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Oceanic Influences on Recent Continental Warming
GILBERT P. COMPO
PRASHANT D. SARDESHMUKH
Climate Diagnostics Center,
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado, and
Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
325 Broadway R/PSD1
Boulder CO 80305-3328
[email protected]
(303) 497-6115
(303) 497-6449
Citation:
Compo, G.P., and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2008: Oceanic influences on recent continental warming. Climate
Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/s00382-008-0448-9.
This article is published by Springer-Verlag. This author-created version is distributed courtesy of Springer-Verlag.
The original publication is available from www.springerlink.com at
www.springerlink.com...
Abstract
Evidence is presented that the recent worldwide land warming has occurred largely in response to a worldwide warming of the oceans rather than as a direct response to increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) over land.
Atmospheric model simulations of the last half-century with prescribed observed ocean temperature changes, but without prescribed GHG changes, account for most of the land warming. The oceanic influence has occurred through hydrodynamic-radiative teleconnections, primarily by moistening and warming the air over land and increasing the downward longwave radiation at the surface. The oceans may themselves have warmed from a combination of natural and anthropogenic influences.
recent worldwide land warming has occurred largely in response to a worldwide warming of the oceans rather than as a direct response to increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) over land
...
Current warmth seems to be occurring nearly everywhere at the same time and is largest at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Over the last 50 years, the largest annual and seasonal warmings have occurred in Alaska, Siberia and the Antarctic Peninsula. Most ocean areas have warmed. Because these areas are remote and far away from major cities, it is clear to climatologists that the warming is not due to the influence of pollution from urban areas.
Nature 261, 32 - 34 (06 May 1976); doi:10.1038/261032a0
Glaciations and dense interstellar clouds
BRIAN DENNISON† & V. N. MANSFIELD*‡
†Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346
*Present address: The National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
McCREA has revived the idea that the Earth's ice ages may have been caused by the interaction of the Sun with dense interstellar clouds1. In this theory, originally formulated by Hoyle and Lyttleton2, the solar luminosity is temporarily increased by the accretion of gas on to the Sun when the Solar System passes through a dense interstellar cloud. The increased insolation is assumed to cause an increase in precipitation and ice accumulation. McCrea suggests that the recurrence and duration of ice epochs can be attributed to the passage of the Solar System through compression lanes in the spiral arms. Relative velocities between the Solar System and the clouds range from 5–20 km s−1, but cloud densities of 105–107 hydrogen molecules per cm3 are called for by the model. A study of the character and grain size distribution of texturally mature lunar soils supports this model3. Here we examine several consequences of the passage of a dense cloud through the Solar System and find severe problems for this glaciation mechanism.
Ribbon at Edge of Our Solar System: Will the Sun Enter a Million-Degree Cloud of Interstellar Gas?
ScienceDaily (May 24, 2010) — Is the Sun going to enter a million-degree galactic cloud of interstellar gas soon?
Scientists from the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute, and Boston University suggest that the ribbon of enhanced emissions of energetic neutral atoms, discovered last year by the NASA Small Explorer satellite IBEX, could be explained by a geometric effect coming up because of the approach of the Sun to the boundary between the Local Cloud of interstellar gas and another cloud of a very hot gas called the Local Bubble. If this hypothesis is correct, IBEX is catching matter from a hot neighboring interstellar cloud, which the Sun might enter in a hundred years.
...
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/63ffeeb144dd.jpg[/atsimg]
The Sun traveling through the Galaxy happens to cross at the present time a blob of gas about ten light-years across, with a temperature of 6-7 thousand degrees kelvin. This so-called Local Interstellar Cloud is immersed in a much larger expanse of a million-degree hot gas, named the Local Bubble. The energetic neutral atoms (ENA) are generated by charge exchange at the interface between the two gaseous media. ENA can be observed provided the Sun is close enough to the interface. The apparent Ribbon of ENA discovered by the IBEX satellite can be explained by a geometric effect: one observes many more ENA by looking along a line-of-sight almost tangent to the interface than by looking in the perpendicular direction. (Credit: SRC/Tentaris,ACh/Maciej Frolow)
Our solar system may be headed for an encounter with a dense cloud of interstellar matter
Our solar system may be headed for an encounter with a dense cloud of interstellar matter–gas and dust–that could have substantial implications for our solar systems interplanetary environment, according to University of Chicago astrophysicist Priscilla Frisch. The good news is that it probably won’t happen for 50,000 years. Frisch presented the results of her research Monday, June 10, at the meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Madison, Wisc.
Frisch has been investigating the interstellar gas in the local neighborhood of our solar system, which is called the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM). This interstellar gas is within 100 light years of the Sun. The Sun has a trajectory through space, and for most of the last five million years, said Frisch, it has been moving through a region of space between the spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy that is almost devoid of matter. Only recently, within the last few thousand years, she estimates, the Sun has been traveling through a relatively low-density interstellar cloud.
“This cloud, although low density on average, has a tremendous amount of structure to it,” Frisch said. “And it is not inconsistent with our data that the Sun may eventually encounter a portion of the cloud that is a million times denser than what we’re in now.”
Frisch believes the interstellar cloud through which we’re traveling is a relatively narrow band of dust and gas that lies in a superbubble shell expanding outward from an active star-formation region called the Scorpius-Centaurus Association. “When this superbubble expanded around these stars, it expanded much farther into the region of our galaxy between the spiral arms, where our sun lies, because the density is very low,” Frisch said. “It didn’t expand very far in the direction parallel to the spiral arms because it ran into very dense molecular clouds.”
...
“This cloud, although low density on average, has a tremendous amount of structure to it,” Frisch said. “And it is not inconsistent with our data that the Sun may eventually encounter a portion of the cloud that is a million times denser than what we’re in now.”
Oceans are warming from the top down, not the bottom up. How can the earth's core heat the surface of the worlds oceans and bypass the deep ocean...?
We all know how the Arctic has been warming up, although the evidence suggest this warming is occurring first in the oceans, which would point to the fact that it is probably the Earth's core that has been warming the Arctic and other oceans, hence icebergs have been breaking up.
The earth's oceans cover 72% of its surface. Ocean and atmospheric warming are not limited to industialized areas 'gas and heat disperse or is absorbed'. So it makes perfect sense that the most remote areas of the world would show the first signs of change due to warming (they are made of ice after all).
The fact that also the areas which have been warming the most are very remote locations very far away from sources of anthropogenic pollution, including anthropogenic CO2,
This is simply not true at all. There is not a shred of evidence to suggest solar system wide warming, the claim has been proven false many times.
But even if we were to ignore these facts and some others, such as the fact that Earth has not been the only planet undergoing dramatic Climate Changes in the form of warming, but all planets, and even moons with a dense enough atmosphere have been experiencing warming at about the same time Earth has.
For the planet as a whole, there is little doubt that the inhibition of outgoing longwave radiation by such increases leads to radiative heating of the surface (i.e. the greenhouse effect), with the warming subsequently modified by water vapor and other feedbacks (Houghton et al. 2001).
These simulations had the same specified time-varying boundary conditions as the NCAR/CAM3 integrations, but also specified anthropogenic and natural radiative forcings as in Meehl et al. (2006). The forcings included time-varying solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols, anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, well-mixed GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O), halocarbons, and black carbon aerosols.
Originally posted by Atzil321
I'm not sure what your actual point is in this thread. It is full of contradiction and misinterpretation of data. Here are a few things 'amongst many' that caught my eye...
Originally posted by Atzil321
Oceans are warming from the top down, not the bottom up. How can the earth's core heat the surface of the worlds oceans and bypass the deep ocean...?
Abstract
Evidence is presented that the recent worldwide land warming has occurred largely in response to a worldwide warming of the oceans rather than as a direct response to increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) over land.
The oceanic influence has occurred through hydrodynamic-radiative teleconnections, primarily by moistening and warming the air over land and increasing the downward longwave radiation at the surface. The oceans may themselves have warmed from a combination of natural and anthropogenic influences.
Originally posted by Atzil321The earth's oceans cover 72% of its surface. Ocean and atmospheric warming are not limited to industialized areas 'gas and heat disperse or is absorbed'. So it makes perfect sense that the most remote areas of the world would show the first signs of change due to warming (they are made of ice after all).
Originally posted by Atzil321
This is simply not true at all. There is not a shred of evidence to suggest solar system wide warming, the claim has been proven false many times.
Mars may be going through a period of climate change, new findings from NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter suggest.
Odyssey has been mapping the distribution of materials on and near Mars' surface since early 2002, nearly a full annual cycle on Mars. Besides tracking seasonal changes, such as the advance and retreat of polar dry ice, the orbiter is returning evidence useful for learning about longer-term dynamics.
Martian Ice Shrinking Dramatically
New gullies that did not exist in mid-2002 have appeared on a Martian sand dune.
That's just one of the surprising discoveries that have resulted from the extended life of NASA's Mars Global Surveyor, which this month began its ninth year in orbit around Mars. Boulders tumbling down a Martian slope left tracks that weren't there two years ago. New impact craters formed since the 1970s suggest changes to age-estimating models. And for three Mars summers in a row, deposits of frozen carbon dioxide near Mars' south pole have shrunk from the previous years size, suggesting a climate change in progress.
Prediction of a global climate change on Jupiter
Philip S. Marcus
Jupiter's atmosphere, as observed in the 1979 Voyager space craft images, is characterized by 12 zonal jet streams and about 80 vortices, the largest of which are the Great Red Spot and three White Ovals that had formed1 in the 1930s. The Great Red Spot has been observed2 continuously since 1665 and, given the dynamical similarities between the Great Red Spot and the White Ovals, the disappearance3, 4 of two White Ovals in 1997−2000 was unexpected. Their longevity and sudden demise has been explained5 however, by the trapping of anticyclonic vortices in the troughs of Rossby waves, forcing them to merge.
Pluto is undergoing global warming, researchers find
October 9, 2002
BIRMINGHAM, Ala.--Pluto is undergoing global warming, as evidenced by a three-fold increase in the planet's atmospheric pressure during the past 14 years, a team of astronomers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Williams College, the University of Hawaii, Lowell Observatory and Cornell University announced in a press conference today at the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society's (AAS) Division for Planetary Sciences in Birmingham, AL.
Pluto thought to be warming up
Astronomers at the University of Tasmania have found that the solar system's smallest planet is not getting colder as first thought and it probably does not have rings.
Dr John Greenhill has collected observations from last month's event when Pluto passed in front of a bright star, making it easier to study.
French scientists have shared the measurements they took in Tasmania that night, which indicate that the planet is unlikely to have rings.
Dr Greenhill says the results are surprising because they show Pluto is warming up.
MIT researcher finds evidence of global warming on Neptune's largest moon
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- We're not the only ones experiencing global warming. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher has reported that observations obtained by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based instruments reveal that Neptune's largest moon, Triton, seems to have heated up significantly since the Voyager space probe visited it in 1989. The warming trend is causing part of Triton's surface of frozen nitrogen to turn into gas, thus making its thin atmosphere denser.
While no one is likely to plan a summer vacation on Triton, this report in the June 25 issue of the journal Nature by MIT astronomer James L. Elliot and his colleagues from MIT, Lowell Observatory and Williams College says that the moon is approaching an unusually warm summer season that only happens once every few hundred years. Elliot and his colleagues believe that Triton's warming trend could be driven by seasonal changes in the absorption of solar energy by its polar ice caps.
...
posted 03/20/03
Researcher Finds Solar Trend That Can Warm Climate
Ends debate over whether sun can play a role in climate change
Since the late 1970s, the amount of solar radiation the sun emits during times of quiet sunspot activity has increased by nearly .05 percent per decade, according to the study. “This trend is important because, if sustained over many decades, it could cause significant climate change,” said Willson, a researcher affiliated with NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the Earth Institute at Columbia University, and lead author of the study recently published in Geophysical Research Letters.
“Historical records of solar activity indicate that solar radiation has been increasing since the late 19th century,” says Willson. “If a trend comparable the one found in this study persisted during the 20th century it would have provided a significant component of the global warming that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report claims to have occurred over the last 100 years.”
Willson found errors in previous satellite data that had obscured the trend. The new analysis, Willson says, should put an end to a debate in the field over whether solar irradiance variability can play a significant role in climate change.
The solar cycle occurs approximately every 11 years when the sun undergoes a period of increased magnetic and sunspot activity called the "solar maximum," followed by a quiet period called the "solar minimum." A trend in the average solar radiation level over many solar magnetic cycles would contribute to climate change in a major way. Satellite observations of total solar irradiance have now obtained a long enough record (over 24 years) to begin looking for this effect.
...
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
As with any climate change denial thread, this is just chock full of fail. Let's dive in and see what mess we have here, shall we?
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
Yes, the Arctic has been warming, but no it isn't occurring first in the oceans, it's occurring also in the oceans. Which doesn't point to any sort of "fact" that the planets core is heating the oceans. That "fact" would logically show that the deep ocean (closest to the core) would be very warm, when in fact it's still the frigid 30-36 degrees one would expect. So no icebergs melting because of core temperatures.
A mysterious phenomenon is causing four major glaciers in the Antarctic to shrink in unison, causing a significant increase in sea levels, scientists have found.
The rise in atmospheric temperatures caused by global warming cannot account for the relatively rapid movement of the glaciers into the sea, but scientists suspect that warmer oceans may be playing a role.
"There is a possibility that heat from the ocean is somehow flowing in underneath these glaciers, but it is not related to global warming," said glaciologist Duncan Wingham of University College London. "Something has changed that is causing these glaciers to shrink.
"At this rate the glaciers will all be afloat in 150 years or so."
.....................
However, it would take about 200 years for extra heat from the ocean to reach the underside of the glaciers, which makes it difficult to believe that the present shrinkage is due to global warming, Dr Wingham said.
The Arctic shelf is currently undergoing dramatic thermal changes caused by the continued warming associated with Holocene sea level rise. During this transgression, comparatively warm waters have flooded over cold permafrost areas of the Arctic Shelf. A thermal pulse of more than 10°C is still propagating down into the submerged sediment and may be decomposing gas hydrate as well as permafrost.
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
In the quote you bolded the first sentence of the abstract as if it proves that anthropogenic and GHG sources have nothing to do with climate change. It only speaks to the study itself and the relation between ocean and land. Since 70% of the world is covered by water and the oceans function as an enormous heat-sink, this conclusion that when 70% of the area is heated the other 30% sees an increase seems pretty damn obvious. In the second paragraph of the introduction they say what we already know when they state:
"There is a possibility that heat from the ocean is somehow flowing in underneath these glaciers, but it is not related to global warming... (s)omething has changed that is causing these glaciers to shrink."
Satellite measurements have shown that the Antarctic glaciers are retreating in a uniform manner, suggesting a common cause.
In that article Prof. Wingham is saying that "anthropogenic CO2", which is blamed by some scientists to have cause Global Warming, is not the cause for the melting of these glaciers.
More than 8000 years ago, parts of the Arctic Shelf were an unglaciated coastal plain covered with thick permafrost. As sea levels rose, this permafrost became submerged and is currently inundated by relatively warm seawater. Permafrost is known to contain gas hydrates, a solid phase composed of water and gases that formed under low-temperature, high-pressure conditions. Because disturbances to permafrost may outgas methane, a potent greenhouse gas, Paull et al. (2007) sought to determine whether venting was occurring on the Arctic's submerged Beaufort Sea Shelf. They focused on underwater features similar in shape to terrestrial pingos, which are conical, ice-cored hills.
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
No evidence?!? I showed the evidence within the studies you linked to and quoted from! Your total lack of understanding is the problem, not a "lack" of evidence. You prove it when posting things that don't even show what you claim they do. You conveniently didn't respond to any of the other information I showed from the study. You're a typical denier, cherry picking quotes even within studies showing that it's happening.
Orographic cloud in a GCM: the missing cirrus
Journal Climate Dynamics
Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN 0930-7575 (Print) 1432-0894 (Online)
Issue Volume 24, Numbers 7-8 / June, 2005
DOI 10.1007/s00382-005-0020-9
Pages 771-780
Subject Collection Earth and Environmental Science
SpringerLink Date Monday, May 02, 2005
PDF (702.7 KB)HTMLFree Preview
Orographic cloud in a GCM: the missing cirrus
S. M. Dean1 , B. N. Lawrence2, R. G. Grainger1 and D. N. Heuff3
(1) Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
(2) British Atmospheric Data Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
(3) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Received: 13 September 2004 Accepted: 25 February 2005 Published online: 27 April 2005
Abstract Observations from the International Satellite Cloud Climatalogy Project (ISCCP) are used to demonstrate that the 19-level HadAM3 version of the United Kingdom Met Office Unified Model does not simulate sufficient high cloud over land. By using low-altitude winds, from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Re-Analysis from 1979 to 1994 (ERA-15) to predict the areas of maximum likelihood of orographic wave generation, it is shown that much of the deficiency is likely to be due to the lack of a representation of the orographic cirrus generated by sub-grid scale orography. It is probable that this is a problem in most GCMs.
The widely accepted (albeit unproven) theory that manmade global warming will accelerate itself by creating more heat-trapping clouds is challenged this month in new research from The University of Alabama in Huntsville.
Instead of creating more clouds, individual tropical warming cycles that served as proxies for global warming saw a decrease in the coverage of heat-trapping cirrus clouds, says Dr. Roy Spencer, a principal research scientist in UAHuntsville's Earth System Science Center.
That was not what he expected to find.
"All leading climate models forecast that as the atmosphere warms there should be an increase in high altitude cirrus clouds, which would amplify any warming caused by manmade greenhouse gases," he said. "That amplification is a positive feedback. What we found in month-to-month fluctuations of the tropical climate system was a strongly negative feedback. As the tropical atmosphere warms, cirrus clouds decrease. That allows more infrared heat to escape from the atmosphere to outer space."
The results of this research were published today in the American Geophysical Union's "Geophysical Research Letters" on-line edition. The paper was co-authored by UAHuntsville's Dr. John R. Christy and Dr. W. Danny Braswell, and Dr. Justin Hnilo of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.
Koutsoyiannis, D., A. Efstratiadis, N. Mamassis, and A. Christofides, On the credibility of climate predictions, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 53 (4), 671–684, 2008.
[doc_id=864]
[English]
Geographically distributed predictions of future climate, obtained through climate models, are widely used in hydrology and many other disciplines, typically without assessing their reliability. Here we compare the output of various models to temperature and precipitation observations from eight stations with long (over 100 years) records from around the globe. The results show that models perform poorly, even at a climatic (30-year) scale. Thus local model projections cannot be credible, whereas a common argument that models can perform better at larger spatial scales is unsupported.
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
I guess we'll try again.
Oh, good. Dead end link. I guess I'll find the source myself. Let's see, blogs about Vulcan, some site that is... an Egyptian sun worship site? Yeah, that's about it. No actual study or data, just conjecture... from a professor who has stated a few times that he does believe and agree with climate change models. But let's stick to what little of an "article" this is:
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
So many qualifiers. I wonder why? Maybe it's because he's a glaciologist and is grasping for reasons outside his field and doesn't know? Two things, correlation does not equal causation, and saying "possibly, somehow" over and over means you cannot possibly make a justifiable determination. Apparently his answer is a shrug of the shoulders and a sheepish "I dunno..." Please find a better study.
Originally posted by LuckyLucian
...
Pretty clearly not stating "warming has been linked to be caused by the Holocene warming"(sic). In either case. Damn, you went 0-for again.
Originally posted by LuckyLucianWhat else... then you start yelling about most of the warming being in remote areas. Sigh. The NASA link you used is quite clearly stating that the largest increases are in northern latitudes. Which I explained in a very simple way why that is. But I'll go again. If the entire global average temperature is, say, 55 degrees with polar temperatures at 20, then if the average goes up to 60 globally the polar areas will have the largest temperature change. Amusingly, that's what has happened. The NASA article also doesn't mention CO2. Yet you go on and on about it when discussing it's implications.
Originally posted by this_is_who_we_are
Mega-Flood Triggered Cooling 13,000 Years Ago: Scientists
abcnews.go.com
(visit the link for the full news article)
By David Fogarty, Climate Change Correspondent, Asia
March 31, 2010
SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Scientists say they have found the trigger of a sharp cooling 13,000 years ago that plunged Europe into a mini ice age.
Mark Bateman from the University of Sheffield in England said a catastrophic flood unleashed from a giant North American lake dumped large amounts of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean.
This led to the shutting down of the Gulf Stream ocean circulation pattern that brings warmth t"
Related News Links:
www.physorg.com
Originally posted by this_is_who_we_are
Mega-Flood Triggered Cooling 13,000 Years Ago: Scientists
abcnews.go.com
(visit the link for the full news article)
By David Fogarty, Climate Change Correspondent, Asia
March 31, 2010
SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Scientists say they have found the trigger of a sharp cooling 13,000 years ago that plunged Europe into a mini ice age.
Mark Bateman from the University of Sheffield in England said a catastrophic flood unleashed from a giant North American lake dumped large amounts of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean.
This led to the shutting down of the Gulf Stream ocean circulation pattern that brings warmth t"
Related News Links:
www.physorg.com
www.abovetopsecret.com...
Originally posted by Atzil321
Oceans are warming from the top down, not the bottom up. How can the earth's core heat the surface of the worlds oceans and bypass the deep ocean...?