Originally posted by Nygdan
Take a pair of twins, move one at faster than the speed of light for a while and return him to earth. he is now youner than the twin that remained on
earth.
So a device traveling at ultra high speeds, would it be able to catch up to where light from earth, say from a thousand years ago, will be when
he stops?
First, time dilation works also in speeds under c (no need to exceed it).
Effect of it just gets bigger only at speeds near speed of light. Even small speeds are enough if you measure time precisely. (like atom clocks, other
in ground and other in aircraft)
If you would move away from earth with bigger speed than c you would see things in earth happening backwards because light which left earth at the
moment of your departure would be left behind you and you would be continuously catching light which left earth earlier and earlier.
Logically if you would move at speed of light you would see earth looking always same as it was at the time of your departure.
And if you would be teleported to one light year away you would see earth like what it was one year ago.
So in astronomy distances mean also other thing, if object is 100 light years away we see it as like it was 100 years ago because it takes that long
for information to arrive.
For example Orion's Betelgeuze might have already gone supernova but we don't know about it simply because information from that moves at speed of
light and trip takes couple hundred years.
Also nearest other bigger galaxy, M31, is two million LYs away so we see "two million years old image" of it.