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Wrightwood. Cal. 21 October, 1949
Dear Mr. Orwell,
It was very kind of you to tell your publishers to send me a copy of your book. It arrived as I was in the midst of a piece of work that required much reading and consulting of references; and since poor sight makes it necessary for me to ration my reading, I had to wait a long time before being able to embark on Nineteen Eighty-Four.
Agreeing with all that the critics have written of it, I need not tell you, yet once more, how fine and how profoundly important the book is. May I speak instead of the thing with which the book deals — the ultimate revolution? The first hints of a philosophy of the ultimate revolution — the revolution which lies beyond politics and economics, and which aims at total subversion of the individual's psychology and physiology — are to be found in the Marquis de Sade, who regarded himself as the continuator, the consummator, of Robespierre and Babeuf. The philosophy of the ruling minority in Nineteen Eighty-Four is a sadism which has been carried to its logical conclusion by going beyond sex and denying it. Whether in actual fact the policy of the boot-on-the-face can go on indefinitely seems doubtful. My own belief is that the ruling oligarchy will find less arduous and wasteful ways of governing and of satisfying its lust for power, and these ways will resemble those which I described in Brave New World. I have had occasion recently to look into the history of animal magnetism and hypnotism, and have been greatly struck by the way in which, for a hundred and fifty years, the world has refused to take serious cognizance of the discoveries of Mesmer, Braid, Esdaile, and the rest.
Partly because of the prevailing materialism and partly because of prevailing respectability, nineteenth-century philosophers and men of science were not willing to investigate the odder facts of psychology for practical men, such as politicians, soldiers and policemen, to apply in the field of government. Thanks to the voluntary ignorance of our fathers, the advent of the ultimate revolution was delayed for five or six generations. Another lucky accident was Freud's inability to hypnotize successfully and his consequent disparagement of hypnotism. This delayed the general application of hypnotism to psychiatry for at least forty years. But now psycho-analysis is being combined with hypnosis; and hypnosis has been made easy and indefinitely extensible through the use of barbiturates, which induce a hypnoid and suggestible state in even the most recalcitrant subjects.
Within the next generation I believe that the world's rulers will discover that infant conditioning and narco-hypnosis are more efficient, as instruments of government, than clubs and prisons, and that the lust for power can be just as completely satisfied by suggesting people into loving their servitude as by flogging and kicking them into obedience. In other words, I feel that the nightmare of Nineteen Eighty-Four is destined to modulate into the nightmare of a world having more resemblance to that which I imagined in Brave New World. The change will be brought about as a result of a felt need for increased efficiency. Meanwhile, of course, there may be a large scale biological and atomic war — in which case we shall have nightmares of other and scarcely imaginable kinds. Thank you once again for the book. Yours sincerely, Aldous Huxley
AliceBleachWhite
They were working from the models of Psychology they had available their day.
There's far more sophisticated means by which to govern, influence and control a population now.
Asch Conformity, Social Sympathetic Compliance, and other Social Modelling methods come to mind.
Most people's compliance, for instance, can be graphed according the amount of time they spend plugged into Online Social Network programs.
The change will be brought about as a result of a felt need for increased efficiency.
jimmyx
by this time, both men had a good idea how hitler was able to influence the german people by the type of propaganda used. the power of hitler to fool his own people into believing what he wanted them to believe, cannot be dismissed.
alldaylong
reply to post by doesntmakesense
Those two English writers were way ahead of their time.
It makes you wonder if they were in fact Time Travelers
SubTruth
jimmyx
by this time, both men had a good idea how hitler was able to influence the german people by the type of propaganda used. the power of hitler to fool his own people into believing what he wanted them to believe, cannot be dismissed.
I have spoken with many German's that lived during that era in Germany. The only thing many of them felt fooled about was the Jewish death camps and even then they had some idea of what was happening. Frankly I think they knew all to well and shame is making them say they were fooled.
Bad men gain and retain power using suffering. When people are suffering they will demand change and then the progressive oligarchy will give them some change. It worked back then and it works till this day. Hitler was a progressive and took inspiration from the early progressive movement in America.
Meanwhile, of course, there may be a large scale biological and atomic war — in which case we shall have nightmares of other and scarcely imaginable kinds. Thank you once again for the book.
The sequel to 2010's Metro 2033 takes place in the year 2034, where nuclear war has turned the world into a post-apocalyptic wasteland meaning the former inhabitants of Moscow must take to the tunnels of the Metro to survive. Players will take control of Artyom, as he tries to fight off the various mutants that haunt the wasteland as well as stop impending civil war.