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Signatures that do not fit into the usual duple or triple categories are known as complex, asymmetric, or irregular, although these are broad terms, and usually a more specific description is appropriate. Most often these can be recognised by the upper number being 5, 7, or a larger prime number. The earliest examples of irregular signatures are found in instrumental music by Giovanni Valentini (1582–1649), written in 5/4, 9/8, etc.[citation needed] Although these more complex meters were common in non-Western music, they were rarely used in formal written Western music until the late 19th century . The waltz-like second movement of Tchaikovsky's Pathétique Symphony is an example of 5/4. Examples from the 20th century include Holst's "Mars, the Bringer of War," (5/4) from the orchestral suite The Planets, and the ending of Stravinsky's Firebird (7/4). Examples from the Western popular music tradition include the Allman Brothers Band's "Whipping Post" (11/4), Nick Drake's "River Man" (5/4), Soundgarden's "Outshined" (7/4), Alice In Chains' "Them Bones" (7/8 in the verse and 4/4 in the chorus), Radiohead's "15 Step" (5/4), "2+2=5" (7/8 then 4/4) and "Paranoid Android" (includes 7/8),[3] Metallica's "Blackened" (7/4 pre-verse, 6/4 verse and 4/4 chorus), "Smile" by The Fall (10/4), Sufjan Stevens' "A Good Man is Hard to Find" (5/4), and Incubus' "Make Yourself" (main verse riff is a bar of 7/8 followed by a bar of 4/4). Progressive rock music made large use of unusual time as a defining characteristic; examples include "Money" (mostly 7/4, with the guitar solo in 4/4), from Pink Floyd, and "Metropolis Pt. 1: The Miracle and the Sleeper" by Dream Theater. Beginning of instrumental section in 13/8, broken down as 6/8 + 7/8, and later as 4/4 + 5/8. A 9/8 meter is used in the song "Jambi" by Tool. Unlike a traditional 9/8 signature, which is divided into three triplets, the main riff of "Jambi" is broken into a quadruplet and a quintuplet. The jazz composition "Take Five," written in 5/4 time (or more correctly 3+2/4), was one of a number of irregular-meter experiments of The Dave Brubeck Quartet, which also produced compositions in 11/4 ("Eleven Four"), 7/4 ("Unsquare Dance"), and 9/8 ("Blue Rondo à la Turk"), expressed as (2+2+2+3)/8, this last being a good example of a work in a signature which, despite appearing to be merely compound triple, is actually more complex. It should be pointed out that such time signatures are only considered unusual from a Western point of view. In contrast, for example, Bulgarian dances use such meters extensively, including forms with 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 22, 25 and other numbers of beats per measure. These rhythms are notated as additive rhythms based on simple units, usually 2, 3 and 4 beats, though the notation fails to describe the metric "time bending" taking place; or as compound meters, for example the Bulgarian Sedi Donka, consisting of 25 beats divided 7+7+11, where 7 is subdivided 3+2+2 and 11 is subdivided 2+2+3+2+2 or 4+3+4. See Variants below.
wiki - again
The unicursal hexagram is used to express a high level of self-confidence and belief that one can achieve the highest of goals and become a divine figure.[citation needed] Aleister Crowley's adaptation of the unicursal hexagram placed a five petaled rose, (symbolizing the divine) in the center; the symbol as a whole making eleven (five petals of the rose plus six points of the hexagram), the number of divine union. It is also used in the Greek and Hindu mythologies. as a symbol of dedication to the divine rulers.[citation needed] A unicursal hexagram is also seen as a symbol of the solar system in some Pagan philosophies, with the central intersection representing the sun and the outer intersections and points representing the celestial bodies
A contemporary usage of the term sacred geometry describes assertions of a mathematical order to the intrinsic nature of the universe. Scientists see the same geometric and mathematical patterns as arising directly from natural principles. Some of the most prevalent traditional geometric forms ascribed to sacred geometry include the sine wave, the sphere, the vesica piscis, the 5 platonic solids, the torus (donut), the golden spiral, the tesseract (4-dimensional cube), and the merkaba (2 oppositely oriented and interpenetrating tetrahedrons).
Originally posted by jokei
I remember reading somewhere about the reason most pop songs are around 120bpm and in 4/4 time is that this excites us, as it correlates to the heart rate of someone doing moderate exercise - damned if I can find a link for that anywhere. .
Originally posted by jokei
reply to post by rich23
... I also think Soundgarden managed to use non-standard time signatures and make them sound natural.
On researching my OP I've become a lot more interested in the "sacred geometry"...
...I think music can be very healing and a useful learning tool that can overlap into different spheres of education/aspects of life - it just seems to be something these days taken for granted and not really payed much heed, I know in UK schools it's given a lot less emphasis on the syllabus these days.
Here's an article I found that's a little interesting...
heart.bmj.com...
I remember reading somewhere about the reason most pop songs are around 120bpm and in 4/4 time is that this excites us, as it correlates to the heart rate of someone doing moderate exercise - damned if I can find a link for that anywhere.
What I'm heading to though, is that some songs seem to have this effect upon me, where you get hairs standing up on the back of your neck...
as my current thoughts are drifting towards pieces of music that don't "overtly" have beats - by which I mean drums or percussion,
...so the timing and tempo of the piece are perhaps more subtle and how this may affect the ways in which people listen to them. As that thread states there is a link between brain activity and listening patterns, I think there is - I think as well, certainly with a lot of the pieces mentioned there that with the lack of an "overt beat" the brain will pick it up anyway, but in a sense it's focusing you more on what's going on, you're attuning to the piece in your head as opposed to a physical sense.
Originally posted by jokei
As to the sacred geometry, I've read up on bits on the Tool Drummers webiste dannycarey.org and whilst interesting, it's to "esoteric" for me to believe, but I do find it very interesting, I'd also link in the film Pi at this point as a reference and how I believe that the patterns in nature, whilst not necessarily harnessable, could be influence or worked with - it's hard to put into words, but some of the feelings accessible through music seem to defy rational explanation.
Originally posted by jokei
It's a really interesting subject, that I seem to be running out of good material for, certainly in the way of hard research that's been done, there just seems to be a lot of anecdotal stuff out there.
It's really worth checking out the Mozart Effect thread too...