Originally posted by Off_The_Street
Ability to pay does not imply progressiveness; I do not recall anywhere in "Wealth of Nations" where ol’ “Invisible Hand” calls for a
progressive tax.
"The subjects of every state ought to contribute toward the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective
abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state ....[As Henry Home (Lord Kames) has
written, a goal of taxation should be to] 'remedy inequality of riches as much as possible, by relieving the poor and burdening the rich.'"
Sound familiar? Adam Smith was not only an economist, but a philosopher. Sounds like a progressive tax to me.
Not any more than a poorer person who gets to keep all of his money does! As a matter of fact, a confiscatory tax is a disincentive to work
hard or get special education to advance oneself; I'd think that such disincentives would work against a "stable economy and a prosperous
society" rather than for it.
I agree. When poorer people are taxed heavily, it is more than a disincentive to seek advancement--it becomes impossible to survive.
I see no historical evidence for that whatsoever. Indeed, until the 20th century, every society, including that of Japan (which has
been socially stable for almost 2000 years), has exhibited exactly the top-heaviness that you abjure.
I would say that history teaches, rather than that top-heavy societies are inherently unstable, is that such large discrepancies of wealth,
irrespective of the reasons, are the norm, and not the exception.
Perhaps you have overlooked The Great Depression. The main cause was the fact that the country was producing more than it could consume. Why? A
tremendous disparity between income classes. The post-war 20's led to extreme prosperity for the wealthy and poverty for everyone else.
In 1929, the top 0.1% controlled 34% of all savings in America--while 80% of Americans had no savings at all. A massive reduction in federal income
and estate taxes enacted in 1926 benefited the most wealthy Americans and corporations, further widening the gap and reducing purchasing power of the
lower income brackets. The tremendous outputs of American corporations led to massive speculation in the stock market about profits--and well, the
rest is history.
And the Great Depression wasn't limited to the United States. It was a global crisis. Germany was hit hard--leading to the rise of Hitler. Italy
was in dire straights--allowing Mussolini to rise to power.
And Japan didn't have Americans to sell rice and silk to and was also deeply impacted by the depression. However, Hirohito was pressured by the
protesting masses and just invaded China to take over their resources. Hard to make a case for stability there...
The militarism in Germany, Japan, and Italy led to World War II.
One interesting side note is to study how the depression impacted Sweden. They recovered much faster than most other countries because they realized
quickly how important it is to put purchasing power back in the hands of the lower and middle classes. The accomplished this in part via a
progressive tax--and wealthy industrialists did object to it, but they more than recouped taxes as production and profits increased to levels
significantly above pre-depression levels very quickly.
Disincentive to produce because of high taxes? Hardly.
One only has to look at the life style of Blacks in New York in 1920 compared to today to see this. In 1920’s a limited-tax,
limited-government infrastructure resulted in a myriad of black small business owners. Compare that with the 3rd- and 4th-generation Black underclass
today, recipients of the same largess that comes from confiscatory taxes.
How on Earth, in light of your affection for confiscatory taxes, do you explain that sad state of affairs?
I think you are confused about the Harlem Renaissance. It was a cultural movement. Black authors, artists and musicians were able to finally be
recognized and make a living, yes-- but it was because of wealthy white patronage.
The club owners, publishers, landlords, and finaciers were all wealthy white patrons. There was even a backlash against many of these performers from
some of the black community for accepting "white" money.
The only role that limited taxation had in this movement is that the ultra rich were flush with cash to sponsor black culture. Once the depression
started, the white curiosity with the "exotic" waned for the most part. Harlem became a ghetto awash with drugs and poverty in the aftermath.
Racism, institutionalized discrimination and being disadvantaged by hundreds of years of slavery is a good place to start with why African Americans
are still behind on the income curve... but thats a discussion for another thread.
I consider that comment disingenuous. As I mentioned in my previous post, I consider a flat tax system with no taxes at all for a family with
an income of less than, say $25,000/year to be the best compromise between allowing wealthy people the fruits of their labors while ensuring that no
one is deprived of necessities and needs.
Don't think a 10% flat tax will cover the vast government expenses like military expenditures, public works, running the government, public
education, Medicare and Social Security, etc. The 2006 budget calls for $3 trillion in tax receipts to cover expenses (and that's just the federal
budget.)
GDP is $15.9 trillion. You do the math. 19% is more like it. (Current flat tax proposals are in the range of 19 to 20%--notice the prevailing 2004
tax rates for income brackets above $50,000 in NY Times article are all around 20-22%.. although these are based on reported income, so the
percentages are much lower for higher brackets... )
At 19%, a family making $30,000 will be left with $24,300. A family making $10,000,000 will be left with $8,100,000.
And a family making $24,300 is not going to be deprived? Of what? Getting to experience the joys of eating cat food?
Moreover, it would ensure that if I were ten times as rich as you, I would pay ten times as much taxes as you do, even though I probably won't
use as much of the government’s support structure as you would.
I think that you are getting caught up in paying for "your share" without really thinking about what "your share" is.
How about an example?
You are the only wealthy man on an island of 5,000 peasants. Everyone needs to walk across a bridge to get to the town on the mainland to go to
work--you need to get from your mansion to your office and the peasants need to walk from their cardboard huts to the fields to pick beans.
One day, a hurricane comes and wipes out the bridge. It will cost $500,000 to fix, so the government levies a special tax of 1% of income to collect
money for the repair. (There is already a 10% income tax.)
Because you make $20,000,000 a year, your share is $200,000. The peasants make $1,000 a year and their share is $10. The government announces that
it will take 2 years to repair the bridge because they only take in $250,000 a year.
Because the bridge is the only way on or off the island, you won't be able to get to or from your office until the bridge is rebuilt. Being away
from your office for 2 years will put you out of business.
Dilemma: Although your feet utilize just as much of the bridge as each peasant, do you kick in the extra $250,000 (bumping up your tax rate to 2.25%)
to fix the bridge so that you can get to your office?
Oh, and by the way, if you do, you also save the peasants (and yourself) from starving.
This is a simple example, but do you get the point or do you still feel slighted because you weren't compensated for inadvertantly saving the
peasants from starving?
The wealthy do benefit greatly from kicking in the extra amount that a progressive tax requires. It's not a matter of raping the rich so the poor
can stay home and eat bon-bons--it means a better educated workforce, a fully-funded military, proper infrastructure to deliver water and electricity,
and a healthier society in general. Putting more purchasing power in the hands of consumers leads to a stronger economy instead of relying on foreign
investment and debt.
And it is quite incorrect to say that the wealthy don't benefit from supporting public education. Private schools are the only places that produce
doctors, lawyers, brokers, politicians, and bankers. I'm sure that the wealthy have relied on many professionals that attended public schools--so to
say that the wealthy are paying for nothing is just absurd.
And you say even that isn't enough?
This is where your "disincentment" argument falls apart. The weathly WANT progress. The wealthy WANT to drive on smooth roads and fly out of
efficient airports. They WANT to walk down a NYC street without tripping over homeless people and crackheads. They WANT to be proud of the country
they live in because the kids are smart and there is little poverty.
Obviously, increasing the tax burden on the lower and middle income brackets isn't possible without serious consequences, so where is the money to
achieve this going to come from?
Do you see the problem here? If the wealthy want to live in a better country, it is up to them to be the catalysts to create it. It can't be
accomplished on the backs of lower and middle income classes--and it isn't a matter of laziness. It's just the reality of income and statistics.