A multi-omics based anti-inflammatory immune signature characterizes long COVID-19 syndrome

Using mass spectrometry-based post-genomic analysis methods, researchers at the Joint Metabolome Facility (University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna) have focused on Long Covid Syndrome.

In long covid patients, the researchers were able to identify a number of anti-inflammatory proteins, lipids, and metabolites that, although maybe contributing to the most significant LCS symptoms, also point to the establishment of alternatively polarized macrophages as the underlying reason. The work offers proof that a lack of acute phase proteins can be used to account for the virus's increased infectiousness (e.g., SERPINA5). The anti-inflammatory metabolites osmolytes, taurine, and hypaphorine were also found to be significantly up regulated in LCS patients, as the researchers were able to demonstrate. Hypaphorine is known to cause animals to fall asleep on their own, indicating a direct connection to exhaustion syndrome.

The blood plasma analyses of LCS patients provide a thorough understanding of the patients' physiological processes. It became clear that the so-called alternatively polarized macrophages were actively involved in the cases of LCS patients. These cells, which are in charge of orchestrating regenerative processes, are frequently generated following all types of infections. Proteins, lipids, and metabolites make up the molecular profile of LCS patients, which is fairly typical for these cells.

Summary
To investigate long COVID-19 syndrome (LCS) pathophysiology, we performed an exploratory study with blood plasma derived from three groups: 1) healthy vaccinated individuals without SARS-CoV-2 exposure; 2) asymptomatic recovered patients at least three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and; 3) symptomatic patients at least 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection with chronic fatigue syndrome or similar symptoms, here designated as patients with long COVID-19 syndrome (LCS). Multiplex cytokine profiling indicated slightly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in recovered individuals in contrast to patients with LCS. Plasma proteomics demonstrated low levels of acute phase proteins and macrophage-derived secreted proteins in LCS. High levels of anti-inflammatory oxylipins including omega-3 fatty acids in LCS were detected by eicosadomics, whereas targeted metabolic profiling indicated high levels of anti-inflammatory osmolytes taurine and hypaphorine, but low amino acid and triglyceride levels and deregulated acylcarnitines. A model considering alternatively polarized macrophages as a major contributor to these molecular alterations is presented.

A multi-omics based anti-inflammatory immune signature characterizes long COVID-19 syndrome

My first thought was that the immune system was over-reacting, but it really does not seem to be that simple. However, it is reassuring that there are investigations into long Covid.

The team found that profound alterations in many immune cell types often persisted for weeks or even months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These problems resolved themselves very differently depending on the type of immune cell. Some recover while some remain markedly abnormal, or show only limited recovery, even after systemic inflammation has resolved and patients have been discharged from hospital.

www.ukri.org... /

Yes, high levels of anti-inflammatory immune response. Because the spike protein acts like a large extra-cellular parasite running around in your bodily fluids, causing damage to the blood vessels walls with its spikeyness. This then causes the HL2 immune system which is anti-inflammatory in nature to clamp down and restrict the parasites movements. So with three jabs your HL2 immune system is so perked up looking for a spike protein, it clamps down with an anti-inflammatory response.

The HL2 immune system is the opposite of the HL1 immune system which deals with intra-cellular parasites like viruses, bacteria, cancers. The HL1 immune system is inflammatory in nature to let the white blood cells get in and clean up the mess made by those things.

So when your HL2 immune system encounters a spike protein such as covid, it clamps down, which weakens your immune systems ability to deal with viruses, bacteria, cancers.

Its why cancers are sky rocketing, the vaxxed have a weakened immune system and catch covid more than unvaxxed, as well as other viruses, bacteria.

This research just proves it.

This is immunology 101.

a reply to: DaRAGE

Reading your post was strange because I have long covid and off and on when my husband asks me if I am feeling any better - I keep telling him that it feels as if something is inside my body running around like an internal bug - he just cringes every time I explain it that way.

a reply to: quintessentone

Well at least you know why you feel that way now. Better than not knowing right?

DaRage, I thought you might find this new study interesting, in that, autopsies were performed on unvax'd cases and their findings show how the virus attacks and lingers in many areas of the body.

Summary: Autopsy tissue samples of 44 people who died of COVID-19 showed SAR-CoV-2, the virus responsible for coronavirus, spread throughout the body and to the brain, with traces of the virus lingering for 8 months.

Source: University of Minnesota

An analysis of tissue samples from the autopsies of 44 people who died with COVID-19 shows that SAR-CoV-2 virus spread throughout the body—including into the brain—and that it lingered for almost eight months.

The study was published in Nature.

Scientists from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) tested samples from autopsies that were performed from April 2020 to March 2021. They conducted extensive sampling of the nervous system, including the brain, in 11 of the patients.

RNA and viable virus in various organs

All of the patients died with COVID-19, and none were vaccinated. The blood plasma of 38 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, three tested negative, and plasma was unavailable for the other 3.

What you may find interesting is that inflammation showed mostly in the respiratory tract, even though the virus attacked many other areas of the body.

We show that SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed, predominantly among patients who died with severe COVID-19, and that virus replication is present in multiple respiratory and non-respiratory tissues, including the brain, early in infection. Further, we detected persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including throughout the brain, as late as 230 days following symptom onset in one case.

Despite extensive distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA throughout the body, we observed little evidence of inflammation or direct viral cytopathology outside the respiratory tract. Our data indicate that in some patients SARS-CoV-2 can cause systemic infection and persist in the body for months.

neurosciencenews.com...

Now this study was done by neuroscientists, isn't it interesting that at the beginning of this pandemic that we were told that it was predominantly a respiratory virus, well that certainly is now shown to not be the case, in that, it is system-wide but the virus seems to prefer to replicate in the respiratory system. However, I wonder if the virus mutates into who knows what that it may then develop inflammation wherever in the body it attacks.

It just goes to show everyone that we need more research into this virulent virus and it's variants, so we have a path forward in how to combat it.

I look forward to a subsequent follow-up study this time with living people who have or have had the Covid which is planned in the near future. And the sooner the better.

I have long Covid and even though I am improving (but it's only been 2 months of recovery and this study shows for the majority of the cases the virus was lingering in the body for 8 months, but that does not show if long Covid lasts longer in living people) I would like to know what should I be doing to help improve brain function or lessen the brain fog.

I will keep on top of the neuroscience news for any newer studies, not just for long Covid but for all things neuroscience related to Covid, because there may be additional negative psychological ramifications from this, who knows?

a reply to: tamusan

I am following how the immune system is affected or reacts when the person gets the actual Covid virus and I offer another study where they find, in long Covid, that not only does the body's immune system create antibodies to fight the virus, but it also creates antibodies that attack the host.

The McMaster University study determined that patients surveyed were otherwise healthy and had no pre-existing autoimmune conditions or other underlying diseases.

Canada’s health agency notes that post-COVID-19 condition, or long COVID, may occur in some people weeks or months after initial infection. People who have been hospitalized or who needed intensive care during recovery are also likely to be at greater risk of experiencing longer-term effects from the virus.

Mukherjee said patients with long COVID symptoms should see a rheumatologist instead of being treated by respirologists or infectious disease specialists, as the latter do not specialize in autoimmunity.

“Sometimes, while the body is fighting the virus, the immune system gets so amped up that, in addition to making antibodies that kill the virus, it can produce those that attack the host,” said Mukherjee.

toronto.citynews.ca...

Interpretation Persistently positive ANAs at 12 months post-COVID are associated with persisting symptoms and inflammation (TNFα) in a subset of COVID-19 survivors. This finding indicates the need for further investigation into the role of autoimmunity in PASC.

erj.ersjournals.com...