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Provided are an apparatus and a method for recoding neuronal signals. The apparatus may include a substrate with an electrode region, a plurality of stimulation electrodes arranged on the electrode region to have a specific arrangement, and at least one recording electrode provided between adjacent ones of the stimulation electrodes and attached with an axon of the neuronal cell. Each of the stimulation electrodes may be attached with a body of a neuronal cell.
Researchers have begun to show that it is possible to use brain recordings to reconstruct aspects of an image or movie clip someone is viewing, a sound someone is hearing or even the text someone is reading. A new study by University of Pennsylvania and Thomas Jefferson University scientists brings this work one step closer to actual mind reading by using brain recordings to infer the way people organize associations between words in their memories.
This review focuses on the application of nanomaterials for neural interfacing.
The junction between nanotechnology and neural tissues can be particularly
worthy of scientific attention for several reasons: (i) Neural cells are electroactive,
and the electronic properties of nanostructures can be tailored to match
the charge transport requirements of electrical cellular interfacing. (ii) The
unique mechanical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are critical for
integration with neural tissue as long-term implants. (iii) Solutions to many
critical problems in neural biology/medicine are limited by the availability of
specialized materials. (iv) Neuronal stimulation is needed for a variety of
common and severe health problems. This confluence of need, accumulated
expertise, and potential impact on the well-being of people suggests the
potential of nanomaterials to revolutionize the field of neural interfacing. In this
review, we begin with foundational topics, such as the current status of neural
electrode (NE) technology, the key challenges facing the practical utilization of
NEs, and the potential advantages of nanostructures as components of chronic
implants. After that the detailed account of toxicology and biocompatibility of
nanomaterials in respect to neural tissues is given. Next, we cover a variety of
specific applications of nanoengineered devices, including drug delivery, imaging,
topographic patterning, electrode design, nanoscale transistors for
high-resolution neural interfacing, and photoactivated interfaces. We also
critically evaluate the specific properties of particular nanomaterials—including
nanoparticles, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes—that can be taken advantage
of in neuroprosthetic devices. The most promising future areas of research and
practical device engineering are discussed as a conclusion to the review.
abeverage
reply to post by Kantzveldt
Ah not a Goblin Queen...wait....A Borg Queen.
Or one of her better known adjuncts
Why do I smell honey and hear the drones, Resistance is Futile!