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originally posted by: TiredofControlFreaks
a reply to: flatbush71
I am not concerned that SCIENCE did not know about the virus and that many cancers (including lung cancer and oral-pharangeal cancers are now proven to be CAUSED by the HPV virus). I am concerned that "SCIENCE" could be so wrong and still get quoted by those who THINK they have "Proof" and really have nothing at all but are still prepared to make the lives of others intolerable and interfere unnecessarily in the lives of law abiding citizens.
Methods
Archival tissue specimens from 223 patients (145 men, 78 women, median age 65 years, range 27–87 years), who presented with cancer in the lungs, were subjected to GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction and p16INK4Aimmunohistochemistry. The series included primary lung carcinomas of patients without a history of cancer (n = 175), primary lung carcinomas of patients with an unrelated cancer in the past (n = 36), and carcinomas with primary presentation in the lungs of which the origin (i.e., primary or metastasis) was equivocal at the time of diagnosis (n = 12). GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction/p16INK4A double-positive carcinomas were subjected to HPV genotyping, HPVE7 transcript analysis, loss of heterozygosity analysis, and array-comparative genomic hybridization.
Results
Whereas all primary lung carcinomas were hrHPV-negative (211 of 211, 100%), three hrHPV–positive equivocal carcinomas (3 of 12, 25%) were identified. These patients (1 male, 2 females) had a history of hrHPV-associated disease; one tonsillar and two cervical carcinomas. A clonal relationship between individual tumor pairs was supported by identical hrHPV genotype, pattern of p16INK4Aexpression, HPVE7 mRNA expression, and genomic aberrations.
Conclusions
hrHPV presence in a tumor with primary presentation in the lungs signifies pulmonary metastasis from a primary hrHPV–positive cancer elsewhere in the body. No support was found for an attribution of hrHPV infection to the development of primary LC.
Oxygen diffuses through the walls of the alveoli into the enveloping capillaries (small blood vessels). Estimates of the total surface area of lungs vary from 50 to 75 square metres (540 to 810 sq ft); roughly the same area as one side of a tennis court.
originally posted by: TiredofControlFreaks
a reply to: flatbush71
There only 5 substances thought to be carinogenic in tobacco smoke. There 9 substances in your morning coffee that are also thought to be carcinogenic!! Give some careful common sense thought to that little known fact
Tobacco smoke is made up of more than 7,000 chemicals, including over 70 known to cause cancer (carcinogens).
originally posted by: TiredofControlFreaks
a reply to: flatbush71
Carcinogens are endemic to our environment, including Polonium 210 radiation!
Lung cancers have been induced in 9 to 53 percent of hamsters given multiple intratracheal instillations of polonium-210 in amounts yielding lifetime exposures of 15 to 300 rads to the lungs. Cigarette smokers have previously been estimated to receive 20 rads to areas of the bronchial epithelium from deposited polonium-210. This finding thus supports the hypothesis that alpha radiation resulting from the polonium-210 or lead-210 present in cigarette smoke may be a significant causative factor in human lung cancer.
HPV is the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancers (the very back of the mouth and part of what in lay terms might be called a part of the throat), and a very small number of front of the mouth, oral cavity cancers. HPV16 is the version most responsible, and affects both males and females. In public messages for simplicity, OCF frequently speaks about oral cancers in general. Scientifically, this is really anatomically divided up into the oral cavity and the oropharynx. Each anatomical site has different statistics, etiologies which dominate that location, and outcomes from treatment. The fastest growing segment of the oral and oropharyngeal cancer population are otherwise healthy, non-smokers in the 25-50 age range. When you consider both anatomical sites, HPV is driving the growth in numbers of oral cancers. White, non-smoking males age 35 to 55 are most at risk, 4 to 1 over females. In the oral/oropharyngeal environment, HPV16 manifests itself primarily in the posterior regions (the oropharynx) such as the base of the tongue, the back of the throat, the tonsils, the tonsillar crypts, and tonsillar pillars.
Radon gas. The leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers is exposure to radon gas, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It accounts for about 21,000 deaths from lung cancer each year.
Secondhand smoke. Each year, an estimated 7,330 adults die of lung cancer as a result of breathing secondhand smoke.
Cancer-causing agents at work. For some people, the workplace is a source of exposure to carcinogens like asbestos and diesel exhaust[/color[.
Air pollution. It’s long been known that both indoor and outdoor air pollution contribute to lung cancer. In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified outdoor air pollution as a cancer causing agent (carcinogen).
Gene mutations. Researchers are learning more and more about what causes cells to become cancererous, and how lung cancer cells differ between non-smokers and smokers. For example, an article published in Clinical Cancer Research explains that a particular kind of gene mutation is much more common in lung cancer in non-smokers than smokers.
Data from the USA show prevalence of smoking at any time during pregnancy was 8.4%, with 20.6% of women who smoked in the first or second trimesters quitting by the third trimester. Smoking during pregnancy was more prevalent for women aged 20–24 years (13.0%) and the highest rate was found for non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native women (18.0%) 17].
Despite the fact that smoking prevalence has decreased in smoking mothers in most western countries [18], approximately one-third of these women continue to smoke during early pregnancy [5].
Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancers
• Estimated New Cases in 2016 48,330
• % of All New Cancer Cases 2.9%
• Estimated Deaths in 2016 9,570
• % of All Cancer Deaths 1.6%
Lung and Bronchus Cancers
• Estimated New Cases in 2016 224,390
• % of All New Cancer Cases 13.3%
• Estimated Deaths in 2016 158,080
• % of All Cancer Deaths. 26.5%
The proportion of lung cancer patients who never smoked more than doubled from 2008 to 2014, a British investigator reported here. Never-smokers accounted for 13% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases at the beginning of the study period and rose steadily to 28% by November 2014. Women accounted for two-thirds of the nonsmokers who developed NSCLC, which was associated with nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms in a majority of cases. Both the percentage and absolute number of NSCLC cases involving nonsmokers increased during the study period, supporting the view that the increase is real and not an artifact created by reductions in smoking prevalence, Eric Lim, MD, of the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, reported at the World Conference on Lung Cancer. "As this group of patients do not have established risk factors, research into early detection -- ideally, by noninvasive or molecular screening -- is urgently required to identify early lung cancer in nonsmokers," Lim said.
The rise in incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2011 was not solely attributable to a rise in incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive disease because the proportion of HPV-positive and -negative cases remained the same throughout that period, according to a study published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is the most common form of oropharyngeal cancer. It includes cancers arising in the tonsil, base of the tongue, soft palate, and the side and back walls of the throat.Terry M. Jones, MD “Incidence of OPSCC has been increasing throughout the developed world since the mid-to-late 1990s,” said Terry M. Jones, MD, professor of head and neck surgery in the Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. “Several studies suggest that this rise was driven by increasing incidence of HPV-positive disease, but we wanted to determine whether this was the case across all four countries of the U.K.
Lim disclosed relevant relationships with Strategen, Abbott Molecular, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Novartis, Covidien, Ethicon, Roche, Imidex, Eli Lilly, Medella, Boehringer Ingelheim, ScreenCell, Informative Genomics, and the BUPA Cromwell Lung Cancer Screening Programme.
The study had some limitations: Smoking history was self-reported but race-ethnicity was not.
The study was supported by a research grant from GlaxoSmithKline and by sponsorship from the University of Liverpool and Aintree Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The Northern Ireland Biobank, which provided access to tissue samples, is funded by the Health and Social Research Development Division of the Public Health Agency. Jones has received research funding and honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur. He has also been paid for developing and delivering educational presentations for Sanofi Pasteur.
The study estimating that 100,000 Americans die each year from their prescriptions looked only at deaths from known side effects. That is, those deaths didn’t happen because the doctor made a mistake and prescribed the wrong drug, or the pharmacist made a mistake in filling the prescription, or the patient accidentally took too much. Unfortunately, thousands of patients die from such mistakes too, but this study looked only at deaths where our present medical system wouldn’t fault anyone. Tens of thousands of people are dying every year from drugs they took just as the doctor directed. This shows you how dangerous medications are.
originally posted by: AlienViewIf you die because someone made a mistake and you are a smoker, if possible, they attribute your death to tobacco smoking and not the misused drug they gave you by mistake.
originally posted by: AlienViewAnd now that we are talking about the misuse of medical drugs, even when used as they are supposed to be used.......
"100,000 Americans Die Each Year from Prescription Drugs, While Pharma Companies Get Rich"
The study estimating that 100,000 Americans die each year from their prescriptions looked only at deaths from known side effects. That is, those deaths didn’t happen because the doctor made a mistake and prescribed the wrong drug, or the pharmacist made a mistake in filling the prescription, or the patient accidentally took too much. Unfortunately, thousands of patients die from such mistakes too, but this study looked only at deaths where our present medical system wouldn’t fault anyone. Tens of thousands of people are dying every year from drugs they took just as the doctor directed. This shows you how dangerous medications are.
Quote source:
www.alternet.org...
originally posted by: AlienView[NOTE: Not the same with pot, as it becomes legal in more and more places - as stoned potheads are easier to manipulate than tobacco smokers, as tobacco often helps people think, and therefor you can see how dangerous it really is![/font]]
originally posted by: AlienViewIf you continue to smoke you will pay much more for some health insurance policies, not be allowed to move into some private and all public housing and will be considered to be a public health hazarad as your second hand smoke kills hundreds of thousands of people per year.
Deaths per Year From Secondhand Smoke
Secondhand smoke. Each year, an estimated 7,330 adults die of lung cancer as a result of breathing secondhand smoke.
originally posted by: AlienViewSo if you must continue to smoke maybe, if it is legal in your area, switch to cannabis. Stay happy and stoned - "They' don't want thinkers who smoke - You see the real danger is not smoking - The real danger is thinking.
originally posted by: AlienViewThis post I dedicates to William C. Douglass, MD and medical maverick who wrote the book:
"The Health Benefits of Tobacco"
originally posted by: AlienViewTragic isn't it? - for a smoker to die so young!