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Originally posted by Hanslune
Yes that what he (Hapgood) suggested but that doesn’t mean you should believe him and one must ask why is the information for the caribbean so wrong?
Professor Charles H. Hapgood, of Keene College, contacted the US Air Force in 1960. In 1961, he received a response from the 8th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron's Cartographic section;
8 RECONNAISSANCE TECHNICAL SQUADRON (SAC)
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
Westover Air Force Base, Mass.
14 Aug 61
Mr. Charles H. Hapgood
Keene Teachers College
Keene, N.H.
Dear Professor Hapgood:
It is not very often that we have an opportunity to evaluate maps of ancient origin. The Piri Reis (1513) and Oronteus Fineaus (1531) maps sent to us by you, presented a delightful challenge, for it was not readily conceivable that they could be so accurate without being forged. With added enthusiasm we accepted this challenge and have expended many off duty hours evaluating your manuscript and the above maps. I am sure you will be pleased to know we have concluded that both of these maps were compiled from accurate original source maps, irrespective of dates. The following is a brief summary of our findings:
a. The solution of the portolano projection used by Admiral Piri Reis, ..checked in relationship to the grid computed by Mr. Richard W. Strachan (MIT), there is remarkably close agreement...It is our opinion that those who compiled the original map had an excellent knowledge of the continents covered by this map.
b. As stated by Colonel Harold Z. Ohlmeyer in his letter (July 6, 1960) to you, the Princess Martha Coast of Queen Maud Laud, Antarctica, appears to be truly represented on the southern sector of the Piri Reis map. The agreement of the Piri Reis Map with the seismic profile of this area made by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Expedition of 1949, supported by your solution of the grid, places beyond a reasonable doubt the conclusion that the original source maps must have been made before the present Antarctic ice cap covered the Queen Maud Land coasts.
c. It is our opinion that the accuracy of the cartographic features shown in the Oronteus Fineaus Map (1531) suggests, beyond a doubt, that it also was compiled from accurate source maps of Antarctica, but in this case of the entire continent. Close examination has proved the original source maps must have been compiled at a time when the land mass and inland waterways of the continent were relatively free of ice. ..The comparison also suggests that the original source maps (compiled in remote antiquity) were prepared when Antarctica was presumably free of ice. The Cordiform Projection used by Oronteus Fineaus suggests the use of advanced mathematics. Further, the shape given to the Antarctic continent suggests the possibility, if not the probability, that the original source maps were compiled on a stereographic or gnomic type of projection (involving the use of spherical trigonometry).
d. We are convinced that the findings made by you and your associates are valid, and that they raise extremely important questions affecting geology and ancient history, questions which certainly require further investigation.
We thank you for extending us the opportunity to have participated in the study of these maps. The following officers and airmen volunteered their time to assist Captain Lorenzo W. Burroughs in this evaluation: Captain Richard E. Covault, CWO Howard D. Minor, MSgt Clifton M. Dover, MSgt David C. Carter, TSgt James H. Hood, SSgt James L. Carroll, and A1C Don R. Vance.
Antarctica Maps from Forbidden History
No I was expecting you to be knowledgeable about the PR map
Originally posted by MapMistress
Those islands on the Piri Reis map are not the Caribbean islands, but rather islands off the deglaciated coast of Antarctica!
If you are going to attack Hapgood as well...then I guess that means a simultaneous attack on the military.
Originally posted by MapMistress
Actually there's no such thing as one long ice age. The ice age happens in cycles. When the northern hemisphere is frozen, the southern hemisphere is melted due to the axis of the Earth. Because the north pole (Arctic Ocean) is all water, when the Northern hemisphere freezes the sea levels drop. But when the southern hemisphere is melted--there's land. When the southern hemisphere is frozen (like now) ice sheets cover Antarctica's land mass and the northern hemisphere melts.
The cycle lasts roughly 120,000-125,000 years and starts all over again. There's never been one constant long ice age, just cycles of freezes and melts. And POLLEN data shows that Antarctica melts each cycle.
Originally posted by Essan
I will state quite categorically that the military officer who studied the map and drew that conclusion in the 1950s was very mistaken.
Letter from another military officer researching the Piri Reis map to Hapgood.
6, July, 1960
Subject: Admiral Piri Reis Map
TO: Prof. Charles H. Hapgood
Keene College
Keene, New Hampshire
Dear Professor Hapgood,
Your request of evaluation of certain unusual features of the Piri Reis map of 1513 by this organization has been reviewed.
The claim that the lower part of the map portrays the Princess Martha Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctic, and the Palmer Peninsular, is reasonable. We find that this is the most logical and in all probability the correct interpretation of the map.
The geographical detail shown in the lower part of the map agrees very remarkably with the results of the seismic profile made across the top of the ice-cap by the Swedish-British Antarctic Expedition of 1949.
This indicates the coastline had been mapped before it was covered by the ice-cap.
The ice-cap in this region is now about a mile thick.
We have no idea how the data on this map can be reconciled with the supposed state of geographical knowledge in 1513.
Harold Z. Ohlmeyer Lt. Colonel, USAF Commander
from Antarctica- not always so cold and remote
In 1953, a Turkish naval officer sent the Piri Reis map to the Chief Engineer of the United States Navy Hydrographic Office. To evaluate it, the Chief Engineer asked the aid of Captain Mallery, an authority on old maps, who had previously worked with him.
After a long study, Mallery discovered the projection method used. Confirming this and other technical points, the Navy cartographers came to these conclusions:
1. Columbus had a map, on his historic voyage to America, which showed the coasts of Yucatan, Guatemala, South America to the Straits of Magellan and a large part of the Antarctic coast.
2. The original maps went back at least 5,000 years, and some data shown went back even farther. Part of the land areas shown had been buried under ice for twenty centuries or more.
3. Only highly trained survey teams and cartographers could have produced charts of such "amazing accuracy." Their operations must have covered the entire earth.
Piri Reis map from Sacred Texts
As for how Antarctica would look without ice, that's actually quite a difficult question.
Originally posted by Essan
Not sure what palynological data you're referring to?
This north-south asymmetry is consistent with the bipolar seesaw hypothesis which proposes a response to changes in the thermohaline circulation and heat transport, causing Antarctica to cool when Greenland warms and vice versa Broecker-1998.
-snip-
After a small cooling (0.6°C) at 11 kyr BP, SSTs exhibited a broad maximum between 5.5 and 8 kyr BP, reaching the highest values of the whole record (19.8°C) at 7.5 kyr BP. The record shows small SST variability during this Holocene broad thermal maximum, a period followed by a gradual decrease of 2°C towards modern SST values.
Antarctic deglacial pattern in a 30 kyr record
Hall, B.L. 2009. Holocene glacial history of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 2213-2230.
...in several areas, ice extent was less than at present in mid-Holocene time...the first Neoglacial ice advances occurred at ~5.0 ka," and that "glaciers in all areas underwent renewed growth in the past millennium."
Glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula & Sub-Antarctic Islands
The relatively warm late winter-spring anomaly is stored below the shallower summer mixed layer until next winter when it is released, resulting in relative warm July temperatures in the early Holocene, especially over the Southern Ocean where it is up to 3.5°C above the modern level.
The Holocene climate evolution in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere
Sawagaki & Hirakawa-1997, Omoto-1977 and Hayashi & Yoshida-1994 concluded that ice retreat from the Lützow-Holm Bay area occurred before 30 ka BP, and that it had not been ice-covered during the LGM.
Antarctic Glacial History
Taken together, the evidence can be interpreted to suggest that the EAIS did not expand significantly during the LGM in Eastern Weddell Sea and Dronning Maud Land (Anderson et al., 2002)
same link as #1
The inner shelf areas around Anvers Island and in Marguerite Bay, as well as George VI Sound, were ice-free at 7-6 ka BP (Clapperton & Sugden-1982; Kennedy & Anderson-1989; Harden et al.-1992; Pope & Anderson-1992; Pudsey et al.-1994; Hjort et al.-2001).
same link as #1
The oldest radiocarbon dates, giving minimum ages for the initial deglaciation and the incursion of marine water onto coastal areas, as well as for the initiation of aquatic moss growth, are between 8,6-8,4 ka BP (Pickard & Seppelt-1984; Fitzsimons & Domack-1993; Bird et al.-1991; Fulford-Smith & Sikes-1996)...Domack et al. (1991b) found evidence on the shelf for a middle Holocene readvance of floating ice tongues some time within the interval 7,3-3,8 ka BP
same link as #1
After the deglaciation in Terra Nova Bay, the ice shelves entering the bay were less extensive than today (Orombelli et al.-1991, Baroni-1994, Baroni & Orombelli-1994b). The ice margins stood 2-5 km inside their present margins between 6.2 and 5.3 ka BP.
same link as #1
Originally posted by Marduk
Clues don't count unless they are based on actual evidence
what you mean is that you either made it up or someone else did
pitiful really
i wonder why you bother