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Approximately 100 million citizens consider themselves Russian Orthodox Christians, amounting to 70% of population, although the Church claims a membership of 80 million[5][6];also according to a poll by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 63% of respondents considered themselves Russian Orthodox, 6% of respondents considered themselves Muslim and less than 1% considered themselves either Buddhist, Catholic, Protestant or Jewish.[7] Another 12% said they believe in God, but did not practice any religion, and 16% said they are non-believers.[7]. It is estimated that Russia is home to 23 million people of Muslim backgrounds, including 1.5 million in Moscow alone.[8][9] The Orthodox Church estimated in 2000 that 20 million Russians were Muslim, while the official census counter around 15 million[10] Russia also has an estimated 3 million to 4 million Muslim migrants from the ex-Soviet states.