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You can tell ArrghZombies is desperate to bury this
The human genome bears evidence of extensive invasion by retroviruses and other retroelements, as well as by diverse RNA and DNA viruses. High frequency of somatic integration of the RNA virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the DNA of infected cells was recently suggested, based on a number of observations. One key observation was the presence of chimeric RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) reads between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA transcribed from human host DNA. Here, we examined the possible origin specifically of human-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric reads in RNA-seq libraries and provide alternative explanations for their origin. Chimeric reads were frequently detected also between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA transcribed from mitochondrial DNA or episomal adenoviral DNA present in transfected cell lines, which was unlikely the result of SARS-CoV-2 integration. Furthermore, chimeric reads between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA transcribed from nuclear DNA were highly enriched for host exonic, rather than intronic or intergenic sequences and often involved the same, highly expressed host genes. Although these findings do not rule out SARS-CoV-2 somatic integration, they nevertheless suggest that human-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric reads found in RNA-seq data may arise during library preparation and do not necessarily signify SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription, integration in to host DNA and further transcription.
Viruses hijack the host cell to replicate their RNA or DNA genomes and create progeny virions. An extreme form of viral parasitism is the integration of a viral genome DNA copy into the host cell DNA (Burns and Boeke, 2012; Feschotte and Gilbert, 2012). Although diverse classes of RNA viruses create a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy through reverse-transcription of their genomes during their life cycle, integration into the host DNA is a characteristic obligatory step for retroviruses, as well as for endogenous retroelements (Coffin et al., 1997; Burns and Boeke, 2012; Feschotte and Gilbert, 2012).
The machinery that mediates reverse transcription and integration of the retroviral and endogenous retroelement genomes can also use alternative RNA templates, creating genomic cDNA copies of the latter. For example, mammalian apparent long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons (MaLRs) rely on endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) for their reverse-transcription and integration. Similarly, short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), including Alu elements, rely on long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) for their reverse transcription and integration (Coffin et al., 1997; Burns and Boeke, 2012; Feschotte and Gilbert, 2012).
Professor Nigel McMillan
Program Director of Infectious Diseases and Immunology at the Menzies Health Institute Queensland.
We know the certain viruses like HIV are able to insert their genomes of RNA into the human genome but only after they have converted it into DNA. This is accomplished via a virus enzyme called reverse transcriptase – an enzyme humans don't have. So the upshot is we don't have a way for mRNA vaccines to be inserted into our genomes. SO current vaccines are safe. However, there was a recent very controversial paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (here www.pnas.org...) claiming this was possible. The scientific consensus is that this work is preliminary, not proven, and likely an artifact of the experimental process rather than a real finding. The claims have not been repeated by other researchers at this stage.
rofessor Thomas Preiss
Leader - RNA Biology Group, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University
There is at present no evidence that [integration of mRNA from COVID vaccines into human DNA] is plausible, at least not in the sense that it would represent a significant medical problem with mRNA vaccines.
Why this qualification? As the saying goes, “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence”. The way mRNA vaccines work makes it exceedingly unlikely that this will occur in patients. That is not to say that—after vaccination of billions of people, each harbouring trillions of cells, which in turn each contain a human genome—the number of such integration events can be predicted to be exactly zero.
But even if such events did rarely occur, the chances of it having a detrimental effect on the individual are extremely low. Thus, this issue will likely be of negligible consequence to human health, whether on the individual or population level, especially in contrast to the very real harm done by the global pandemic.
Although SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that replicates itself without integrating into the DNA of the host genome, the authors hypothesised that these ‘persistent positive’ cases could be caused by rare events where cells integrated small fragments of viral RNA into their genome.
They used an experimental setup with cultured human cells that were more likely to permit such ‘inadvertent integration’ and sensitive high-throughput sequencing technology. This then produced evidence consistent with their hypothesis.
A controversial study is being misrepresented on social media as evidence that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines modify your DNA.
The claims relate to a non-peer-reviewed paper published as a pre-print in December 2020 (here). The co-authors, which included two biologists from the respected Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) here , here), claimed that the novel coronavirus could modify human DNA.
On 5 May 2022, the WHO published estimates of the number of excess deaths for 194 countries and regions, as well as a global total. These estimates cover the period from the start of 2020 to the end of 2021.
Similar to The Economist, the WHO estimates that the total number of excess deaths is substantially higher than the number of confirmed deaths due to COVID-19.
Though broadly similar, the estimates from the WHO and The Economist can differ because they use different methods to estimate both the baseline of expected deaths and the missing all-cause mortality data for countries that have not reported any during 2020 and 2021.
You can compare the estimates in the chart here, and read in more detail about the methods of the WHO and The Economist.
Preclinical studies of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, developed by Pfizer and BioNTech, showed reversible hepatic effects in animals that received the BNT162b2 injection. Furthermore, a recent study showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of human cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of BNT162b2 on the human liver cell line Huh7 in vitro. Huh7 cells were exposed to BNT162b2, and quantitative PCR was performed on RNA extracted from the cells. We detected high levels of BNT162b2 in Huh7 cells and changes in gene expression of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), which is an endogenous reverse transcriptase. Immunohistochemistry using antibody binding to LINE-1 open reading frame-1 RNA-binding protein (ORFp1) on Huh7 cells treated with BNT162b2 indicated increased nucleus distribution of LINE-1. PCR on genomic DNA of Huh7 cells exposed to BNT162b2 amplified the DNA sequence unique to BNT162b2. Our results indicate a fast up-take of BNT162b2 into human liver cell line Huh7, leading to changes in LINE-1 expression and distribution. We also show that BNT162b2 mRNA is reverse transcribed intracellularly into DNA in as fast as 6 h upon BNT162b2 exposure.
I have a solution.... how about people talk about the science and their thoughts from their own personal perspective only and describe things in detail themselves to prove you understand what you're talking about.........
Although i have a funny feeling people are not going to do that...because they have no idea what they're talking about or what the scientists are talking about. And also do not have the mental capacity to remember even 1% of these things.
originally posted by: MaxxAction
a reply to: Kurokage
The ol' Jedi mind trick eh?
(waves hand in half circle motion) "You aren't seeing what you think you're seeing."
ts funny also how these people claim someone else knows better ....but they literally dont understand .....but they just know it must be true......almost like they just want to be right but dont have the ability to be right themselves.
I mean we only just discovered the function of dna in 1953 and a human body has around 7'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000 atoms on average and 7'800'000'000 unique people, we obviously know everything, lets just not have any caution what so ever because we're clairvoyant.
DNA is made up of a chain of molecules called Nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a nitrogen base, a sugar group and a phosphate group. Four possible nitrogen bases can be present in DNA; Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C). Human DNA contains billions of DNA bases. DNA nucleotides are attached together in strands to form a structure called the double helix, A pairs with T and G pairs with C. The double helix structure allows the extremely long DNA molecules to coil tightly and form the chromosomes, the chromosomes contain our genes.
Our DNA is divided into thousands of genes and our genes are the sets of instructions that tell our bodies how to grow and function. Each gene is used to make a protein, and proteins are what the cells use to perform their functions. The order of the four nucleotides that make up a genetic code is important. Variations or “spelling mistakes” in the genetic code could lead to disease and negatively impact your health.
Due to advances in research we are able to analyse the DNA sequence and help individuals and families understand what is going on with their DNA. This is not always a straightforward process but with the help of scientists and genetic professionals including genetic counsellors, you can find out if you are a carrying an alteration that can be passed on or if you are at risk for a genetic disease. DNA (genetic) tests can provide insight into your health and it is always recommended to discuss these tests with a genetic counsellor or genetic health care professional first.
Anyone wanna explain how more people died from covid in 2021 than in 2020 in the entire world?
originally posted by: AaarghZombies
a reply to: thethinkingman
Anyone wanna explain how more people died from covid in 2021 than in 2020 in the entire world?
This one is actually pretty simple.
One, covid became endemic in Africa and India, as well as South East Asia.
More people in poor countries were exposed in 2021, so more people died.
Two, better recording and reporting.
In 2020 people died but weren't counted due to stigma, or simply because they lived in more rural areas and their deaths weren't attributed to covid.
originally posted by: iwanttobelieve70
originally posted by: AaarghZombies
a reply to: thethinkingman
Anyone wanna explain how more people died from covid in 2021 than in 2020 in the entire world?
This one is actually pretty simple.
One, covid became endemic in Africa and India, as well as South East Asia.
More people in poor countries were exposed in 2021, so more people died.
Two, better recording and reporting.
In 2020 people died but weren't counted due to stigma, or simply because they lived in more rural areas and their deaths weren't attributed to covid.
That is total crap.
Africa, a continent of 1.3 billion people, has seen fewer deaths from COVID-19 than the UK, which has a population about a 20th of the size. Inevitably for such a huge landmass, there are major variations, with South Africa in particular experiencing high rates of infection and death. But, in general, official rates have been perhaps surprisingly low. Half of the COVID-19 deaths registered in Africa up to the beginning of March occurred in South Africa. But the continent has one of the lowest death rates, comparable to Asia . Only Oceania has a lower death rate. These pale into insignificance when compared with Europe and the Americas which have seen proportionately far more people die.
A test cannot tell how contagious you are.
Testing positive for COVID-19 means you have pieces of the virus in your body. However, a positive test does not always tell you whether or not you could spread the virus to other people. The test that uses a method called reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to look for genetic material of the virus can return a positive result even after you no longer have an active infection but still have inactive (dead) pieces of virus in your body.
Another type of test for a current infection looks for proteins (antigens) from the novel coronavirus. If you receive a positive COVID-19 result from an antigen test and are experiencing symptoms, you are likely contagious. Also, antigen tests have a higher rate of false negatives, which is when someone gets a negative test result but actually has COVID-19
he RT-PCR assays used for the UK’s COVID-19 testing programme have been verified by PHE, and show over 95% sensitivity and specificity. This means that under laboratory conditions, these RT-PCR tests should never show more than 5% false positives or 5% false negatives.
With 1320 cases per 100,000 people, Ipswich is the city with the highest infection rate, followed by Plymouth and Cambridge, both above the 1200 cases per 100,000 people threshold. At the other end of the spectrum, Burnley, Blackburn and Bradford have the lowest infection rate, with less than 500 cases per 100,000 people. Cases went up nearly everywhere in the past week- a number of coastal cities in the south of the country like Plymouth, Portsmouth, Bournemouth and Southampton have experienced the highest increase (+300 cases per 100,000 people in just a week). The increase was more muted in places like Slough, Worthing and Leicester.
originally posted by: Roedeer
Umm, Rutgers is a WEF mouthpiece. As in overlord approved propaganda. You are soooo into that stuff, lol.
originally posted by: MaxxAction
a reply to: Kurokage
The ol' Jedi mind trick eh?
(waves hand in half circle motion) "You aren't seeing what you think you're seeing."