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Originally posted by Swing80s
How does my computer tie into quantum physics? E/I*R is regular physics as far as I remember and everything else that involves circuitry from what I learned in a Physics class that turned out to be nothing but teaching how to make and understand and use computers involved regular physics if I remember correctly.
Originally posted by ubeenhad
reply to post by EarthCitizen07
Put it this way. On physicsforums, its a banned topic to mention anything about doomsday 2012 because there is ZERO scientific evidence.
The fundamental physics roots of this era began with the explosive growth of quantum
mechanics in Europe in the 1920s. The first application of this new theory to solids was
Bloch’s 1928 quantum theory of metals. The foundations of semiconductor physics quickly
followed with Peierls’ 1929 theory of the positive Hall effect due to holes, Brillouin’s 1930
concept that band gaps are related to the Bragg scattering conditions, and Wilson’s 1931 band
theory of semiconductors, including the effects of doping. A major development in the
physics of real materials was Wigner and Seitz’s 1933 approximate method for calculating
band structure. This marked the beginning of a shift from the fundamental studies of the
1920s to the practical solid-state physics which would dominate the second half of the 20th
century.
The experimental roots of semiconductor physics date from the 19th century. In the 1870s, at
almost exactly the same time that Bell was inventing the telephone, physicists working on
selenium, copper oxide, and various metallic sulfides (all materials we know today to be
semiconductors) were discovering diode rectification behavior, the Hall effect,
photoconductivity, and the photovoltaic effect. In fact, even the idea of inventing a solid-state
analog of the vacuum tube had occurred to a number of people during the 1920s and 1930s --
Lilienfeld patented the field-effect concept in 1926 and Brattain and Becker at Bell Labs
contemplated putting a grid into copper oxide rectifiers during the 1930s.
By the late 1930s, solid-state physics was well-established and had the potential for major
applications. In a move reminiscent of earlier eras, Mervin Kelly, Bell Labs’ Director of
Research, sought out the best of the new breed of solid-state physicists to explore the potential
of semiconductors for communications; in 1936 he hired William Shockley from Slater’s
group at MIT. However, the effort to make devices of possible use in communications, e.g.,
solid-state switches or amplifiers, did not start seriously until 1946 when non-military research
resumed at Bell Labs after WW II. Shockley was put in charge of a new solid-state research
group specifically chartered to obtain a fundamental understanding of the device potential of
silicon and germanium, which had been developed into excellent microwave detectors during
the war. One of his first moves was to hire John Bardeen. The subsequent path to success
was as rapid as Arnold’s development of the vacuum-tube amplifier in 1912. The pointcontact
transistor, shown in Fig. 4, was demonstrated within two years, by the end of 1947.
The birth of the transistor is covered in a number of 50th Anniversary reviews (Riordan and
Hoddeson, 1997; Brinkman et al., 1997; Ross, 1998), including one in this volume (Herring
et al., 1999). Therefore, our focus will be to review the relationship of the transistor to the
technology changes that have revolutionized communications over the past 50 years.4
The application of the transistor to
communications occurred in two
phases. The first, during the 1950s,
was simply the replacement of vacuum
tubes in various circuits. The first
commercial use of the transistor in the
Bell System was in 1954; the first fully
“transistorized” product (the E6
repeater) was in 1959. There were
some benefits of size and power
reduction, but the functionality and
design of the telephone system was not
changed. In the second phase, the
transistor made possible digital
transmission and switching -- an
entirely new communications
technology that revolutionized the
industry. The concept of digital voice
communications, known as pulse code
modulation (PCM), was first
demonstrated in 1947 at Bell Labs.
This early demonstration was based on
voice coding ideas developed in the
1930s and telephone encryption
devices used by the military during the
war. Commercial use of PCM,
however, was not possible without
transistors to make the complex circuits
practical. The first digital transmission
system, the so-called T1 carrier, was
introduced in 1962 and carried 24
digital voice channels with an overall
bit rate of 1.5 Mbit/sec. Even though a combined digital switching and transmission system was demonstrated in 1959 at Bell Labs,
the first commercial use of fully digital switching and transmission was not until the
introduction of the 4ESS switch for long-distance traffic in 1976.
Originally posted by ImaFungi
reply to post by Arbitrageur
can you theoretically think of any way a human can "create new space"?
About halfway through Thanksgiving dinner when I start feeling full, I usually loosen my belt a notch to make more space for dessert!
Originally posted by ImaFungi
reply to post by Arbitrageur
if the universe itself can expand and create "new" space,..,,.
can you theoretically think of any way a human can "create new space"?
what would that entail? what would it mean?
I know I ask this alot but is space made of anything,, is it physical?
I know the space between you and I is composed of gas,, particles, atoms, molecules...,. but what is the supposed vaccumn of space composed of?
do you think it is possible to have an area of absolute nothing,, in this universe or any,, now or ever?
do you think that area of nothing would be the truest deffiniton of "space",, and that is what would be referred to when one says the universe is expanding./creating new space?
Originally posted by twistedlogic
reply to post by jiggerj
I don't know if it has been mentioned and i don't really feel like going through 7 pages of comments to check but heres my take.
The universe is not expanding into anything. Expanding is really not that great of a word to describe this concept, because people assume it must be expanding into something.
A better word would be stretching, still not entirely accurate, but gives you a better visualization of whats going on (or believed to be going on) I like to visualize a balloon. Help at all?