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Here, we show that glycosylation of melamine and BA by ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) occurs spontaneously in water to produce nucleotides in yields of up to 55% and 82%, respectively. When combined, the nucleotides form supramolecular assemblies with Watson–Crick-like base pairs, even within the crude reaction mixtures. These assemblies are shown to preferentially incorporate and increase the fraction of the β-anomer of the melamine nucleotide over the α-anomer.These findings demonstrate prebiotically plausible mechanisms for the selection of nucleotides in both nucleobase and sugar structure.
Abstract
We report that the ability of disodium 5′-deoxy-5′-thioguanosine-5′-monophosphate, Na2(5′-GSMP), to self-associate into a helical G-quadruplex structure in aqueous solution at pH 8is significantly higher than that of disodium guanosine-5′-monophosphate, Na2(5′-GMP), which supports our earlier hypothesis regarding the importance of cation bridging.
Here, we demonstrate the efficient formation of hydrogen-bonded base pairs from mononucleotides in water through enclathration in the hydrophobic cavities of self-assembled cages. Crystallographic studies and 1H- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy clearly reveals pair-selective recognition of mononucleotides and the Textselective formation of an anti-Hoogsteen-type base pair in the cage's cavity. Within an analogous expanded cage, dinucleotides are also found to form a stable duplex in water. These results emphasize how hydrogen-bonded base pairing is amplified in a local hydrophobic area isolated from aqueous solution.
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
originally posted by: Phantom423
Abstract
We report that the ability of disodium 5′-deoxy-5′-thioguanosine-5′-monophosphate, Na2(5′-GSMP), to self-associate into a helical G-quadruplex structure in aqueous solution at pH 8is significantly higher than that of disodium guanosine-5′-monophosphate, Na2(5′-GMP), which supports our earlier hypothesis regarding the importance of cation bridging.
originally posted by: Blue_Jay33
originally posted by: TerryDon79
a reply to: TzarChasm
What makes you so upset about evolution that it deserves to be eradicated?
He’s a YEC (young earth creationist). If he accepts evolution, he has to then reject his YEC religion. They’re about as clever as flat earthers.
He probably believes rain is gods tears and snow is gods dandruff.
Hold on, I don't think he is a YEC, but let him confirm or deny this.
For myself, the science of how long it takes and how fast light travels from stars in other galaxies to earth rules it out 100%.
This isn't about faith but pure science that is factual that is 100% understood not some conjecture.
For example the blue super giant Icarus is billions of light years from earth, the light emitting from that star just reaching earth that we can see, left many billions of years ago.
Again this by itself alone rules out YEC as a theory no better than evolutionary abiogenesis. They are both equally wrong, science must support your beliefs where it is known.
originally posted by: TzarChasm
I think you have your answer.
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: TzarChasm
I think you have your answer.
I'm looking for answers objectively. I don't think the official narrative is right regarding the age of the earth... but that's not the topic of debate.
You can't refute the evidence that shows evolution is impossible so you have to sidetrack the debate.
originally posted by: TzarChasm
Monomers and self polymerization are not proof of anything because you have failed to demonstrate the manner in which these devices were engineered
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: TzarChasm
Monomers and self polymerization are not proof of anything because you have failed to demonstrate the manner in which these devices were engineered
So you admit it is obvious that organisms were engineered and biological life came from a Logical source?
originally posted by: TzarChasm
No because there's no actual evidence to confirm that statement.
A new paper in the journal Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, “Integration of syntactic and semantic properties of the DNA code reveals chromosomes as thermodynamic machines converting energy into information,” argues that cellular mechanisms involved in processing genetic information make up an irreducibly complex system. The system requires genetic information, genetic machinery keyed to read that genetic information, as well as specific chromosomal organization. All of these components are necessary for what the paper calls “the organisational complexity of the genetic regulation system.”
To be precise, the paper uses the term “irreducible organization” but it amounts to the same thing as biochemist Michael Behe’s “irreducible complexity,” and points implicitly to the same challenge to Darwinian accounts of origins.
The paper aims to critique the reductionist “Jacob-Monod paradigm,” which fails to appreciate the complexity of genetic information, as well as the interaction between transcription factors and their target genes. Of course we’re all familiar with genetic information in DNA being required to produce proteins. But the paper argues that in addition to the “digital information” in the primary DNA sequence, there is also “analog information” in the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes:
The article even specifies that there are “Three basic components underlying the irreducible organisational complexity of any living cell” where “the organisation is essentially circular with all three basic components standing in relationship to reciprocal determination.” Those three components are specified as transcriptional machinery, DNA topology, and metabolic energy. The authors are perplexed by how the “irreducible” and “circular” organization of this system arose since they admit, “we face a ‘chicken or egg’ dilemma — on the one hand the TF-TG interactions are determinative for the chromosomal structure, and on the other hand this very same structure determines the regulatory interactions.”
As noted, the paper recognizes that there are other types of information in DNA beyond merely the sequence of bases. What’s incredible is that even though these two types of information are specified through different physical means, they nonetheless interact to regulate gene expression. The article explains that the supercoiling structure of DNA is vital to regulating gene expression, and at the same time it’s not specified by the base-pair sequence. However, the base-pair sequence does interact with the supercoiling, and is more prone to localized untwisting to allow transcription:
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
God(s) are random chance too. Let's see some evidence for the one which is supposed to be executing all these events.
Evidence hits you right between the eyes. You think that if you say something enough times that it will become true. Well, 500+ journals and 200,000 research articles say you're wrong.
The nucleotide/DNA monomer polymerization is a classic example. You can deny it all you like but any idiot can see the evidence in those papers. You never fail to confirm our lowest expectations.
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: cooperton
Typical dumb response. Don't you ever have a new idea? You post the same thing over and over and expect a different answer.
originally posted by: Phantom423
a reply to: neoholographic
If you can't read the papers, that's your problem. It's how research is done. Abstracts are summaries of that research. You're not a scientist, you've never worked in the field, you don't understand how research is done.
Come back after you make an effort to understand the scientific method. Get some education in the meantime.
Genetic regulation is crucial not only for sustaining the self-reproduction of a cell but also for substituting its worn-out constituents. This implies that a genetic regulation system, as a system consisting of physical elements, must be able not only to perform its primary function but also to perceive any internal changes of state so that it retains the potential, for example, to replenish its own components. In other words, it has to be self-referential. This peculiarity of organisation becomes conspicuous when compared to information coding in natural language, the syntactic and semantic properties of which provide logically different types of information. Syntax determines the structure of the rules of language and, thus, the way in which the words are assembled in sentences, whereas semantics determine the meaning of the words and so the available vocabulary. However, the structural rules of language cannot determine the meanings of the words, and nor is the vocabulary determinative for the structural rules of the language (we do not concern ourselves with any generative mechanisms relevant to the formal language theory here). Therefore, viewed as a coding system composed of two non-convertible types of information, natural language is not self-referential. By the same token, the Jacob-Monod paradigm separating the gene regulatory context from the genetic information is at variance with self-referential organisation. Notably, we do not use this term in the sense of elaborated mathematical concepts of distinction, circulation, feedback, re-entry, recursion, etc. Self-referential organisation, as we put it here, implies inter-conversion of information between logically distinct coding systems specifying each other reciprocally. Thus, the holistic approach assumes selfreferentiality (completeness of the contained information and full consistency of the different codes) as an irreducible organisational complexity of the genetic regulation system of any cell.
Put another way, this implies that the structural dynamics of the chromosome must be fully convertible into its genetic expression and vice versa. Since the DNA is an essential carrier of genetic information, the fundamental question is how this self-referential organisation is encoded in the sequence of the DNA polymer.
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: TzarChasm
No because there's no actual evidence to confirm that statement.
So you want to make the claim that:
The genetic code can code itself, which would be like a MacBook pro coding itself from nothing.
Mitochondria forming through random chance would be like a car engine forming by random chance.
Trees forming by random chance is as likely as solar panels which self-replicate coming to be by random chance.
You're defending what is, by its very definition, the most unintelligent argument you could defend. Life required intelligent input, just as much as cars and computers require intelligent input.