It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Gifford and his colleagues studied grey mouse lemurs, squirrel-sized, saucer-eyed primates found on the island nation of Madagascar, off the west coast of Africa. They found that the lemur genomes they studied carried lentiviruses, which are among a family of viruses that include HIV. Lentiviruses have been intensely studied since the emergence of AIDS in 1981.
While the discovery of lentiviruses in lemurs itself surprised the researchers, what especially stunned them was the realization that lemurs must have carried the virus for at least 14 million years. That was the last time a land bridge may have existed between the island and the mainland, providing an opportunity for another species infected with the virus to pass it to the geographically-isolated animals, which are native only to Madagascar.
At the outside, lemurs may have carried the virus for as long as 85 million years, when the primate family that includes lemurs split from the evolutionary branch that gave rise to monkeys, apes and humans.
Honing in on how long species carrying lentiviruses have harbored the pathogens helps scientists understand how they spread and evolve in wild populations, and the prevalence of biological defenses against them. Certain species of primates, such as mandrills, sooty mangabeys and green monkeys, harbor the viruses without getting ill.
That knowledge, in turn, could be used to protect humans from transmission of other HIV-like viruses still confined to wildlife. It could also aid in drug development by pinpointing those features of the virus which remain fixed through its long evolution. These fixed features may prove critical for normal functioning of the virus, and provide a vulnerable target for new AIDS drugs.
One strain of HIV, called HIV-2, is widely accepted to have been passed from sooty mangabeys in West Africa to humans, probably bushmeat hunters or those keeping the primates as pets, or both. Scientists believe the other strain, HIV-1, was passed from chimpanzees to humans.