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Now, an interdisciplinary team of engineers, biologists, and geneticists has developed a new way of studying the heart: they've built a miniature replica of a heart chamber from a combination of nanoengineered parts and human heart tissue. There are no springs or external power sources -- like the real thing, it just beats by itself, driven by the live heart tissue grown from stem cells. The device could give researchers a more accurate view of how the organ works, allowing them to track how the heart grows in the embryo, study the impact of disease, and test the potential effectiveness and side effects of new treatments -- all at zero risk to patients and without leaving a lab.
"We can study disease progression in a way that hasn't been possible before," says Alice White, a BU College of Engineering professor and chair of mechanical engineering. "We chose to work on heart tissue because of its particularly complicated mechanics, but we showed that, when you take nanotechnology and marry it with tissue engineering, there's potential for replicating this for multiple organs."
According to the researchers, the device could eventually speed up the drug development process, making it faster and cheaper. Instead of spending millions -- and possibly decades -- moving a medicinal drug through the development pipeline only to see it fall at the final hurdle when tested in people, researchers could use the miniPUMP at the outset to better predict success or failure.
"With this system, if I take cells from you, I can see how the drug would react in you, because these are your cells," says Michas. "This system replicates better some of the function of the heart, but at the same time, gives us the flexibility of having different humans that it replicates. It's a more predictive model to see what would happen in humans -- without actually getting into humans."
"There are so many research applications," says Chen. "In addition to giving us access to human heart muscle for studying disease and pathology, this work paves the way to making heart patches that could ultimately be for someone who had a defect in their current heart."
A team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has induced stem cells to emulate the development of the human heart. The result is a sort of "mini-heart" known as an organoid. ..
Prof. Moretti and her team are the first researchers in the world to successfully create an organoid containing both heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) and cells of the outer layer of the heart wall (epicardium). In the young history of heart organoids—the first were described in 2021—researchers had previously created only organoids with cardiomyocytes and cells from the inner layer of the heart wall (endocardium).