Built around 848-849, the Great Mosque at Samara is the most memorable architectural image in Iraq. The Great Mosque was the Abbasid capital in
central Iraq. It is one of the largest mosque taking up 240 x 160 m, and was built with baked bricks. The most famous feature is the spiral minaret,
also called the al - Malwiyya. The minaret rises up 52 meters and may have been influenced by the earlier Mesopotamian ziggurats.
This mosque was built by al-Mu'tasim when he moved to Samarra at a time when it could no longer take in the large numbers of people, al-Mutawakel
built another great mosque in (234 BC-849 AD) and enlarged its area to become the biggest mosque in the world. Its area was 38,000 square meters. It
was designed to hold eighty thousand worshipers. Its brick walls surround a rectangular area about 240 meter in length, 158 meters in width and 10
meters in height. It has 23 doors, five of which are in the northern corner and eight in the eastern and western corners with two doors open in the
niche wall.
The spiral Malwiya Minaret is about 25 meters far from the mosque's northern wall. It lies exactly on its middle axis. It stands on a quadrangular
basis of 32 meters for each side. Above it there is a spiral building with stairs of 2,3 meters in width and starts from the middle of the eastern
side of the basis and turns anti-clock-wise completing by this five rounds that end in a small cylindrical room of a 6-meter radius. Its is decorated
with 8 arcs from the outside. Each arc is erected on two small brick posts. One of these posts forms a door where the ascent ends and leads to a small
ladder that ends on the top of the minaret.
BBC History: The Lost Palaces of Iraq
Major Monuments in the Muslim World
Islamic Golden Age
Architecture in Medieval Islamic Empires