ATS Live: 230: Spaceflight, Quantum Software, NLBS take 2, Spider Woman, Facebook, Forgotten History

Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, or quantum theory) is a fundamental branch of physics which deals with physical phenomena at nanoscopic scales where the action is on the order of the Planck constant. It departs from classical mechanics primarily at the quantum realm of atomic and subatomic length scales. Quantum mechanics provides a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter. Quantum mechanics provides a substantially useful framework for many features of the modern periodic table of elements including the behavior of atoms during chemical bonding and has played a significant role in the development of many modern technologies.

Wave function

A wave function or wavefunction (also named a state function) in quantum mechanics describes the quantum state of a system of one or more particles, and contains all the information about the system considered in isolation. Quantities associated with measurements, such as the average momentum of a particle, are derived from the wavefunction by mathematical operations that describe its interaction with observational devices. Thus it is a central entity in quantum mechanics. The most common symbols for a wave function are the Greek letters ψ or Ψ (lower-case and capital psi). The Schrödinger equation determines how the wave function evolves over time, that is, the wavefunction is the solution of the Schrödinger equation. The wave function behaves qualitatively like other waves, like water waves or waves on a string, because the Schrödinger equation is mathematically a type of wave equation. This explains the name "wave function", and gives rise to wave–particle duality. The wave of the wave function, however, is not a wave in physical space; it is a wave in an abstract mathematical "space", which can be represented as 'configuration space', or can be represented as 'momentum space', and in this respect it differs fundamentally from water waves or waves on a string.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Quantum Computing

A quantum computer is a computation system that makes direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.[1] Quantum computers are different from digital computers based on transistors. Whereas digital computers require data to be encoded into binary digits (bits), each of which is always in one of two definite states (0 or 1), quantum computation uses qubits (quantum bits), which can be in superpositions of states. A theoretical model is the quantum Turing machine, also known as the universal quantum computer. Quantum computers share theoretical similarities with non-deterministic and probabilistic computers; one example is the ability to be in more than one state simultaneously. The field of quantum computing was first introduced by Yuri Manin in 1980[2] and Richard Feynman in 1982.[3][4] A quantum computer with spins as quantum bits was also formulated for use as a quantum space–time in 1968.[5]

What nef is describing is this

Parallel Computing

Parallel computing is a form of computation in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously,[1] operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved concurrently ("in parallel"). There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, but interest in it has grown lately due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling.[2] As power consumption (and consequently heat generation) by computers has become a concern in recent years,[3] parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multi-core processors.[4]

Parallel computers can be roughly classified according to the level at which the hardware supports parallelism, with multi-core and multi-processor computers having multiple processing elements within a single machine, while clusters, MPPs, and grids use multiple computers to work on the same task. Specialized parallel computer architectures are sometimes used alongside traditional processors, for accelerating specific tasks.

Parallel computer programs are more difficult to write than sequential ones,[5] because concurrency introduces several new classes of potential software bugs, of which race conditions are the most common. Communication and synchronization between the different subtasks are typically some of the greatest obstacles to getting good parallel program performance.

The maximum possible speed-up of a single program as a result of parallelization is known as Amdahl's law.

what the issue is on the binary

Your are counting in base two

Binary

In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the binary numeral system, or base-2 numeral system, which represents numeric values using two different symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one). More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices such as mobile phones. Each digit is referred to as a bit.

You described the potential of counting in base three

en.wikipedia.org...

Ternary (sometimes called trinary) is the base-3 numeral system. Analogous to a bit, a ternary digit is a trit (trinary digit). One trit contains \log_2 3 (about 1.58496) bits of information. Although ternary most often refers to a system in which the three digits 0, 1, and 2 are all non-negative numbers, the adjective also lends its name to the balanced ternary system, used in comparison logic and ternary computers.

The key is parallel computing

I am adding a set to the discussion

I think the scientific guy is describing a known effect and is easily sized up

Quantum Computers will face

Braess Paradox

Braess's paradox, credited to the German mathematician Dietrich Braess, states that adding extra capacity to a network when the moving entities selfishly choose their route, can in some cases reduce overall performance. This is because the Nash equilibrium of such a system is not necessarily optimal.

The paradox is stated as follows:

"For each point of a road network, let there be given the number of cars starting from it, and the destination of the cars. Under these conditions one wishes to estimate the distribution of traffic flow. Whether one street is preferable to another depends not only on the quality of the road, but also on the density of the flow. If every driver takes the path that looks most favorable to him, the resultant running times need not be minimal. Furthermore, it is indicated by an example that an extension of the road network may cause a redistribution of the traffic that results in longer individual running times."

The reason for this is that in a Nash equilibrium, drivers have no incentive to change their routes. If the system is not in a Nash equilibrium, selfish drivers must be able to improve their respective travel times by changing the routes they take. In the case of Braess's paradox, drivers will continue to switch until they reach Nash equilibrium, despite the reduction in overall performance.

If the latency functions are linear then adding an edge can never make total travel time at equilibrium worse by a factor of more than 4/3.[1]

face book talk
in case you do not know

Data Mining

Data mining (the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases" process, or KDD),[1] an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science,[2][3][4] is the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems.[2] The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use.[2] Aside from the raw analysis step, it involves database and data management aspects, data pre-processing, model and inference considerations, interestingness metrics, complexity considerations, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and online updating.[2]

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas using one's body and property to anyone who is willing to receive them. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used.

Every government restricts speech to some degree. Common limitations on speech relate to: libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, sedition, hate speech, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements, right to privacy, right to be forgotten, and campaign finance reform. Whether these limitations can be justified under the harm principle depends upon whether influencing a third party's opinions or actions adversely to the second party constitutes such harm or not.

The term "offense principle" is also used[1] to expand the range of free speech limitations to prohibit forms of expression where they are considered offensive to society, special interest groups or individuals. For example, freedom of speech is limited in many jurisdictions to widely differing degrees by religious legal systems, religious offense or incitement to ethnic or racial hatred laws.

The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 19 of the ICCPR states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Article 19 goes on to say that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties and responsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".[2][3]

I have to respectfully disagree with the view here

You have to have NO restrictions on free speech
NONE

It is not popular nor is it widely held

Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
Lord Acton

You run into the problem of who are the gate keepers
Who determines WHAT is the acceptable issue

You are right over in your face at your door

The next part does not translate IMHO
Their is a difference between Thought, Reality, and agitation

Saying I am going to hit you is free speech
Getting in your face and saying I am going to hit you is a threat
Telling someone you need hitting and perhaps they can do something about it

Each are three different things
The first one is legal and protected for a very important reason
(see what happens with no chat )
You cant do thought police and that is what it is

Even with means to do it
The act has to be present otherwise someone writing a story or news piece can be thrown in jail

Its IMHO

For the US
Not yelling fire in a theater and I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description ["hard-core pornography"], and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that.[2]

because it will come down to definitions

originally posted by: ripcontrol


You are right over in your face at your door


Saying I am going to hit you is free speech
Getting in your face and saying I am going to hit you is a threat

That was what I was trying to get at with the analogy from the radio host. I guess it didn't come off the right way. I'm a big believer in free speech but harassment, as in continuous verbal attacks, not so much.

And with that, I bid you good night all. Thanks for tuning in.

Good Night fellas. Garth, Zaz you were missed. Great show! Nice to have the Doc onboard. He and Manny actually understand quantum computing. Thanks again to ripcontrol for all the great info. Be safe everyone.

Thanks for listening and for the interaction folks You guys ROCK

a reply to: DumpMaster

Hey, thanks for updating Spreaker. I now have 6 hours of sweet listening while I work

a reply to: GAOTU789

I love the minion sith



I loved the analogy for how to handle the personal twitter accounts (re social media )

You probably transitioned from private to societal and I missed it
Or I caught it subconsciously and made that distinction

I think your approach has merit if I may extend the anology
Take ATS for example

Terms and conditions for behavior
(handled by the individual sites)

I also still think ATS needs a flame forum were people can argue and be rude to each other, its just me
(I understand to why it would never be allowed either)

I am waiting to read the thread Nef mentioned If I heard correctly, that was over this? (Edit: freespeech not the flame thread idea..)

I enjoyed the show tonight..