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Researchers have made stunning progress in genetic engineering and synthetic biology by modifying a strain of Escherichia coli bacteria to be immune to virtually all viral infections.
While the researchers cannot guarantee that no virus can ever infect this modified strain of E. coli, none of the many different types of viruses they tried was capable of breaching the bacteria.
The technology could reduce the threat of viral contamination when using bacteria as biofactories to produce useful substances like insulin and biofuels. In large vats of bacteria, viral infections can halt production, compromise drug safety, and incur costs of millions of dollars.
The study’s first author, Akos Nyerges, a research fellow in genetics in the lab of George Church in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, claims that the team has developed the first technology capable of designing an organism that is immune to any known virus.
When another organism comes across the modified E. coli and shares trickster tRNAs, the misreading of serine codons will damage or kill the receiving cell, preventing further spread.
“Any modified tRNAs that escape won’t get far because they are toxic to natural organisms,” said Nyerges.
... The modified E. coli is 100% dependent on lab-made amino acids that are impossible to find in the wild. If the bacteria were to be taken out of the lab or biofactory and escape, they would die of hunger.