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Read on here news.nationalgeographic.com...
Now scientists are trying to recreate the recipe for the apparently human-made supersoil, which still covers up to 10 percent of the Amazon Basin. Key ingredients included of dirt, charcoal, pottery, human excrement and other waste.
If recreated, the engineered soil could feed the hungry and may even help fight global warming, experts suggest
Terra preta soils are of pre-Columbian nature and were created by man between 7000 BP and 500 BP. The soil's depth can reach 2 metres. Thousands of years after its creation it is reputedly known as self-regenerating at the rate of 1 centimetre per year by the local farmers and caboclos in Brazil's Amazonian basin, and they seek it out for use and for sale as valuable compost.
Terra preta sites are also known in other South American areas (Ecuador, Peru, Guyana), in West Africa (Benin, Liberia), and on the South African savannas. Similar soil was found in late Roman Britain and were known in China as dark earth.