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When Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth in April 1961, he carried centuries of hopes and dreams into space with him. Visionaries had long struggled to picture the expanse beyond Earth’s skies, with its mind-boggling scale and promise of a new frontier for human exploration. Taken on its own, Gagarin’s testimonial about Earth’s epiphanic loveliness could be chalked up to his exuberant personality. But over the decades, as hundreds of people have followed his lead into space and returned to tell their travelers’ tales, a pattern has begun to emerge. Regardless of differences in nationality, gender, or worldview, astronauts commonly report feelings of heightened awareness and profound rapture while observing the Earth from such a distant vantage point.
This phenomenon has become known as the Overview Effect, a phrase coined in 1987 by the author and space philosopher Frank White. As defined in White’s book The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution (currently in its third edition), it is “a cognitive shift in awareness” linked to “the experience of seeing firsthand the reality that the Earth is in space.”
“My hypothesis was that being in space, you would see and know something experientially that we have been trying to understand intellectually for thousands of years,” White told me over the phone. “That is, that the Earth is a whole system, everything on it is connected, and we’re a part of it.”
"That beautiful, warm living object looked so fragile, so delicate, that if you touched it with a finger it would crumble and fall apart,” wrote Apollo 15 astronaut James Irwin in his 1973 autobiography To Rule the Night. “Seeing this has to change a man, has to make a man appreciate the creation of God and the love of God."
“It is all connected, it is all interdependent,” said NASA astronaut Sandra Magnus in an interview with White. “You look out the window, and in my case, I saw the thinness of the atmosphere, and it really hit home, and I thought, ‘Wow, this is a fragile ball of life that we’re living on.’ It is hard for you to appreciate that until you are outside of it.”
“When I first looked back at the Earth, standing on the Moon, I cried,” confessed Alan Shepard, commander of Apollo 14 and the first American to visit space, in a 1988 interview.
Shepard’s crewmate, Apollo 14 lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell, felt it too. "Something happens to you out there," Mitchell said, according to The Week.
Fortunately, there appear to be a lot of overlapping elements to the experience of having one’s brain doped up on Earth’s beauty. Broadly speaking, space travelers report feelings of transcendence, spiritual awakening, euphoria, and epiphanic oneness with the planet and its inhabitants. Many cite the mesmerizing richness of Earth’s lush colors, or the obvious lack of artificial national borders. Astronauts may feel permanently changed by the Overview Effect, enacting lifelong modifications to their habits and outlook when they return to the planet.
Our first studies on the Overview Effect will use existing VR platforms, but we are looking to partner with space tourism companies, virtual reality program developers, and even planetariums to expand the contexts in which we can evoke and measure the effects of awe experiences like those reported by astronauts,” he told me.
Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell came to the same conclusion, though he expressed it somewhat less diplomatically: “From out there on the Moon, international politics look so petty,” he told People magazine in 1974. “You want to grab a politician by the scruff of the neck and drag him a quarter of a million miles out and say, ‘Look at that, you son of a bitch.’”
originally posted by: underwerks
I had this thought when I first got the ISS live viewing experiment app on my phone. If you're stressed out, all you have to do is watch the live feed of the earth from the ISS and it all falls away. It'd be interesting to see an experiment where people watched the earth from above for a certain amount of time and the effects it would have.
originally posted by: OneBigMonkeyToo
If only it were true.
The Earthrise photo taken by Apollo 8 is widely credited with helping to foster the growth of the green movement, and one of the early campaigns concerned with protecting the planet used lapel badges to demand "when will we see a picture of the whole Earth":
en.wikipedia.org...
All of the astronauts I have heard speak have all said much the same thing: the best thing about going to the moon was the view of Earth, and how fragile it looked and how the idea of borders seemed a nonsense.
Sadly, 50 years on, were still shooting at each other and fighting over patches of dirt.
originally posted by: intrptr
Back when the first picture of the the whole earth from space became public, it had that effect. Now its common and people are like meh...
I think a better 'peace mindedness' would come from having to spend 24 hours in a combat zone.
Nothing like protracted threat of imminent death to make one appreciate life.
originally posted by: 4N0M4LY
a reply to: waftist I wish that were true for the majority of people who live on the blue marble called Earth. I agree with most philosophers that in order for most people to change the way they live or treat others is to bring them on the brink of destruction that would be so catastrophic it would spell certain doom for everyone who is alive now. Only then will people have a completely changed outlook on life and how we treat others.
50 years on, were still shooting at each other and fighting over patches of dirt.
(My ex-partners Mother) "What is he doing at that University?"
Ex Partner: "He's just passed the entry exam to go into Astrophysics"
Ex-Partners Mother: "What, is that something to do with space or something???"
Ex-Partner: "Uh...Kind of, it's actually..."
Ex-Partners Mother: "I DON'T WANT TO KNOW ABOUT SPACE STUFF! I have OTHER important stuff to do in my life then think about space!"
originally posted by: Astyanax
a reply to: OneBigMonkeyToo
50 years on, were still shooting at each other and fighting over patches of dirt.
You may be overly pessimistic. Fifty years on, the number of wars and warlike incidents worldwide has declined, as have deaths in wars, homicides and other forms of killing violence. Violent crime, too has declined.
These are facts the media rarely report, but they are facts all the same.