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But depending on whether the lineage gets traced through maternal or paternal DNA or through the rest of the genome, researchers got very different answers for whether Ashkenazi originally came from Europe or the Near East.
Past research found that 50 percent to 80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East, Richards said. That supported a story wherein Jews came from Israel and largely eschewed intermarriage when they settled in Europe. [The Holy Land: 7 Amazing Archaeological Finds]
Richards and his colleagues analyzed mitochondrial DNA, which is contained in the cytoplasm of the egg and passed down only from the mother, from more than 3,500 people throughout the Near East, the Caucusus and Europe, including Ashkenazi Jews.
All told, more than 80 percent of the maternal lineages of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced to Europe, with only a few lineages originating in the Near East.
Though I was somewhat familiar with the previous study apparently I had forgotten it was on male DNA. I have known for many years that Jewish lineage is traced through the mother. I have a current Jewish friend who had affirmed this for me.
Consider that Abraham married his half sister by a different mother. Issac, their son, was intructed to go to his mother's family for a wife as was Issac's son Jacob. (The reason or details are not explained but it is implied).
If this is not enough may I offer the below link and please feel free to look for you own.
beingjewish.com
The original and current Jewish definition of a born Jew is someone whose mother is Jewish. Even though the Torah forbids a Jewish woman to marry a Gentile man, if she does, her children will still be Jewish. The Torah also forbids a Jewish man to marry a Gentile woman, and if he does, his children by that woman will not be Jewish.
A few hundred years later it was okay to marry a women who had converted to the Jewish religion. They mystically became Jewish. I suspect they forgot what their heritage was about.
Patrilineal Dna is passed only from male to male, never to female. mtDNA is passed to both daughter and son. This would explain why heritage stems from the female. If the son of a Jewish mother does not marry the daughter of a Jewish mother, their children do not get mtDNA. Makes one question; what is it about mtDNA? I have my own theory on that but that is the subject of another 'speculative' thread.
additional links.
haaretz
It is my hope that this will be an open discussion with no derogatory remarks. If you disagree, feel free to post your evidence.
Also, to be sure, I am a 'jack (thinker of all things) of all trades, master of none'.edit on 13-10-2013 by liveandlearn because: (no reason given)
The Thirteenth Tribe (1976) is a book by Arthur Koestler, which advances the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people.
Koestler's hypothesis is that the Khazars (who converted to Judaism in the 8th century) migrated westwards into Eastern Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Khazar Empire was collapsing.
Maluhia
Hate to cite Wikipedia, but what you posted does seem to give some credence to what Arthur Koestler claimed in his book "The Thirteenth Tribe"
The Thirteenth Tribe (1976) is a book by Arthur Koestler, which advances the thesis that Ashkenazi Jews are not descended from the historical Israelites of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people.
Koestler's hypothesis is that the Khazars (who converted to Judaism in the 8th century) migrated westwards into Eastern Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Khazar Empire was collapsing.
Obviously, the book caused quite a controversy.
en.wikipedia.org...edit on 13-10-2013 by Maluhia because: (no reason given)
Virtually none came from the North Caucasus, located along the border between Europe and Asia between the Black and Caspian seas.
The finding should thoroughly debunk one of the most questionable, but still tenacious, hypotheses: that most Ashkenazi Jews can trace their roots to the mysterious Khazar Kingdom that flourished during the ninth century in the region between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire, Richards and Ostrer said.
The Radhanites (also Radanites, Hebrew sing. רדהני Radhani, pl. רדהנים Radhanim; Arabic الرذنية ar-Raðaniyya) were medieval Jewish merchants. Whether the term, which is used by only a limited number of primary sources, refers to a specific guild, or a clan, or is a generic term for Jewish merchants in the trans-Eurasian trade network is unclear. Jewish merchants were involved in trade between the Christian and Islamic worlds during the early Middle Ages (approx. 500–1000). Many trade routes previously established under the Roman Empire continued to function during that period largely through their efforts. Their trade network covered much of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and parts of India and China.
When male DNA was done and it found most came from near east, it was assumed their wives were converted Khazars, as best I can remember. Though I could be wrong.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup K is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup, defined by HVR1 mutations 16224C and 16311C.
Haplogroup K appears in West Eurasia, North Africa, and South Asia and in populations with such an ancestry. Haplogroup K is found in approximately 10% of native Europeans.[5][6] Overall mtDNA Haplogroup K is found in about 6% of the population of Europe and the Near East, but it is more common in certain of these populations. Approximately 16% of the Druze of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, belong to haplogroup K. It was also found in a significant group of Palestinian Arabs.[7] K reaches a level of 17% in Kurdistan.[8]
Approximately 32% of people with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry are in haplogroup K. This high percentage points to a genetic bottleneck occurring some 100 generations ago.[7] Ashkenazi mtDNA K clusters into three subclades seldom found in non-Jews: K1a1b1a, K1a9, and K2a2a. Thus it is possible to detect three individual female ancestors, likely from a Hebrew/Levantine mtDNA pool, whose descendants lived in Europe.[9]
The average of European K frequency is 5.6%. K appears to be highest in the Morbihan (17.5%) and Périgord-Limousin (15.3%) regions of France, and in Norway and Bulgaria (13.3%).[10] The level is 12.5% in Belgium, 11% in Georgia and 10% in Austria and Great Britain.[8]
pstrron
OP this has been proven beyond a doubt by two DNA peer reviewed studies yet it is kept quiet. The facts are;
DNA findings done by Dr. Eran Elhaik (“a Jew”) and associates at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. In research accepted December 5, 2012 and published by the Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Molecular Biology and Evolution, it was found that the “Khazarian Hypothesis” is scientifically correct.
This backs up the DNA findings done by Dr. Ariella Oppenheim, of Hebrew University, a biologist. Dr. Ariella Oppenheim published the first extensive study of DNA and the origin of the Jews in 2001. Her research found that virtually all the Jews came from Khazar blood. Not only that but Dr. Oppenheim also discovered that the Palestinians—the very people whom the Jews have been persecuting and ejecting from Israel’s land since 1948—have more Israelite blood than did the Jews.
The simple fact of the matter is, the so called "Jews" are not "Jews" at all, have no right to the land they claim as theirs and nothing short of lairs and fraudsters usurping the rightful owners of the land.
The undeniable evidence of DNA continues to be swept under the rug to perpetuate the Jewish lie. Now there is a conspiracy if anyone cares to look and it really is not a conspiracy, it's a fact. Those that would throw the race card in this matter are throwing a false card. People are called anti-Semite if they say anything against the Jews or Israel. My question is; how could they be anti-Semite when the Jews are not Jews or of Semitic origin? Personally I have no hatred for them but they need to stop the genocide and stop claiming to be that which they are not.
SNIPedit on 10/13/2013 by Blaine91555 because: Comment intended to bait snipped.
I have to ask, were the studies of patrilineal DNA or mtDNA?
source: The Missing Link of Jewish European Ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian Hypotheses.
A total of 11,392 samples were assembled for mtDNA (6,089) and Y-chromosomal (5,303) analyses from 27 populations...
Archaeogenetics can help to resolve this dispute. Y-chromosome studies have shown that the male line of descent does indeed seem to trace back to the Middle East. But the female line, which can be illuminated by studies of mitochondrial DNA has until now proved more difficult to interpret. This would be especially intriguing because Judaism has been inherited maternally for about 2000 years.
We have settled this issue by looking at large numbers of whole mitochondrial genomes -- sequencing the full 16,568 bases of the molecule -- in many people from across Europe, the Caucasus and the Middle East. We have found that, in the vast majority of cases, Ashkenazi lineages are most closely related to southern and western European lineages -- and that these lineages have been present in Europe for many thousands of years.