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Early flu cases have doctors concerned
...Dr. William Schaffner, chair of Vanderbilt University's infectious disease department, is concerned the flu may get an early running start and continue to spread rapidly from there.
"When it shows up in September, we wonder whether it's a harbinger of a more serious influenza season to come," said Schaffner.
The flu season usually begins in late October or early November.
"If it begins early, like we are seeing, it usually means that it's ready to be transmitted in the population," said Schaffner.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission, established by FAO and WHO in 1963 develops harmonised international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice to protect the health of the consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade. The Commission also promotes coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations. For more information see here.
Bilk22
You have to wonder about the description for this on their web site.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission, established by FAO and WHO in 1963 develops harmonised international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice to protect the health of the consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade. The Commission also promotes coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations. For more information see here.
"the consumer"? Not "consumers"? So is everyone not consuming the same thing? That's just plain odd phraseology.
I don't think psych patients are high on their list to save.
What, with all the FEMA camps pushing to be emergency stocked within 48 hours - especially in the pacific rim region, really makes one wonder what's going on, and what are they planning.
Do you know how unbelievably hard it would be to keep people from growing their own food. Do you know how many people would end up dead or prosecuted if it did.
This plan wont work and neither is it contributing to the spread of the flu.
FAO has issued a new warning to the international community that the H7N9 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses continue to pose serious threats to human and animal health, especially in view of the upcoming flu season.
...“We need keep our eyes on the bigger picture of promoting healthy food systems, especially when it comes to animal production and marketing,” ...Restructuring can create healthier, safer markets by developing facilities that employ proper food safety and hygiene measures....”
Although factory farming has been a target of much criticism, it has its defenders. Marie Gramer, a veterinarian at the University of Minnesota, said enclosed farm buildings offer "biosecurity" from pathogens carried by wild animals, including birds and wild pigs.
Biosecurity is a set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases, quarantined pests, invasive alien species, living modified organisms. ...Although security is usually thought of in terms of "Guards, Gates, and Guns", biosecurity encompasses much more than that and requires the cooperation of scientists, technicians, policy makers, security engineers, and law enforcement officials.
...Agricultural contours of most countries have been changing fast in response to increasing demand for veritable food and agricultural products, globalization and technological revolutions, and so have been changing the pests and diseases. Epidemics of Avian Flu caused by the viral strain H5N1 (which can also infect human beings) and the resultant devastations in recent years amply underpin the urgency of creating and managing a global biosecurity umbrella.
The main drivers for emerging diseases are: (i) Movements of people and agricultural goods in trade, (ii) Agricultural change: intensification, diversification and globalization, (iii) Evolution: more interaction, more recombination, more selection, and (iv) Weather: extreme events and climate change.
Introduction to Biosecurity
Biosecurity is a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks (including instruments and activities) that analyse and manage risks in the sectors of food safety, animal life and health, and plant life and health, including associated environmental risk. ...
The International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health
September 2005: One tool developed by FAO, in association with the organizations responsible for international standard setting in sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) matters, to assist in providing information to countries to achieve Biosecurity is the International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health. This new website provides a single access point for the latest version of international and national standards, regulations, and other official materials relating to SPS measures in food and agriculture (including fisheries and forestry). ...
Bird flu viruses H7N9 and H5N1 continue to pose threats to health: FAO
…“Bird flu viruses continue to circulate in poultry. Efforts must continue and be strengthened, not only in affected countries, but also in neighbouring states and areas with strong trade linkages. This is especially true for H7N9, since it causes no clinical signs in birds and is therefore very difficult to detect in poultry.”
…In the longer-term fight against H7N9 and other viruses, FAO and USAID are urging countries to invest in improving the way they market and sell poultry.
“We need keep our eyes on the bigger picture of promoting healthy food systems, especially when it comes to animal production and marketing,” Lubroth said.
How Chicken Is Killing the Planet
Processed chicken is already bad for the environment, workers and consumers -- and it's about to get a lot worse.
Earlier this month, while you were busy sneaking out of your empty office, hoping nobody would notice your starting the holiday weekend early, the USDA was also doing something it was hoping nobody would notice. It was green-lighting the sale of Chinese processed American chicken. As Politico explained, “U.S. officials have given the thumbs-up to four Chinese poultry plants, paving the way for the country to send processed chicken to American markets.” But while, “at first, China will only be able to process chicken that has been slaughtered in the U.S. or other certified countries,” that should not be a comfort to fans of the McNugget, Campbell’s chicken soup, or any other processed chicken product.
To start, that a chicken was born and bred on U.S. soil is no guarantee of its quality. It is, however, a good indicator of several other things, starting with the bird’s short, miserable life. The vast majority of the almost 300 million egg-laying hens raised in the U.S. every year are kept in cages too small for them to spread their wings, and this practice is beginning to take hold in raising our 8 billion broilers (the ones we eat) as well. The broilers are fed a diet laden with arsenic and antibiotics, while egg-laying hens are often packed into barns so full of birds, feathers and feces, that, as we learned last month, an employee could literally get shot in one without anyone even noticing.
Don’t be comforted by the fact that chicken was processed in the U.S. either. Between slaughter and nugget-ization, chicken carcasses endure a host of perversions, making chicken less of a food and more of a food-like substance. They are injected with saltwater solutions to add weight and taste. Their bodies are mechanically separated through a processed called “ Advanced Meat Recovery,” stripping the meat off leftover bones and turning it into the poultry version of pink slime. The resulting goop will be washed in ammonia to kill its bacteria population. It will then be cooked into something tasty and sold to you, the unwitting customer. And yes, this process does actually impact the food on your plate: According to a 2009 USDA study, 87 percent of chicken cadavers test positive for E. coli, feces’ favorite bacteria, just before they are packaged and sent to a store near you.
Effect of closure of live poultry markets on poultry-to-person transmission of avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an ecological study
Findings
85 human cases of avian influenza A H7N9 virus infection were reported in Shanghai, Hangzhou, Huzhou, and Nanjing by June 7, 2013, of which 60 were included in our main analysis. [Ed. Why only 60 out of 80?] Closure of LPMs reduced the mean daily number of infections by 99% (95% credibility interval 93—100%) in Shanghai, by 99% (92—100%) in Hangzhou, by 97% (68—100%) in Huzhou, and by 97% (81—100%) in Nanjing. [Ed. Of course. Flu season was over.]...
...LPM closure should be rapidly implemented in areas where the virus is identified in live poultry or people.
Poultry markets in China 'are vast bird flu reservoir'
...The report, published in the Lancet, ...said the future of the markets, a millennia-old culture in China, needed to be reassessed.
"Our findings confirm that LPM closure is a highly effective intervention to prevent human disease and protect public health"...
...the H7N9 virus has continued to circulate and now has the potential to re-emerge in a new outbreak of human disease this winter."*
Based on these findings the authors conclude that the best course of action to minimise the spread of the virus ahead of the expected surge in infections in the autumn would be sustained LPM closure in areas of high risk of disease spread and immediate LPM closure in areas where the virus appears in the future.
Writing in a linked Comment, Guillaume Fournié and Dirk U Pfeiffer from the Royal Veterinary College, London, UK say, "Although LPM closure in specific circumstances can effectively interrupt human exposure to avian influenza A H7N9 virus, if applied alone this measure is unlikely to eliminate the zoonotic threat…The focus should move beyond detection of human cases and emergency response towards prevention at the infection source. A multisectoral approach would be needed first to identify and then target the inter-related social, economic, cultural, biological, and environmental drivers underlying disease emergence and spread…The motivation behind adoption of some trading practices and factors affecting purchasing behaviour of consumers needs to be considered…A multisectoral approach leading to restructuring rather than destabilisation of the LPM system would be more likely to result in a sustainable reduction in the risk of disease spread while also protecting livelihoods and food security."
...they found one positive sample out of 53. Considering that H7N9 doesn't make birds visibly sick, you'd think it would be spreading rapidly. Yet it remains scarce and unobtrusive.
May 13, 2013. ...it's important to realize that influenza is seasonal and China is now moving into the summer months when flu incidence would be expected to drop...
"Overall, the evidence, in terms of epidemiology and virology, suggests that it is a pure poultry-to-human transmission, and that controlling [the epidemic in humans] will therefore depend on controlling the epidemic in poultry."
[url=http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/faq_H7N9/en/]At this point it is not known how persons are becoming infected (with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus). Some of the confirmed cases had contact with animals or with environments where animals are housed. The virus has now been found in chickens, ducks, and captive-bred pigeons at live bird markets near locations where cases have been reported. The possibility of an animal source of the infection is being investigated, as is the possibility of person-to-person transmission.
…“We are just heading into re-emergence in November and December,” ...“It will of course peak at Chinese New Year because it’s the time of maximum poultry production.”
Chinese New Year is on Jan. 31 next year.
...When the Ministry of Agriculture tested 68,060 samples collected from poultry markets, farms and slaughterhouses, they found only 46 -- or 0.07 percent -- tested positive for the virus, the official Xinhua news agency reported in April.
When researchers from the University of Hong Kong conducted their own survey based on 1,341 specimens from chickens, ducks and other birds, as well as 1,006 water and fecal samples from bird markets, they found H7 viruses in 60, or 2.6 percent of them, according to a study published in the journal Nature in August.
“There’s competing interests in China between economic development and human health, and there’s continual pressure on these two essentially competing interests at all levels of government,” said Hong Kong University’s Cowling.
…Six percent of blood specimens from 396 poultry workers in China were found to have antibodies against H7N9, according to a Sept. 18 report in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. That suggests dozens of people in contact with farmed birds have been exposed to the virus without necessarily getting sick. None of the 1,129 people from the general population had H7N9 antibodies.
...Cooler weather will enable viral particles to remain viable for longer in the environment, such as in the air, on surfaces or in water
Mild Illness in Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus–Infected Poultry Worker, Huzhou, China, April 2013
Abstract
During April 2013 in China, mild respiratory symptoms developed in 1/61 workers who had culled influenza A(H7N9) virus–infected poultry. Laboratory testing confirmed A(H7N9) infection in the worker and showed that the virus persisted longer in sputum than pharyngeal swab samples. Pharyngeal swab samples from the other workers were negative for A(H7N9) virus.
Conclusions
Our epidemiologic investigation and clinical review showed that mild upper respiratory symptoms developed in a man 6 days after he had contact with influenza A(H7N9) virus–infected poultry. We found that sputum samples from this patient remained positive for A(H7N9) virus longer than pharyngeal swab samples. This finding is in agreement with those of Chen et al. (10) and Lo et al. (13). Thus, it is a limitation of our screening of the patient’s 60 coworkers that we did not collect sputum specimens. Because of this, we may have missed identifying other mild infections among the workers who culled poultry.
The patient in this report is 1 of only a few adults with mild respiratory symptoms who have been confirmed to be infected with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus (8). Our investigation strongly suggests that he became infected with the virus after working for 3 hours as poultry culler in a contaminated wet market. Future investigations of persons exposed to influenza A(H7N9)–infected poultry may consider testing for the virus in sputum samples rather than throat swab samples.