reply to post by anti72
Hi Anti 72--
Although it is quite true that 2 of the 3 major ancient Greek Codices ( e.g. Codex Sinaiticus c. 380 CE and Codex Alexandrinus (c. 370 CE) of the
‘Book of Revelation’ at Rev. 13:18 both have ‘666’ as the Number of the Beast [ ‘being the Number of a Man…let he who has Understanding
calculate the Number of his Name...'] …interestingly, perhaps, some older Papyri (e.g. P. Oxy LVI 4499 from c. 275 CE) along with the Major Codex
Ephraemi Palimsest (c. 340 CE) have ‘616’ instead of ‘666’
See:
www.csad.ox.ac.uk...
So we have to be very careful to note that 666 and 616 are BOTH found in the ancient (albeit mangled) Greek textual traditions – although persons
who style themselves ‘christians’ are rarely told that their bibles contain contradictory information in the Greek NT textual families… (you can
read all about these anomalies in Bart Ehrman’s books written for the layperson…)
Since from other clues within the text of the ‘book of Revelatiion’ we can see that the original form of the book was probably written c. 68-69 CE
during the so-called ‘Year of the 4 Caesars’ during the hiatus in the middle of the 1st Failed Jewish War against Rome (66-72 CE) – so we should
be looking for a Roman Emperor who was around at that time (e.g. Nero, Otho, Galba, Vitellius, Vespasian etal.)
The 666 number of the ‘name’ seems best to fit the Emperor Nero (who was said to have disappeared c. April of 68 CE) with the spelling of the
name as NeRON QSR expressed in numerical gemmatria (see below) i.e. Nero Caesar in common Heb. Spelling
And the 616 variant seems to refer to the spelling of Nero as NRO QSR (i.e. the same Nero Caesar in an alternate Hebrew spelling).
This of course presumes that the author(s) of this passage in Rev chapter 13 were using HEBREW Gemmatria not Greek Gemmatria.
Some modern attempts to show that the gemmatria referred to in Rev 13 was in fact the Roman Emperor Gaius (i.e. Caligula, ‘little boots’) via the
use of purely Greek Gemmatria are interesting to say the least – but this only adds up to 616 and does not figure the 666 variant in the Greek MSS
the way the same name NERO CAESAR does in both of its spelling variations.
A Little Background for the Newcomer here.
The actual term, ‘Gematria’ comes from two (2) Greek words - Gamma + Tria - i.e. the 3rd Greek Letter GAMMA equals the Number THREE) and refers
to the occult letter-numerical reckoning of names (known since the time of Sargon I in Assyria c. 2240 BCE who had his statues engraved ‘and encoded
with the number of his Name’) and was thought to have ‘divine-mystical’ import (like the Pythagoreans who believed in Creation of the Universe,
like musical intervals to have been based on mystical numbers and ‘sacred numerical proportions’ etc.)
Post-Exilic Jews who were influenced by Assyro Babylonian gemmatria (especially during the Persian period c. 531 – 331 BCE) took a kind of
sacred-prophetic interest in the fact that certain consonants in Hebrew in one word or phrase can be seen to ‘add up’ to the same number of
another word or phrase – later Rebbes saw that there ‘was a divine connexion’ set up therefore between them, e.g. the word for ‘secret’ and
the word for ‘wine’ had the same Gemmatrial number, so they came up with a linked idea (e.g. ‘The drinking of WINE reveals the SECRETS of men’
etc.)
Thus (to take a random example) the gemmatrial number 57 is the gemmatrial equivalent (using Phanim Gemmatria – see below) for several discrete
words, e.g. ALTAR ( Mem – Zayin – Beth – Chet), RITUAL PURITY (Zayin – Kaph – Nun) and CLOTHES (Gimmel – Vav – Daled – Yod – Mem) -
so Rebbe’s would posit a link between the altar of YHWH and the clothes worn and ritual purity etc.
Here is one of 72 different Gemmatrial Hebrew systems (some of them were known used before the time of Caesar, and we see some knowledge of them
amongst the Dead Sea Scroll corpus)
e.g. the first (most basic) system of 72 such gemmatrial systems called 'Mishphar ha-Phanim' ('absolute' numbering of letters Aleph to Tav –
with the (5) final letter forms (SOFIT) not distinguished numerically )
Aleph = 1
Beth =2
Gimmel =3
Daled = 4
He = 5
Vav = 6
Tzayin = 7
Chet = 8
Tet = 9
Yod =10
Kaph = 20
Lamed = 30
Mem = 40
Nun = 50
Samek = 60
'Qayin = 70
Phe = 80
Tsadeh = 90
Quph =100
Resh = 200
Shin-Sin = 300
Tav = 400
i.e. the above is without any recourse to the 5 Sofit letter endings (the five Heb. letters with different ending forms e.g. Kaph, Mem, Nun, Phe and
Tsadeh)
Then there is #2 which is the Mishpar haPhanim Gadol with the 5 sofit ending-letters having additional numbering, continuing the sequence all the way
to 900
'Aleph = 1
Beth =2
Gimmel =3
Daled = 4
He = 5
Vav = 6
Tzayin = 7
Chet = 8
Tet = 9
Yod =10
Kaph = 20
Lamed = 30
Mem = 40
Nun = 50
Samek = 60
'Qayin = 70
Phe = 80
Tsadeh = 90
Quph =100
Resh = 200
Shin-Sin = 300
Tav = 400
final form sofit Kaph = 500
final form sofit Mem = 600
final form sofit Nun = 700
final form sofit Phe - 800
final form sofit Tsadeh = 900
Hebrew is typically written in ancient texts without vowels (i.e. ‘unpointed’) but Long O and Long U were often designated with the letter VAV –
So with the (616) version of NERO CAESAR in Ephraemi Palimsest and the Oxyrrhynchus Papyrus P.Oxy. LVI 4499 we would take the consonants NRV (nun resh
vav) and QSR (quph, samek and resh) to get:
NUN = 50 RESH = 200 VAV = 6
QUPH = 100 SAMEK = 60 RESH = 200
=616
And with the (666) version (e.g. in the Codex Alexandrinus and Sinaiticus) we would have:
NUN = 50 RESH = 200 VAV = 6 NUN = 50
QUPH = 100 SAMEK = 60 RESH = 200
=666
Sooo...in a nutshell...any intelligent discussion of the 'True Meaning of 666' therefore would naturally have to take into account the fact that
BOTH 616 and 666 are reflected in the Greek manuscript traditions from antiquity – and to assume that 666 is the only number (or that it appears as
666 in all the manuscripts of the ‘book of Revelation’) would be grossly inaccurate…and certainly no help to understanding the original intent
of the writer who seems to have had as his purpose to encourage zionist messianists to hold firm for divine intervention against the invading Gentile
forces (i.e. the Romans) who were by 69 CE ready to re-invade Eretz Yisro'el...and destroy the Temple, having recently occupied it (see Rev. 11:2 -
'but measure not the outer court of the goyim, for it has already been given over to the goyim, and they shall trample it under foot for 42
months...i.e. 1260 days)
Does any of this help ?