The Future Is Coming p3: Bionics & Optimizing Nature

Bionics is defined as: the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. This approach is motivated by the fact that biological organisms and their organs have been well optimized over billions of years by evolution.

When looking at Bionics and redesigning our civilization there are four key areas to look at.

Bionics in Business & Architecture

"Using nature and the ingenious way it works can create new markets.''- Achim Steiner

Meeting of Minds pdf

The latest research by Phil Richardson at the Centre for Biomimetics at the University of Bath has shown that Biomimetic models can be used to create analogies in business. The analogies can be applied to provide inspiration as a precursor to innovation….Biology has long been an inspiration for business with examples that can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians, the early Chinese dynasties and famously to Leonardo DaVinci in more recently times. Known in today’s leading edge research community as biomimetics, the latest applications of lessons from nature are being used by engineers and architects in building design and product development.

“As all kinds of sensors become smaller, cheaper, and more networked, there is a great opportunity for architecture to come to life and respond to information about environmental conditions that are normally invisible” -David Benjamin.

Kinetic Glass -Youtube
Kinetic Glass can alert workers or residents to dangerous conditions. Under development by the creative think tank The Living, this new product takes a cue from animal respiratory systems. The glass is made with a slit silicone surface that allows air to pass through, and it has tiny sensors that can detect the levels of certain gases. In the presence of, say, excess carbon dioxide, the material opens and closes its “gills” to exchange the air. The gills’ movement also acts as a visual warning to building occupants.

Pipe scaling is simply the deposition of calcium carbonate onto pipes and causes millions of dollars of damage each year. Attempts at removing it release disagreeable chemicals to waterways around the globe. The abalone is a shellfish that is able to create a ceramic shell in an aqueous solution at room temp. This ceramic material is twice as strong as the ceramics we use in our most advanced fighter jet engines. Aside from the obvious benefits of being able to make ceramics at room temperature, this creatures secretes a protein which stops it shell from growing, once it reaches the right size. If we could coat our pipes which this protein, it would inhibit the calcification of our pipes, saving hundreds of millions of dollars and numerous environmental benefits!

Eastgate Center - Wiki
Green Building in Zimbwabe that mimics a termite nest

Air conditioning is expensive and uses a lot of energy, and some scientists believe it is unhealthy too. So some architects are abandoning air conditioning and designing office blocks that stay cool using termite-inspired ventilation systems. They claim that their buildings will save energy and be healthier, more pleasant to work in!

Turbines inspired by Whales
WhalePower Corp., a Toronto-based company that has developed tubercle technology that it says can be used to boost reliability and efficiency in a “staggering amount of machines,” including wind turbines, fans, compressors and HVAC systems.
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A Building that mimics a Tree

William McDonough entitled “Hero of the Planet” in 1999 by the Time magazine created this building.

What would you call a skyscraper that works like a tree, makes oxygen, distills water, produces energy, and changes with the seasons?

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BioPower Systems Pty. Ltd., a new company using biomimetic designs to generate power from the ocean. They have two main designs--the BioWAVE, which imitates kelp fronds, and the BioSTREAM, which imitates shark or tuna tails.
Both designs are meant to oscillate back and forth in ocean currents rather than rotating like a turbine, and they use a proprietary drivetrain to convert that low-speed high-torque oscillation into high-speed low-torque rotation of a permanent magnet motor.
Turbines in Action - youtube
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Discover Article - Sustainable Arch, learn from nature

Would nature do it?


12 ideas from Nature - TED


Using Natural and recyclable materials - Very Good PDF!

Artificial Trees - Interview
The company is using biomimicry to create artificial trees equipped with nanoleaves - a combination of Nano photovoltaic, Nanothermovoltaic and Nanopiezo generators that convert light, heat and wind energy into electricity.




Super Absorber Cement - youtube
The SuperAbsorber highway barrier, for instance, reduces local airborne pollution through a process known as photocatalyzation. According to Italcementi, an Italian maker of photo catalytic cement, the airborne pollution of a large city could be cut in half if pollution-reducing cement were to cover just 15 percent of urban surfaces.

Intelligent Materials - Tech immitates nature - Youtube

Bionics in Medicine –

In medicine, Bionics means the replacement or enhancement of organs or other body parts by mechanical versions. Bionic implants differ from mere prostheses by mimicking the original function very closely, or even surpassing it.
While the technologies that make bionic implants possible are still in a very early stage, a few bionic items already exist, the best known being the cochlear implant, a device for deaf people.

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In 2004, A fully functional artificial hearts was developed. Significant further progress is expected to take place with the advent of nanotechnologies. A well known example of a proposed nanodevice is a Respirocyte, an artificial red cell, designed (though not built yet) by Robert Freitas.
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www.esof2008.org..." target="_blank" class="postlink" rel="nofollow">A good PDF - Bionics in medicine

ear implant - youtube
Bionic Limbs - youtube
bionic Limb - Youtube
Bionic Finger - youtube
Exoskeleton - youtube
Darpa - bionic hand - youtube
Bionic eye - Youtube

Living Skin Brochure
A LIVINGSKIN aesthetic restoration is a complete service - a high-definition silicone prosthesis that is created to resemble human skin by mimicking the three dermal layers of natural human skin. To ensure proper color matching and fit, every prosthetic device is custom crafted for each individual.

Shark Skin Stop Bacteria - PopSci Article
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Patented by Sharklet Technologies, a Florida-based biotech company, the film, which is covered with microscopic diamond-shaped bumps, is the first “surface topography” proven to keep the bugs at bay. In tests in a California hospital, for three weeks the plastic sheeting’s surface prevented dangerous microorganisms, such as E. coli and Staphylococcus A, from establishing colonies large enough to infect humans.

Caddisfly Silk Inspires Scotch Tape Solution for Surgeries

Bionics Politics Bioregional democracy, is when political borders conform to natural eco-regions rather than human cultures or the outcomes of prior conflicts.

Advocates in the anti-globalization movement argue that the mating-like processes of standardization, financing and marketing, are already examples of runaway evolution - rendering a system that, appeals to the consumer but which is inefficient at uses of energy and raw materials. Biomimicry, they argue, is an effective strategy to restore basic efficiency.

Critics of these approaches often argue that ecological selection itself is a poor model of minimizing manufacturing complexity or conflict, and that the free market relies on conscious cooperation, agreement, and standards as much as on efficiency - more analogous to sexual selection. Charles Darwin himself contended that both were balanced in natural selection - although his contemporaries often avoided frank talk about sex, or any suggestion that free market success was based on persuasion not value.

A road map for natural capitalism www.natcap.org...


Bionics - Other Commercialized Uses

Biomimicry is a creative solutions technique that uses biological prototypes to get ideas for engineering solutions. This approach is motivated by the fact that biological organisms and their organs have been well optimized over billions of years by evolution.

What insects can offer
Intelligent Materials
E-paper
Biodegradable plastics - Corn
Goats and Spider Silk
How the abalone will help electronics

Some examples of biomimetics in action: From wiki
• Velcro resulted in 1948 from a Swiss engineer, George de Mestral, noticing how the hooks of the plant burrs stuck in the fur of his dog.
• The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a research and development organization for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and NASA are studying the navigational systems and locomotive strategies of insects to design the next generation of autonomous robots and vehicles.
• Using a wind tunnel, researchers have found that the flipper of the humpback whale is a more efficient wing design than the current model used by the aeronautics industry on airplanes. Engineers are working to apply the aerodynamic findings to future airplane and automotive design. Similarly, engineers at Airbus, a European airplane-manfacturing firm, have used the rough skin of the shark as inspiration in developing a striated foil coating for the wings of aircraft, a design which has resulted in six percent less friction and improved fuel efficiency.

Continued

• A research team at Bell Labs has found that tropical deep-sea sponge, Euplectella or Venus's Flower Basket, builds remarkably strong structures from extremely fragile materials, according to a press release from Lucent Technologies. This discovery led to unique insights in the production of commercial fiber optic strands. The same team also looked to the visual systems of brittlestars -- sea creatures related to starfish and sea urchins -- for inspiration to improve lens design.

• "Gecko tape" is a product under development that has been inspired by the lizard's ability to climb up walls and walk along ceilings. The tape exploits "van der Waals forces" -- weak intermolecular attractive forces -- by mimicing the tiny hair-like structures, called setae, that cover geckos' feet.

• Scientists at the University of Leeds in Great Britain are studying the jet-based defense mechanism of the bombardier beetle to see if the insect can help them learn how to re-ignite a gas-turbine aircraft engine in mid-flight. The bombardier beetle is capable of spraying would-be predators with a high-pressure stream of boiling liquid.

• DaimlerChrysler is developing a new high fuel efficiency concept vehicle based on the body shape of a boxfish, a common cube-shaped fish found in tropical marine habitats. The bionic car will offer 20 percent lower fuel consumption and up to 80 percent lower nitrogen oxide emissions according to a release from DaimlerChrysler.
Some potential areas for exploration:

• Spiders spin silk that is stronger than synthetic substances developed by man but require only insects as inputs.

• Diatoms, microscopic phytoplankton responsible for a quarter of all the photosynthesis on Earth, make glass using silicon dissolved in seawater.

• Abalone, a type of shellfish, produces a crack-resistant shell twice as tough as ceramic from calcium found in seawater using a process known as bio-mineralization.

• Trees "turn sunlight, water, and air into cellulose, a suger stiffer and stronger than nylon, and bind it into wood, a natural composite with a higher bending strength and stiffness than concrete or steel," as noted by Paul Hawken, Amory and L. Hunter Lovins in Natural Capitalism.

• Countless plants generate compounds that fight off infection from fungi, insects, and other pests.


• Cat's eye reflectors were invented by Percy Shaw in 1935 after studying the mechanism of cat eyes. He had found that cats had a system of reflecting cells, known as tapetum lucidum, which was capable of reflecting the tiniest bit of light.

• Leonardo da Vinci's flying machines and ships are early examples of drawing from nature in engineering.

• Resilin is a replacement for rubber that has been created by studying the material also found in anthropods.

• Julian Vincent drew from the study of pinecones when he developed in 2004 "smart" clothing that adapts to changing temperatures. "I wanted a nonliving system which would respond to changes in moisture by changing shape", he said. "There are several such systems in plants, but most are very small — the pinecone is the largest and therefore the easiest to work on". Pinecones respond to higher humidity by opening their scales (to disperse their seeds). The "smart" fabric does the same thing, opening up when the wearer is warm and sweating, and shutting tight when cold.

• "Morphing aircraft wings" that change shape according to the speed and duration of flight were designed in 2004 by biomimetic scientists from Penn State University. The morphing wings were inspired by different bird species that have differently shaped wings according to the speed at which they fly. In order to change the shape and underlying structure of the aircraft wings, the researchers needed to make the overlying skin also be able to change, which their design does by covering the wings with fish-inspired scales that could slide over each other. In some respects this is a refinement of the swing-wing design.

• Some paints and roof tiles have been engineered to be self-cleaning by copying the mechanism from the Nelumbo lotus.[2]

• Nanostructures and physical mechanisms that produce the shining color of butterfly wings were reproduced in silico by Greg Parker, professor of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton and research student Luca Plattner in the field of photonics, which is electronics using photons as the information carrier instead of electrons.

• Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are the thin-film material often used to fabricate fish tank thermometers or mood rings, that change color with temperature changes. They change color because their molecules are arranged in a helical or chiral arrangement and with temperature the pitch of that helical structure changes, reflecting different wavelengths of light. Chiral Photonics, Inc. has abstracted the self-assembled structure of the organic CLCs to produce analogous optical devices using tiny lengths of inorganic, twisted glass fiber.

• The wing structure of the blue morpho butterfly was studied and the way it reflects light was mimicked to create an RFID tag that can be read through water and on metal[3].

• Neuromorphic chips, silicon retinae or cochleae, has wiring that is modelled after real neural networks. S.a.: connectivity.

• Synthetic or "robotic" vegetation, which aids in conservation and restoration,[4] are machines designed to mimic many of the functions of living vegetation.

• Medical adhesives involving glue and tiny nano-hairs are being developed based on the physical structures found in the feet of geckos.


And here Are some more pictures related to all of this!

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Velcro
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Bullet train and Mercedes Bionic
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Skyscraper - cactus
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the geckos feet
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Explaining a Bio-Scraper
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[edit on 4/3/2010 by VonDoomen]