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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a form of depression that affects approximately 1 in 100 people in the UK between September and April. It can be particularly severe during December, January and February. For some people, SAD is so disabling that they cannot function in winter without continuous treatment. Others may experience a milder version called sub-syndromal SAD or 'winter blues.
* Sleep problems - usually oversleeping and difficulty staying awake but, in some cases, disturbed sleep and early-morning waking. * Lethargy - lacking in energy and unable to carry out normal routine due to fatigue. Heaviness in the arms and legs. * Overeating - craving for carbohydrates and sweet foods which usually leads to weight gain. * Depression - feeling sad, low and weepy, a failure, sometimes hopeless and despairing. * Apathy – loss of motivation and ability to concentrate. * Social problems - irritability and withdrawal from social situations, not wanting to see friends. * Anxiety - feeling tense and unable to cope with stress. * Loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities. * Loss of libido - decreased interest in sex and physical contact. * Weakened immune system - vulnerability to catching winter colds and flu. * Mood changes - for some people bursts of over-activity and cheerfulness (known as hypo-mania) in spring and autumn.
If you noticed that higher humidity is associated with certain mood states, you won’t be surprised to hear there is also a good body of research that has investigated the link between heat and different types of human behavior, especially aggression (see, for example, Rotton & Cohn, 2004; Cohn & Rotton, 2005; Anderson, 1987; etc.). While there’s some debate as to how strong a relationship exists between heat and violence, this is a relationship that been undergoing research since the 1970s. At this point, it’s not in question whether a link exists, just how strong and what the relationship exactly looks like (and whether it’s mediated by other factors, like time of day).
Light therapy has been proved effective in up to 85 per cent of diagnosed cases. Light therapy involves spending up to four hours per day exposed to light that is at least ten times the intensity of domestic lighting. You can sit in front of a special 'light' box, allowing the light to reach your eyes. The light box should be used in dull periods in summer and daily from early autumn when symptoms first appear. You don't need to stare at the light and can just glance at it from time to time while your reading, working or eating. Treatment is usually effective within three to four days and the effect continues if it is used every day. Evidence also points to the value of dawn simulation devices that gradually mimic the progressive presence of dawn prior to a person’s waking.
It can sometimes be difficult living with a person with SAD, but you need to accept that they really do feel awful during the winter months. Realise that they have no control over their behaviour and never imply that they are lazy or aren't trying hard enough. Help your friend or family member to get as much done during the summer and encourage them to use their light or other treatment at the first signs of lethargy. Be sensitive to their needs and don't force them to do things they are really not up to. Above all, be patient and caring and look forward to better times in the spring.
Now living in D/FW I see a mix of both. It's weird though I find inside lighting annoying, I am constantly turning off lights, and encouraging family members to do the same. I pretty much hate any overhead lighting and prefer lamps or window light.
It amazes me in that I have nothing in my life to be depressed about, but as soon as the weather is dark and gloomy, I crawl into a shell and don't want to come out. This is a very real problem for a lot of people.