B.Sc. Chemical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.)
M.Sc. Earth and planetary sciences, M.I.T.
PhD Earth Sciences and Nuclear Physics
Gerald Schroeder is a scientist with over thirty years of experience in research and teaching. He earned his Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate
degrees all at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This was followed by seven years on the staff of the MIT physics department prior to moving
to Israel, where he joined the Weizmann Institute of Science and then the Volcani Research Institute, while also having a laboratory at The Hebrew
University. His Doctorate is in two fields: Earth sciences and nuclear physics. His formal theological training includes fifteen years of study under
the late Rabbi Herman Pollack, Rabbi Chaim Brovender and Rabbi Noah Weinberg.
Of course, what the question would be is where we make the zero point. On Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year, we blow the Shofar three times during the
Musaf service. Immediately upon blowing of the Shofar, the following sentence is said: "Hayom Harat Olam - today is the birthday of the world."
This verse might imply that Rosh Hashana commemorates the creation of the universe. But it doesn't. Rosh Hashana does commemorate a creation, but not
the creation of the universe. We blow the Shofar three times to commemorate the last of the three creations that occurs in the Six Days of Genesis.
First, there's a creation of the entire universe and the laws of nature. Then on Day Five, there's a creation that brings us the Nefesh, the soul of
animal life. Finally, at the end of Day Six, there's a further creation that brings us the Neshama, the soul of human life. Rosh Hashana commemorates
not the first or second of the creations, but the creation of the Neshama, the soul of human life. Rosh Hashana falls right here. Which means that we
start counting our 5758 years from the creation of the soul of Adam.
There are early Jewish sources that tell us that the calendar is in two-parts (even predating Leviticus Rabba which goes back almost 1500 years and
says it explicitly).
Today, we look at time going backward. We see 15 billion years. Looking forward from when the universe is very small - billions of times smaller - the
Torah says six days. In truth, they both may be correct. What's exciting about the last few years in cosmology is we now have quantified the data to
know the relationship of the "view of time" from the beginning, relative to the "view of time" today. It's not science fiction any longer. Any
one of a dozen physics text books all bring the same number. The general relationship between time near the beginning and time today is a million
million. That's a 1 with 12 zeros after it. So when a view from the beginning looking forward says "I'm sending you a pulse every second," would
we see it every second? No. We'd see it every million million seconds. Because that's the stretching effect of the expansion of the universe.
The Torah doesn't say every second, does it? It says Six Days. How would we see those six days? If the Torah says we're sending information for six
days, would we receive that information as six days? No. We would receive that information as six million million days. Because the Torah's
perspective is from the beginning looking forward. Six million million days is a very interesting number. What would that be in years? Divide by 365
and it comes out to be 16 billion years. Essentially the estimate of the age of the universe. Not a bad guess for 3000 years ago.
www.geraldschroeder.com...
Mod edit: Please don't cut and paste whole articles. Just a few paragraphs and a link.
[edit on 29-11-2008 by Byrd]