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But these effects occur over vast distances and at frequencies that are hard to measure and difficult to separate from background noise. Which is why DEMETER was launched , (DEMETER stands for Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions).
Now Michael Athanasiou at the Technical University of Serres in Greece and a few buddies say that DEMETER spotted good of evidence of a change in ultralow frequency radio waves in the ionosphere above Haiti in the run up to the quake. "The results reveal a significant increase of the energy of ULF waves, up to 360%, for a period of one month before the main earthquake compared with the energy of the background," they say. That's a dramatic increase. These emissions dropped gradually in the month after the quake.
Some monitoring stations have reported that earthquakes are sometimes preceded by a spike in ULF activity. A remarkable example of this occurred before the Loma Prieta Earthquake in California in 1989.[citation needed] Researchers are attempting to learn more about this correlation to find out whether this method can be used as part of an early warning system for earthquakes.
Enticed with tantalizing but inconclusive evidence, researchers have searched since 1982 for a signal to predict earthquakes. They have monitored extra-low frequency (ELF) and very-low frequency (VLF) radio waves from satellites and from the ground.
New findings suggest researchers may find what they seek at even lower frequencies, said Antony Fraser-Smith, an electrical engineer at Stanford University's Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience (STAR) Laboratory.
In 1989, in the days before the Loma Prieta earthquake, Fraser-Smith detected huge radio signals in the ultra-low frequency (ULF) range, 0.01 to 10 hertz, with an instrument placed 7 kilometers from the epicenter.
Scientists from five countries subsequently presented data at the recent meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in San Francisco that support a connection between ULF radio signals and earthquakes above magnitude 5.0.
Some of the main scientific findings from HAARP include:
1. Generation of very low frequency radio waves by modulated heating of the auroral electrojet, useful because generating VLF waves ordinarily requires gigantic antennas
2. Production of weak luminous glow (below what you can see with your eye, but measurable) from absorption of HAARP's signal
3. Production of extremely low frequency waves in the 0.1 Hz range, which are next to impossible to produce any other way
4. Generation of whistler-mode VLF signals which enter the magnetosphere, and propagate to the other hemisphere, interacting with Van Allen radiation belt particles along the way
5. VLF remote sensing of the heated ionosphere
Research at the HAARP includes:
1. Ionospheric heating
2. plasma line observations
3. Stimulated electron emission observations
4. Gyro frequency heating research
5. Spread F observations
6. Airglow observations
7. Heating induced scintillation observations
8. VLF and ELF generation observations [5]
9. Radio observations of meteors
10. Polar mesospheric summer echoes: PMSE have been studied using the IRI as a powerful radar, as well as with the 28 MHz radar, and the two VHF radars at 49 MHz and 139 MHz. The presence of multiple radars spanning both HF and VHF bands allows scientists to make comparative measurements that may someday lead to an understanding of the processes that form these elusive phenomena.
11. Research on extraterrestrial HF radar echos: the Lunar Echo experiment (2008).[6][7]
12. Testing of Spread Spectrum Transmitters (2009)
13. Meteor shower impacts on the ionosphere
14. Response and recovery of the ionosphere from solar flares and geomagnetic storms
15. The effect of ionospheric disturbances on GPS satellite signal quality
Work on the HAARP Station began in 1993. The current working IRI was completed in 2007, and its prime contractor was BAE Advanced Technologies.
4. -- THE MYSTERIOUS 0.9 Hz ALFVEN RESONANCE Since the early days of radio, in the age of Nikolai Tesla, it has been known the earth has a natural electromagnetic resonance. If a radio signal is sent out from point A it will then travel around to the opposite side of the planet, the antipode at point B, and then continue to travel around back to point A. If a new signal is sent at the same time the first signal arrives back, then the two will add together and seem to resonate constructively.
To calculate that resonant frequency is simple. Take the speed of the radio waves (speed of light), and divide by the distance traveled (circumference of the earth). Then 186,000 mi/s divided by 24,000 mi results in 7.75 /s or about 8 Hz. This is called the first Schumann Resonance of the earth. It is assumed radio static from large lightning discharges follow this pattern and can be heard on a ULF radio receiver as overlapping random ringing damped waves at 8 Hz.
If you take your receiver and tune below the Schumann Resonance down to about 0.9 or 1 Hz you will hear static from yet another resonant source. The cause of this Alfven Resonance is a complete mystery. It would imply there is some other path radio waves can follow which has a round trip path 8 times the size of the earth. Or it may mean there is a medium through which the radio waves travel which is 8 times slower than the speed of light. It might mean a combination of the two. It can only be a change in the speed of light or a longer distance traveled. As yet no one knows.
When radio waves or light rays travel through water or glass they are slowed down to about 3/4 the speed of light. This accounts for the bending of light at air/water interfaces or by prisms. If radio waves travel through ionized gas they also are slowed down depending on the "plasma frequency" which is a function of the temperature, density and the species of ions which make up the plasma. If radio waves travel through the rocks of the earth they too are slowed down depending on the density and make-up of the rock. As a result there are primarily three schools of thought about the source of the Alfven Resonance. These are: (1) magnetospheric, (2) ionospheric and (3) lithospheric interactions with radio waves.
Many of the members of the Elfrad group would fit into the third lithospheric group. The theory is, stresses in deep rocks in the lithoshpere created by seismic or magmatic activity can cause piezo-electric signals which radiate from the source, but due to some resonance of the rock and the distance between the crust and mantle, the signals are strongest at the resonance point which might be the Alfven Frequency. As a result the Alfven Resonance may not be due to radio waves in the air, but is actually coming from the earth due to random seismic activity around the planet. This area of study has been pursued for over 20 years, as yet, there are many indications but no clear proof has come forth.
The second line of thought, ionospheric Alfven waves, has many supporters and researchers with large grants for research. Among these are teams at HAARP, along with European and Russian researchers, possibly using the EISCAT and SURA ionospheric heater facilities. The basic concept here is somehow waves travel through the thin plasma between the top of the ionosphere, the F layer, and below the magnetosphere several thousand miles above the surface, and at a speed much slower than the speed of light. There are some problems with this theory, one being, what is the source of the waves and how did they get there. But there are a number of researchers who just in the last 2 years feel they are right on the edge of proving maser-like interactions in layers of ions below the magnetosphere are the source of the Alfven Resonance.
The third group, Magnetospheric Alfven waves, seems to have few proponents, or they have not yet published or I simply haven't read their papers. But there is the possibility waves can travel through the plasma of the magnetosphere itself and just as the electrons are bounced back and forth from north to south magnetic pole, they may be grouped in bunches such that their density rises and falls at a 1 Hz rate. This would of course need to be along the longest path of the magnetosphere, which is along the orbit of earth. The magnetosphere in the direction of the sun is compressed by the solar wind bow shock and would be a shorter path. And the magnetosphere path away from the sun is discontinuous since it forms a long conical tail also shaped by the solar wind.
The magnetospheric tail itself, may in fact be a source of another theory for magnetospheric Alfven waves. If a thunderstorm produces those strange red and blue sprites and elves, the rising plasma jets from these phenomena may radiate electromagnetic waves upward in the direction of the magnetic tail. Under certain solar wind conditions the shape of the magnetic tail may act as a corner reflector and send the radio waves right back to the very thunderstorm which created them, which would then trigger another sprite or elf which then radiates back to the magnetic tail and ... well, possibly an electromagnetic radiation path with a total path length about 8 times the circumference of the earth resonating as long as the thunderstorm is active, with a resonant frequency of 0.9 to 1 Hz.
What this shows is, there is a tight horse race among many researchers all looking in different places for the source of the mysterious Alfven Resonance at 0.9 Hz. It would seem the lithospheric group is being left out in the cold, while most of the grant money is going to the ionospheric group. Among the grantors of science funding, those people who build radios and then strangely bury their antennas in the ground are often viewed as being like those hardy folk who eat dirt and drink motor oil for breakfast. Thus most of the grant money goes to places like HAARP.
This also points out the reason for the extreme mystery and secrecy surrounding the projects at HAARP. If you want to find out what is happening at HAARP the only place you might find out is during a cocktail party after an international geophysical conference. Even then if you are lucky enough to collar a researcher, he will only give you a wink and a nod, and that's about it. Why? Well, he doesn't want his competitors and fellow researchers to know what he's doing. He wants to collect his data, write his paper, be first to get into the Journal of Geophysical Research, and then proudly stake his claim as the discoverer of the source of the Alfven Resonance. All that creates an aura of academic secrecy around the HAARP activities which is even tighter than a place like, say, Los Alamos Labs.
With an environment of such high secrecy, the public is inclined to believe all manner of secret military activities such as, futuristic weapons, weather and mind control projects along with possibly communication with ETs, are all occurring at HAARP. When in fact, most of the secrecy is due to normal academic behavior when a scientific breakthrough is about to occur. But then again, a prime reason for all the secrecy at HAARP is...the US Navy.
Originally posted by Ferris.Bueller.II
ULF = Ultra Low Frequency
HAARP = High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program
Ultra low frequency
A.3 Arecibo, HIPAS, and HAARP ELF/VLF Experiments
The high power HF ionospheric heating facilities at the Arecibo, HIPAS, and HAARP Observatories
have been used in a number of campaigns to modulate ionospheric current systemsw at
ELF/VLF frequencies in order to produce ELF/VLF waves. At Arecibo, the equatorial dynamo
current was modulated and ELF/VLF waves were produced over the frequency range of 500 Hz
to 5 kHz using a heater frequency of approximately 3 MHz and a total HF input power of 800
kW, with an ERP of 160 - 320 MW [Ferraro et al., 1982]. There was also evidence that the
HF heater sometimes created ducts along which VLF signals could propagate into the conjugate
ionosphere [ it M. Starks, 2000].
At HIPAS, the HF heater was used to create ELF/VLF waves through three different modulation
techniques, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, and beat-frequency modulation
[Wong et al.,1995]. Amplitude modulation appeared to be generally the most efficient. The
generation of ELF/VLF waves at HIPAS was most successful when the electrojet was overhead,
when there was low D region absorption, and when energetic particle precipitation and visible
aurora were not overhead [Wong et al.,1996]. Enhancement of the ELF/VLF wave amplitude
could sometimes be achieved by pointing the HF beam in a direction other than vertical, leading
to the conclusion that ELF/VLF wave production is optimized when the HF beam has is pointed
toward the electrojet position [Garnier et al., 1998].
6) The amplitude of the ELF waves was essentially independent of the ERP of the HF signal, but depended only on the total HF power delivered to the ionosphere. 7) The ratio of heating to cooling time constants ranged from 1 at 510 Hz to 0.3 at 6 kHz. The Tromsø facility was also used to excite ULF waves in the 1.67 - 700 mHz frequency range
No wave-injection experiments were carried out in the lower ELF and ULF range using the Siple Station, Antarctica, transmitter, since the Siple transmitter was not usable at frequencies below about 1.2 kHz. However, there have been other attempts at generating ULF waves.
For example, the U. S. Navy VLF transmitter at Cutler, Maine, was square wave modulated at frequencies of 0.2, 1, and 5 Hz over the course of one month [Willis and Davis, 1976]. Micropulsations occurred on a number of occasions at harmonics of the transmitter modulation frequency. These events all occurred in the quieting period following geomagnetically active days. In addition, as mentioned above, The Tromsø facility has been used to excite ULF waves in the Pc 5 frequency range [Stubbe and Kopka, 1981.
Originally posted by Xcathdra
If we are going to buy into the HAARP theory, then please include the other countries who also have similar programs - namely China. Check the Conspiracy theory behind hurricane Katrina and Chinese involvement, and the result since then.
The US is on year 5 for "lucking out" of being hit by a hurricane. There seems to be some type of concstant high pressure system near the gulf of mexico entrance.