Comet SWAN's unusual orbit appears to be hyperbolic, meaning that it will likely go off into interstellar space, never to return.
This particular statement needs a bit of clarification.
Firstly, C/2006 M4 (Swan) does
not have an "unusual" orbit. The fact that it has been calculated to be slightly hyperbolic is nothing new.
Lots of comets have very similar orbital characteristics.
Secondly, the fact that the orbit is very slightly hyperbolic does
not necessarily mean that the comet will "likely go off into interstellar
space, never to return". The reason for this is that the orbit has been calculated with the
Sun as the centre of mass. However, beyond the
orbits of the giant planets, it is the centre of mass of the
Solar System that counts. Even though the Sun contains 99.87 per cent of the
entire mass in the system, it is appreciably perturbed by the giant planets (particularly Jupiter). This causes the Sun to "wobble" (since the Sun
and Jupiter orbit about their common centre of mass, and this is located an appreciable distance from the Sun's centre).
In short, the orbital eccentricity* of C/2006 M4 (Swan) will almost certainly be slightly less than 1.0 when the comet returns to the outer Solar
System. Therefore, it will still be gravitationally bound to the Sun (however loosely that may be).
* The orbital eccentricity determines the type of orbit.
If e1, the orbit is hyperbolic.
Only
one comet in recorded history has a confirmed hyperbolic orbit. That comet is called C/1980 E1 (Bowell), and the only reason that it has
an orbit of this type is because it made a close approach to Jupiter (approx. 0.18AU; only just beyond the orbits of the planet's outermost
satellites) less than two years before perihelion passage in January 1982. This comet has been ejected from the Solar System forever, and is on its
way to the stars.
[edit on 18-10-2006 by Mogget]
[edit on 18-10-2006 by Mogget]