
lower part of the apparatus.
How the Air Force did let pass such images? With our opinion because nobody paid attention there. Under normal conditions (those which correspond to
all the other images of film) the electric discharge is not visible. This one appeared during a short moment because the water vapor condensation
related to the passage into transonic abruptly increased the electric conductivity of the air. These images were entrusted to a company whose task
then was to assemble this film of a little more than one minute. Nobody then paid too much attention to the colouring and the luminosity abnormal of
the vapor bubble during this very short sequence. One needed the eye of a specialist to note this anomaly.
Morality: even when one takes great care to hide the things of the clues always remain. On the image hereafter, the same phenomenon of halation
around B2 but system MHD not activated.
Translation by Nans Desmichels of an article in french of Jean-Pierre PETIT, released Juanary,17 th 2003 o, his homepage :
www.jp-petit.com...
[Edited on 14-6-2003 by Nans DESMICHELS]