It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Although there is only a negligible increase in the level of radioactivity measured, it is possible to identify the isotopes in the radiation. This allows Health Canada to verify that the incident in Japan is the source of the isotopes. For example, xenon was detected on the fixed point network stations on the west coast. Xenon is an isotope produced from a nuclear reactor. Please note that starting April 1 2011, the daily dose data will be available for select station across Canada and will only be updated 3 times a week; however, Health Canada will continue to monitor the data on a daily basis.
Dutchsinse, April 13, 2011
Here is a list of the radioactive particles in the air. Taken from the 3-16-11 on ZAMG site.
XE-133
CS-134
BA-136M
CS-136
CS 137
I-131
I-132
I-133
TE-132
Higher plumes, reaching 5000 meters (15,000 feet) are forecast to reach Portugal, Spain, and central Europe. All animations are from professional forecasting services. More links available under the Radiation Monitoring category.
Originally posted by phishyblankwatersSource
Oh well that's great I can sleep soundly now, around the time we should be seeing large increases in radiation they decide to stop updating the list daily. AWESOME.
What are the effects of Caesium:
Caesium-133
133Cs is the only naturally occurring and only stable isotope. It is also produced by nuclear fission. It is also used to define the second.
Caesium-134
Caesium-134 has a half-life of 2.0652 years. It is produced both directly (at a very small yield) as a fission product, but not via beta decay of other fission product nuclides of mass 134, since beta decay stops at stable Xe-134. It is also produced via neutron capture from nonradioactive Cs-133 (neutron capture cross section 29 barns) which is a common fission product.
The combined yield of Cs-133 and Cs-134 is given as 6.7896%. The proportion between the two will change with continued neutron irradiation. Cs-134 also captures neutrons with a cross section of 140 barns, becoming long-lived radioactive Cs-135.
It is produced by neutron activation of 133Cs. Only tiny amounts are produced directly as a fission product because Xenon-134 is stable. It is not produced by nuclear weapons because 133Cs is created by beta decay of original fission products only long after the nuclear explosion is over.
Caesium-135
135Cs with a half-life of 2.3 million years is one of seven long-lived fission products. In most nuclear reactors its fission product yield is reduced because its predecessor xenon-135 is an extremely potent neutron poison and often transmuted to stable xenon-136 before it can decay to Cs-135.
Long-lived
fission productsProp:
Unit:t½
MaYield
%Q *
KeVβγ
*99Tc0.2116.1385294β126Sn0.2300.10844050βγ79Se0.3270.0447151β93Zr1.535.457591βγ135Cs2.3 6.9110269β107Pd6.5 1.249933β129I15.7 0.8410194βγ
Caesium-135 is one of the isotopes of caesium. It is mildly radioactive, undergoing low-energy beta decay to barium-135 with a half-life of 2.3 million years. It is one of the 7 long-lived fission products, and the only alkaline one; in nuclear reprocessing it stays with Cs-137 and other medium-lived fission products, rather than with other LLFPs. 135Cs's low decay energy, lack of gamma radiation, and long half-life, make this isotope much less hazardous than Cs-137 or Cs-134.
Its precursor Xenon-135 has a high fission product yield, such as 6.3333% for U-235 and thermal neutrons, but also has the highest knownthermal neutron neutron capture cross section of any nuclide, so much of the Xe-135 produced in current thermal reactors (as much as >90% at steady-state full power [1]) will be converted to stable Xenon-136 before it can decay to Cs-135. Less or no Xe-135 will be destroyed by neutron capture after a reactor shutdown, or in a molten salt reactor that continuously removes xenon from its fuel, afast neutron reactor, or a nuclear weapon.
A nuclear reactor will also produce much smaller amounts of 135Cs from the nonradioactive fission product Caesium-133 by successive neutron capture to Cs-134 and then Cs-135.
135Cs's thermal neutron capture cross section and resonance integral are 8.3±0.3 and 38.1±2.6 barns respectively.[2] Disposal of Cs-135 by nuclear transmutation is difficult, because of the low cross section, because neutron irradiation of mixed-isotope fission caesium produces more Cs-135 from stable Cs-133, and because the intense medium-term radioactivity of Cs-137 makes handling difficult. [3]
Caesium-137
Main article: Caesium-137
137Cs with a half-life of 30.17 years is one of the two principal medium-lived fission products, along with strontium-90, which are responsible for most of the radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel after several years of cooling, up to several hundred years after use. It constitutes most of the radioactivity still left from the Chernobyl accident. 137Cs beta decays to barium-137m (a short-lived nuclear isomer) then to nonradioactive barium-137, and is also a strong emitter of gamma radiation. 137Cs has a very low rate of neutron capture and cannot be feasibly disposed of in this way, but must be allowed to decay. 137Cs has been used as a tracer in hydrologic studies, analogous to the use of 3H.
AND
Caesium-137 reacts with water producing a water-soluble compound (caesium hydroxide), and the biological behavior of caesium is similar to that of potassium and rubidium. After entering the body, caesium gets more or less uniformly distributed throughout the body, with higher concentration in muscle tissues and lower in bones. The biological half-life of caesium is rather short at about 70 days.[7] Experiments with dogs showed that a single dose of 3800 μCi/kg (approx. 44 μg/kg of caesium-137) is lethal within three weeks.[8]
Accidental ingestion of caesium-137 can be treated with Prussian blue, which binds to it chemically and then speeds its expulsion from the body.[9]
The improper handling of caesium-137 gamma ray sources can lead to release of this radio-isotope and radiation injuries. Perhaps the best-known case is the Goiânia accident, in which an improperly-disposed-of radiation therapy system from an abandoned clinic in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, was scavenged from a junkyard, and the glowing caesium salt sold to curious, uneducated buyers. This led to multiple serious injuries and cases of death from radiation exposure.
Caesium gamma-ray sources that have been encased in metallic housings can be mixed-in with scrap metal on its way to smelters, resulting in production of steel contaminated with radioactivity.[10]
One notable example was the Acerinox accident of 1998, when the Spanish recycling company Acerinox accidentally melted down a mass of radioactive caesium-137 that came from a gamma-ray generator.[11]
In 2009, a Chinese cement company in China (the Shaanxi Province) was demolishing an old, unused cement plant and it did not follow the standards for handling radioactive materials. This caused some caesium-137 from a measuring instrument to be melted down along with eight truckloads scrap metal on its way to a steel mill. Hence, the radioactive caesium was melted down into the steel.[12]
What would be considered "dangerous" level?...