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dragonridr
Arbitrageur
reply to post by dragonridr
I did ask for a better source; have you got one? I don't think that source I posted was very good, however if I understand what you're talking about, I hadn't considered it negative energy, because simply flipping the spatial coordinate system can change the signs meaning the negative changes to positive and vice versa, so I considered them vector signs, and not a type of energy. The type of energy discussed in that link I posted doesn't flip signs when the spatial coordinate system is flipped. However according to this negative energy can be viewed in terms of a positive energy solution moving backward in time:
``Negative Energy'' Solutions: Hole Theory
Another way to look at the ``negative energy'' solution is as a positive energy solution moving backward in time. This makes the same change of the sign in the exponential. The particle would move in the opposite direction of its momentum. It would also behave as if it had the opposite charge.
I hate to do this because i hate giving people math homework but this will give you an idea of why the unverse has zero energy or well close to it as we can tell.
www.curtismenning.com...
Of course it takes time for the first stars to form so we must also add that time to the age of the oldest stars in comparison to the age of the universe.
Since the universe can’t be younger than one of its stars, a white dwarf’s age establishes a lower boundary of the age of the universe. In 2002, astronomers found white dwarfs that were 12-13 billion years old.
Arbitrageur
reply to post by dragonridr
Thanks for dumbing it down somewhat for me, but that goes a little bit too far. I admitted my first source wasn't good, but that source is even worse. Seems like about 95% of the universe is unaccounted for in those calculations which if I'm reading it right pertain to baryonic matter, and don't seem to consider dark matter nor dark energy. I wonder if dark energy was even known when that was written because I don't remember seeing a 12 billion years estimate for the age of the universe since last century, before dark energy was discovered. The latest estimates are something like 13.8 billion years. This would seem to suggest my guess about that source possibly being from last century may be correct, since by 2002 we had a problem with that 12 billion years age estimate:
earthsky.org...
Of course it takes time for the first stars to form so we must also add that time to the age of the oldest stars in comparison to the age of the universe.
Since the universe can’t be younger than one of its stars, a white dwarf’s age establishes a lower boundary of the age of the universe. In 2002, astronomers found white dwarfs that were 12-13 billion years old.
edit on 14-4-2014 by Arbitrageur because: clarification
Arbitrageur
Wisegeek has a write-up on it:
ImaFungi
There is no such thing as negative energy.
Negative Energy
Have you got a better source?
edit on 14-4-2014 by Arbitrageur because: clarification
Did you miss this which I posted on the last page?
ImaFungi
If you define a quanta of the universe to equal the words 'negative energy', then I agree negative energy exists. But in reality there is only energy energy. In fact that is all reality is, energy. You can call falling down a mountain negative climbing, or climbing up a mountain negative falling, but are they not both displays of energy transforming?
To use your analogy it would be like falling up the mountain due to the "backward in time" aspect. This is not the same as climbing up the mountain. The direction may be the same, but the energy flow is reversed.
Another way to look at the ``negative energy'' solution is as a positive energy solution moving backward in time.
Arbitrageur
Did you miss this which I posted on the last page?
ImaFungi
If you define a quanta of the universe to equal the words 'negative energy', then I agree negative energy exists. But in reality there is only energy energy. In fact that is all reality is, energy. You can call falling down a mountain negative climbing, or climbing up a mountain negative falling, but are they not both displays of energy transforming?
``Negative Energy'' Solutions: Hole Theory
To use your analogy it would be like falling up the mountain due to the "backward in time" aspect. This is not the same as climbing up the mountain. The direction may be the same, but the energy flow is reversed.
Another way to look at the ``negative energy'' solution is as a positive energy solution moving backward in time.
I don't think it necessarily represents reality exactly, it's a model which allows us to calculate what will happen in reality.
ImaFungi
in what way is that relevant to reality?
You can use that math to make accurate predictions for electrical lab experiments, so it correlates to reality extremely well in that regard, but part of the math includes an imaginary component. The effect of reactance can be measured, so it's not imaginary in that respect; imaginary just refers to the use of the square root of -1 in the model, and I can tell you how reactance seems real, but not the square root of -1.
In general, impedance has a complex value; this means that loads generally have a resistance component (symbol: R) which forms the real part of Z and a reactance component (symbol: X) which forms the imaginary part of Z.
Many scientists like to think that science already understands the ways of the natural world. The fundamental questions are answered, leaving only the details to be filled in. The impressive achievements of science seemed to support this confident attitude. But recent research has revealed unexpected problems at the heart of physics, cosmology, biology, medicine and psychology. Dr. Sheldrake is a biologist and author of more than 80 scientific papers and 10 books, including Science Set Free (September 2012).
In this brief talk, Professor Pollack reflects on the ills within the culture of science and offers a prescription for a cure.
Yes as third graders are taught, a line is 1D, a plane is 2D and a volume is 3D, but these concepts are based on real numbers.
ImaFungi
reply to post by Arbitrageur
Arent complex numbers pretty much making a 1d number plane, 2d? Or 2d, 3d? Because the materials of our universe dont have strict number plane like values (1d or 2d, i dont know if the number plane is considered 1d or 2d, I have heard a line is 1d)
The example I gave is really just a complex plane example, so it's only 1D real plus 1D imaginary. The reason it works has something to do with change over time as you suggest, which the imaginary part helps us model.
a graph of greater dimensions then the number line needs to be established to relate physical materials which are 3d (plus the way they change over time), and this is what occurred and why it works?
ImaFungi
reply to post by Arbitrageur
How did that blue one get so close without getting 'sucked in/ripped up'? Is it not possibly they made those orbital turns because of the total surrounding matter away from the center (of stars and planets and debris) and that greater outer unit moving together as a galaxy spinning so when one star is traveling with the pack while the galaxy is moving linearly and rotating, there is the gravitational weight of all rotating masses further from the center then that star perhaps keeping that star from leaving the center area, and forces it to curve back around.
Its only imaginary in the sense of it doesnt exist on the number line, this is all I was trying to say. Its obviously not imaginary, in the sense of being able to be used as a tool of measurement in the real world.
edit on 15-4-2014 by ImaFungi because: (no reason given)
Even when it is not subjected to an electric field, does it have electrical properties? And since plasma is composed of electrically charged particles and "An electric field is generated by electrically charged particles" is plasma not always exposed to an electric field?
If you mean it's widely expected we will eventually come up with a refined model that resolves the singularity issue in a black hole, you're in good company because I hear plenty of people say such refinements are possible with the current model, which is obviously a work in progress if you've seen the flurry of papers on the topic.
poet1b
I would say those orbits are somewhat supportive of a black hole, but the black hole model goes way beyond what we currently know.
That's part of the reason we think it's orbiting a black hole. The black hole would have a high enough mass in a small enough radius to permit such an orbit. If Crothers was right and black holes didn't exist, then it might do as you suggest because it would be a larger object. For example, if the moon was a black hole, it would have a diameter less than 0.1 millimeter. With such a small diameter we could obviously put objects in much tighter orbits than with its present diameter.
ImaFungi
reply to post by Arbitrageur
How did that blue one get so close without getting 'sucked in/ripped up'?
I don't see how, but I never tried to model such a thing. I have tried to model an elliptical orbit with the mass at one focal point, and that model does work and these orbits match that model.
Is it not possibly they made those orbital turns because of the total surrounding matter away from the center (of stars and planets and debris) and that greater outer unit moving together as a galaxy spinning so when one star is traveling with the pack while the galaxy is moving linearly and rotating, there is the gravitational weight of all rotating masses further from the center then that star perhaps keeping that star from leaving the center area, and forces it to curve back around.