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The Zapruder Film
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(Source)
On 22nd November, 1963, Abraham Zapruder filmed the motorcade of President John F. Kennedy. He later explained to Wesley J. Liebeler about the background to the filming. "I didn't have my camera but my secretary (Lillian Rogers) asked me why I don't have it and I told her I wouldn't have a chance even to see the President and somehow she urged me and I went home and got my camera."
According to Jim Marrs: "Zapruder made a fourteen-mile round trip drive home to pick up his camera.By the time he returned, crowds were already gathering to watch the motorcade." Zapruder told the Warren Commission: "I thought I might take pictures from the window because my building is right next to the building where the alleged assassin was, and it's just across 501 Elm Street, but I figured - I may go down and get better pictures, and I walked down. I believe it was Elm Street and on down to the lower part, closer to the underpass and I was trying to pick a space from where to take those pictures and I tried one place and it was on a narrow ledge and I couldn't balance myself very much. I tried another place and that had some obstruction of signs or whatever it was there and finally I found a place farther down near the underpass that was a square of concrete I don't know what you call it maybe about 4 feet high." Zapruder decided to take his receptionist, Marilyn Sitzman, with him to Dealey Plaza.
Abraham Zapruder went on to tell Wesley J. Liebeler: "I heard the first shot and I saw the President lean over and grab himself like this (holding his left chest area)... I thought I heard two (shots), it could be three, because to my estimation I thought he was hit on the second - I really don't know. The whole thing that has been transpiring - it was very upsetting and as you see I got a little better all the time and this came up again and it to me looked like the second shot, but I don't know. I never even heard a third shot."
On his return to his office he told Lillian Rogers " to call the police or the Secret Service... I just went to my desk and stopped there until the police came and then we were required to get a place to develop the films. I knew I had something, I figured it might be of some help - I didn't know what." Zapruder's colour film shows the entire assassination sequence and became an important part of the evidence looked at by those investigating the assassination.
By 25th November, 1963, Zapuder's film had been sold to Life Magazine. In charge of the purchase was C. D. Jackson, a close friend of Henry Luce, the owner of the magazine. According to Carl Bernstein, Jackson was "Henry Luce's personal emissary to the CIA". When appearing before the Warren Commission, Zapruder claimed he received $25,000 and then gave this money to the Firemen's and Policemen's Benevolence. However, when the contract was eventually published it showed that Zapruder received $150,000 for the eighteen-second film.
Zapruder later testified before the Warren Commission, and the CBS: The Warren Report. The Zapruder Film was also an important part of the evidence used by the Warren Commission.
Abraham Zapruder died of cancer in Dallas on 30th August, 1970.
The Nix Film
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The Bell Film
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The Hughes Film
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The Bronson Film
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(Source)
For 45 year-old engineer Charles Bronson, November 22, 1963 was the culmination of a lifelong goal to see a president of the United States in person. Along with his wife, Frances, he traveled to Dealey Plaza with not one but two cameras, a Leica Model III for taking still photographs and a Keystone Olympic K-35 for filming color home movies.
The Bronsons stood atop a concrete pedestal in Dealey Plaza at the southwest corner of Main and Houston streets. When an ambulance arrived in the plaza to pick up an epileptic seizure victim a few minutes before the motorcade reached the area, Bronson filmed a short sequence “to capture that little bit of excitement,” not realizing that he also captured a portion of the Texas School Book Depository building on film.
As the presidential limousine drew near, Bronson filmed another brief sequence with his home movie camera before switching to take two still photographs as the car approached the turn onto Houston Street. Switching cameras again, Bronson filmed the limousine as it traveled north on Houston Street. He was holding his Leica camera, ready to take another still, when the first shot was fired and he instinctively snapped a photograph.
Within seconds, as the shooting continued, Bronson raised his home movie camera. His two-second clip captured the fatal shot to President Kennedy. Frances Bronson was watching through binoculars and did not realize what was happening. “I didn’t pay any attention to it,” she recalled in her 1996 oral history. “In fact, it didn’t register on me until Charles said, ‘Let’s get out of here. That’s a gun.’ ” The Bronsons immediately left the scene, and it was not until he returned to work that afternoon that he learned the president was dead.
The Muchmore Film
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(Source: Wikipedia: Mary Muchmore)
Marie M. Muchmore (August 5, 1909, Ardmore, Oklahoma – April 26, 1990, Dallas, Texas) was one of the witnesses to the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. A color 8 mm film that Muchmore photographed is one of the primary documents of the Kennedy assassination. The Muchmore film, with other 8 mm films taken by Abraham Zapruder and Orville Nix, was used by the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination and to position the presidential limousine in a forensic recreation of the event in May 1964.
Muchmore was born Marie Mobley in Ardmore, Oklahoma. Her mother was half Chickasaw Indian. One of her sisters, Aurelia, became a noted operatic soprano under the name Lushanya Mobley (1906–1990). Marie had no children.
Muchmore was an employee of "Justin McCarty Dress Manufacturer" in Dallas (707 Young Street which was four blocks south of the Texas School Book Depository), and was in Dealey Plaza with five other employees, including Wilma Bond, who had a still camera. She set up her 8 mm Keystone movie camera near the northwest corner of Main Street and Houston Street and awaited the president’s arrival. The Muchmore film consists of seven sequences: six before the assassination, and one during the shooting. Muchmore began filming the presidential motorcade with her movie camera from her initial location near the northwest corner of Main Street and Houston Street as the motorcade turned onto Houston Street into Dealey Plaza. She then turned and walked with Wilma Bond several yards northwestward to again film the President's limousine as it went down Elm Street. Her film then captured the fatal head shot, seen from about 138 feet (42 m) away. The film ends seconds later as Secret Service agent Clint Hill, attempting to protect President Kennedy, runs to, then, quickly climbs board the accelerating limousine.
Muchmore sold the undeveloped film to the Dallas office of United Press International on November 25, 1963, for $1,000. It was processed by Kodak in Dallas, and flown to New York City. It appeared the following day on local television station WNEW-TV. The film now belongs to the Associated Press Television News, which restored it in 2002.
While visiting her family in Oklahoma for Thanksgiving, Muchmore told them about the film she had taken of the assassination; her family then told the FBI about the film. The FBI initially interviewed Muchmore in December 1963, during which she admitted she had a camera with her but denied that she took any pictures of the assassination scene. The FBI was unaware of the film's existence until a frame enlargement was published in the UPI book Four Days: The Historical Record of the Death of President Kennedy in January 1964. A subsequent FBI interview in February 1964 says:
Mrs. Muchmore stated that after the car turned on Elm Street from Houston Street, she heard a loud noise which at first she thought was a firecracker but then with the crowd of people running in all directions and hearing the two further noises, sounding like gunfire, she advised that she began to run to find a place to hide.
The Towner Film
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(Source)
At 13 years old in 1963, Tina Towner was already experienced in using her father’s Sears Tower Varizoom home movie camera. “He let me take all of the photographs,” she remembered in her 1996 oral history. “I took quite a few movies with that camera.”
Excused from school on November 22, 1963, Tina accompanied her parents, James and Patricia, to Dealey Plaza to view the presidential parade. Around 11 a.m., the family positioned themselves in Dealey Plaza on the southwest corner of Elm and Houston streets, across from the entrance to the Texas School Book Depository. Jim Towner took a still photograph while Tina, standing to his right, used the family’s home movie camera to capture a film of the motorcade as it turned onto Elm Street, seconds before shots were fired.
Having served in the military, Jim Towner recognized gunfire immediately. He later recalled, “Pat said, ‘Oh mercy, some fool is shooting firecrackers.’ I said, ‘That’s no firecracker. That’s a .30-06 rifle.’ ” Minutes after the shooting, Tina filmed a few additional seconds of footage. “When I finished shooting the pictures of him coming around the corner, I hadn’t heard the film finish up. So, I took a few more pictures or frames after that.” This final sequence showed the grassy knoll in the aftermath of the assassination.
The Paschall Film
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The Darnell Film
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The Jefferies film
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The Wiegman film
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The Daniels Film
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(Source)
Jack W. Daniel hoped to capture a home movie of President Kennedy against the picturesque backdrop of Dealey Plaza, especially the area now known as the grassy knoll. “My original plan was to go across the street about even from where... [Abraham] Zapruder was, so I could film back towards the Dealey Plaza, being the most photogenic place,” he recalled in his 1997 oral history.
However, even more important to Daniel than a natural green background was the opportunity for his three young sons to have a clear view of President Kennedy—and vice versa. At the last minute, he instead selected a less crowded area on the west side of the triple underpass. He recalled, “I thought it would be a little more personal thing—the boys waving at the president, and the president waving back.”
Armed with his pistol-grip Argus home movie camera, he purposely stood several feet behind his children so that they could be captured on film waving at the president. “I told my boys, ‘Now when the motorcade turns off of Main Street, start waving because he’ll be here in seconds.’”
Seconds later, Daniel and his sons heard shots being fired, but two of his sons continued to wave as the motorcade emerged from the triple underpass. As the limousine sped past their position in a blur, Daniel captured the confusing scene on film.
The Mentesana film
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The Dorman Film
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The Martin Film
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The Couch Film
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(Source)
Even as I hit the ground, my first instinct was to look back up to that man on the sixth floor. “Was he going to fire again?” I wondered. By now the motorcade was beginning to speed up and in only a couple of seconds the President’s car had disappeared under the triple underpass. To my amazement the man still stood there in the window! He didn’t appear to be rushed. There was no particular emotion visible on his face except for a slight smirk. It was a look of satisfaction, as if he had accomplished what he had set out to do. He seemed pleased that no one had realized where the shots were coming from. Then he did something that puzzled me. Very slowly and deliberately he set the rifle on its butt and just stayed there for a moment to savor what he had done, like a hunter who has “bagged his buck.” Then, with no sense of haste, he simply moved slowly away from the window until he disappeared from my line of vision.
Originally posted by Rising Against
This film is very interesting as, according to some researchers, it shows the exact timing of when the first shot was fired. Unfortunately though, the film is damaged at this exact time - the previous film I discussed, the Hughes Film, was damaged at the exact same time as the Towner film also.
Mrs. Muchmore stated that after the car turned on Elm Street from Houston Street, she heard a loud noise which at first she thought was a firecracker but then with the crowd of people running in all directions and hearing the two further noises, sounding like gunfire, she advised that she began to run to find a place to hide.
I was unable to watch the last one, but will later.
If you follow my theory that the shot from behind the picket fence was the FIRST shot that hit the President in the throat
President's head at Z-312 was downwards.
...i thought that oswald was either in a photo or a video taken of the front of the tsbd just prior to the assassination... have you (or anyone else) heard that before?...
(Source)
Billy Nolan Lovelady was born in Myrtle Springs, Texas, on 19th February, 1937. He worked as a farm labourer until finding employment in the Texas School Book Depository in December, 1961.
On 22nd November, 1963, Lovelady was working on the 6th Floor of the Texas School Book Depository. He was sitting on the steps outside the building when President John F. Kennedy and his motorcade went past. He told the Warren Commission that the shooting came from "that concrete little deal on that knoll". Afterwards, Lovelady and his friends ran towards the Grassy Knoll but they went sent back by the police in that area.
Later it was discovered that Lovelady appeared in a photograph taken by J. W. Altgens at the time the shooting took place. Some researchers have claimed that the photograph was of Lee Harvey Oswald rather than Lovelady. This issue was looked at by the House Select Committee on Assassinations. They claimed that the man in the photograph was Lovelady and not Oswald.
Billy Nolan Lovelady died in January, 1979, during the HSCA hearings.