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Originally posted by mrwiffler
reply to post by turbonium1
Another annoying aspect of the "oh noes teh danjerus radeashun" argument is the complete lack of historical context. In the 1960's scientists were still in the trial and error stage of gathering data about the effects of radiation. For goodness' sake, they flew planes through mushroom clouds just to "see what would happen".
My father was an airforce technician. Him and his mates would sit in the cocpits of the planes that had flown through nuclear blasts at Maralinga(south Australia) just to "see what would happen". They really weren't aware of the dangers involved. Thought they might get super powers or something.
By todays standards the Apollo missions seem a little lax in the radiation shielding department, but this is a reflection of the state of our knowledge back then, as much as it is also a reflection of the state of health and safety regulations in industry in the past. People took more risks in every dangerous field of endeavour. Regardless, the only real risk to the moon missions in terms of radiation were solar flares. Sure, they took a gamble, but were there any dangerous flares? No. End of story.
edit on 12-3-2013 by mrwiffler because: causeedit on 12-3-2013 by mrwiffler because: jjnln
These numbers seem generally consistent with the ~2 rem doses I recall. If every gram of a person's body absorbed 600,000 protons with energy 100 MeV, completely stopping them, the dose would be about 50 mSv. Assuming a typical thickness of 10 cm for a human and no shielding by the spacecraft gives a dose of something like 50 mSv in 300 sec due to protons in the most intense part of the belt.
For comparison, the US recommended limit of exposure for radiation workers is 50 mSv per year, based on the danger of causing cancer. The corresponding recommended limits in Britain and Cern are 15 mSv. For acute doses, the whole-body exposure lethal within 30 days to 50% of untreated cases is about 2.5-3.0 Gy (Gray) or 250-300 rad; in such circumstances, 1 rad is equivalent to 1 rem.
So the effect of such a dose, in the end, would not be enough to make the astronauts even noticeably ill. The low-level exposure could possibly cause cancer in the long term. I do not know exactly what the odds on that would be, I believe on the order of 1 in 1000 per astronaut exposed, probably some years after the trip. Of course, with nine trips, and a total of 3 X 9 = 27 astronauts (except for a few, like Jim Lovell, who went more than once) you would expect probably 5 or 10 cancers eventually in any case, even without any exposure, so it is not possible to know which if any might have been caused by the trips.
Much of this material can be found in the 1999 "Review of Particle Properties", (see below) in the sections on "Atomic and nuclear properties of materials", on "Radioactivity and radiation protection", and on "Passage of particles through matter".
Originally posted by turbonium1
The only risk Apollo had with radiation was how to fudge the actual data. And to get Van Allen on board.
Carol Rosin/Werner von Braun disclosure timeline. I added some dates here.. and the lies that go along with them.
1. commies (1949-1990)
LIE: American capitalist system defeats the Russian communist system. The American system indoctrinated and brainwashed 2 generations of Americans into believing that the Reds were going to nuke us at any minute of any day. That's enough to justify a clandestine space weapons program from 1960 onward.
The Cold War was not a victory at all unless one also counts the trillions of dollars of government debt racked up by the U.S. since 1950. And then it doesn't seem like so much of a victory to cheer about. During this time is the media exploitation of 'American exceptionalism' where America is characterized as the only remaining superpower in the world. en.wikipedia.org...
#2 and #3 go together because they are both integral to each other, terrorist groups and rogue nations.
2. terrorists/terrorism (1980-now).
LIE: America doesn't fund terrorists or rogue nations.
3. Nations of Concern/rogue nations (1980-now)
LIE: Rogue states are a threat to freedom. The American propaganda victory over Soviet Communism was immediately replace by two new threats, former Soviet satellite states and rogue states that were now in turmoil due to the collapse of the main enemies, the dirty Red Commies.
Of particular interest are the long string of costly foreign interventions from the mid-1980 up until today. Central America, Middle East and the long standing military occupations of European (NATO) countries. Last but not least the unending American support for both Israel AND Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of international terrorism.
This 50 years+ unilateral program of violence and duplicity with other nations proves that America is not what it says it is. Rogue States are created when America uses violence and duplicity on lower ranking nations. These 50 years of international troubles are the distractions while clandestine programs have been weaponizing space.
4. asteroids (2012-??)
Russia just announced that it was considering to build a space based asteroid shield. Carol Rosin's version of what Werner von Braun told her between 1974-1977 seems to be holding up quite well. This is a planned effort to introduce a new type of enemy threat ~ the Asteroids.
If we can imagine what Carol Rosin has said so far is true then we can take for granted that the new asteroid threat will be a false flag of some sort -- the asteroid will be bumped from one place to another by covert space weaponry and enters a fatal trajectory that would surely be viewed as an existential threat to humanity. Add to this the American retreat from LEO and the fact that Hollywood has already prepared us for this type of disaster scenario.
5. aliens, extraterrestrials (in the near future?)
Disclosure could mean only 1% or 50% or 99% disclosure. Let's look at the past to see how close we are to the alien disclosure.
Let's return to this line of reasoning when "disclosure" happens.
According to the Rosin/von Braun theory. First, the asteroids have to be ramped up. The disclosure of the moon landing hoax should take place after the e.t. disclosure. When the asteroids have played out... the terrorists and rogue states should be on the decline or almost gone... controlled by one world government system against an advancing, increasing alien e.t. threat... That's not my theory, it's theirs. I added some thoughts to it so I did.
The moon landing hoax disclosure probably won't be 100% successful.
We have already seen how NASA "lost" all Apollo telemetry tapes.
Today NASA partner in crime Arizona State University is busy erasing the reseau patterns from the Apollo images. Yippee.
NASA also sent out teams of investigators to recapture all the Nixon gift rocks... because they knew they are all fakes.
Ed Mitchell's camera lawsuit would also be considered part of this recapture team efforts to "clean up" the Apollo situation.
It brings new meaning to the Charles Bolden quote about turning science fiction into science fact.
Obviously he's in the disclosure plan as NASA administrator - you know the guy who is running the Keep Out Zones over Apollo landing sites.
Originally posted by DJW001
Tell me: most of the Roman Coliseum is closed to the public. Does that mean that it is a hoax? The Roman Empire never existed?
Leave von Braun out of this.
On December 22, 1942, Adolf Hitler signed the order approving the production of the A-4 as a "vengeance weapon" and the group developed it to target London. Following von Braun's July 7, 1943 presentation of a color movie showing an A-4 taking off, Hitler was so enthusiastic that he personally made von Braun a professor shortly thereafter.[24] In Germany at this time, this was an exceptional promotion for an engineer who was only 31 years old.
I think you're in the wrong thread. Von Braun being a Nazi has nothing to do with the subject at hand.
So, Finally, when you, and DJW, have tried to remove WvB from the Apollo equations, what is your final strategy?
Originally posted by DJW001
reply to post by SayonaraJupiter
So, Finally, when you, and DJW, have tried to remove WvB from the Apollo equations, what is your final strategy?
On the contrary, it is you who have tried to deflect away from the importance of Rosin's testimony. According to her, von Braun "confessed" that there would be a series of false revelations in order to militarize space. If that is true, why did he not confess to faking the Moon landings? You can't have your cake and eat it too.
Well DJW please tell us what you really think about DOCTOR Carol Rosin's videotape at the disclosure conference. Was she acting? Is she fabricating? Can we trust her credibility simply by examining her credentials?
Here is Dr. Carol Rosin's video, from the time she takes the podium until she leaves it. There are no cuts. Have you watched it from end to end? I think she's credible. She says not once, but twice, she says that she would testify under oath in front of Congress. I think she's credible. Based on what she has said in the video that Werner von Braun told her between 1974-1977, your Nazi hero von Braun could have been feeding her a load of rubbish and she believed all of it.
Dr. Carol Rosin is a credible witness and Werner von Braun is a credible Nazi. Fair and square.