Unified Theory Visual Model Draft ver.9

But space does not dictate time that which occupies it does and the more energy matter mass condensed in a space the stronger gravity and speed of time becomes, as one reaches toward center of mass the faster time moves for them compare to the surface of a spherical object something further outside this sphere time for it moves slower then anything closer to the center

i agree entirely, thanks for the informative post

time appears to move faster or slower relative to the distance to the centre of mass of the sphere, as the gravity is stronger the closer you get. i'm not debating the effects of gravity. this theory does not preclude anything that has been discovered by science so far, that i am aware of. science is a language, it's interpretational, whether it's graviton particles or electromagnetic distortion, the effect is the same.

later on i introduce a concept of universal time you may find interesting.

thanks again for the contribution =)

Tilt Axis

Each shells rotational direction will be biased by the axis(s) of rotation of the original energy particles along with their energy levels.

The overall magnetic pole axis can be different from the outer shell spin axis or the rotational axis of the rotating body. One of the considerations when selecting possible candidates for the original energy particle was multiple axis of spin causing offset multiple magnetic poles.

This is the introduction of ‘Sub Poles’.
The forces on and within the magnetic atmosphere of a spinning shell are similar to the forces that create our weather patterns and other previously described patterns. The medium is different and the scale of curvature really small and the spin velocity really high but there are enough similarities that some predictions may be made.

Cyclone type eddy currents that rotate in slight lag with the spinning body form between the tropics and the poles. Changing latitude in relation to spin velocity. The direction of the magnetic eddies is polar dependant.

The direction of the eddy lag is different than the polar rotational lag as per the furry ball example. A north rotating force looks like a south pole. This may be difficult for some to see; the triple blind spot takes a bit to explain, as its to do with the centre of eddiess being in energy-lag relative to their edges, and double spin eddies joining to cause a center driven rotation effect (explained in detail later). Just pretend for the first pass of the model that they represent something like a south sub pole. Just don’t get too hung up on the idea that a particular direction eddy means N or S.

We are on a spinning magnetic ball in elctromagnetic space. Note that atmosphere turbulences are happening in a shell thickness that represents the thickness of a coat of varnish on a baseball.

Spherical or toroid shells, with energy transversing within, both between them, and also as densely turbulent patterns within patterns on/in the shells.

These polar eddies represent extra north sub poles in the northern hemisphere and extra south sub poles in the southern hemisphere.


These eddies are larger and better spaced than the equivalent atmospheric eddies and have weaker pole strengths than the hemisphere poles.

These eddies are perimeter driven and not necessarily fixed to the surface of the rotating body and in theory will probably lag the actual rotation, giving results that might be misinterpreted by some as evidence of pole flips.

Interestingly the eddy currents may be position-influenced by geological faults.


The material science view of a materials magnetic strength is that it is strongly influenced by temperatures during formation and the cooling rate afterwards. Pottery kiln construction and methodology will affect magnetic field strengths in pottery samples even if the original clay material source stays the same.

What is energy

Going beyond "Energy is measurable by the rate you expend it", or "a watt of energy is 6.232 x 10^18 electrons passing a point in a wire of one ohms resistance" concepts, to the basic child’s question of "What is it?", Is there just one type of energy or many? One type of energy that exhibits as many or converts back and forth?

E = ħ ƒ Energy = a hertzian constant times the frequency
A first generation quantum formula for energy in waves (on the wave side of the wave verses particle debate but used for photons and other energy particles)

E = M V2 Energy = the mass times the velocity square
The standard mechanical formula for energy in a moving body

E = M C2 Energy = the mass times the speed of light squared
Einstein’s energy formula

If mass is presented as layers of flux in rotation moving along a vector and the speed of light variable with the flux density of local space, then this is exactly the same as the mechanical energy formula except the letter V has been changed to the letter C. Basically these are the same formula but are not treated remotely the same,
even slight perception changes can affect overall understanding for any idea built on top.

In the last forty years we have recognized that the speed of light is not always constant, (can be slowed down), but in the days when this theory was first proposed light speed was considered to be constant and unchanging and has led to some pretty strange interpretations of what energy is or what mass is. When matter it is regarded as being made from God Particles which are some how separate entities from energy.

For instance is light a wave or a particle? Is it matter? It moves like a particle and has measurable inertia; causes heat on impact and of course a measurable velocity of propagation and can be distinguished by frequency. It strikes the surface of a photo cell and changes into electricity, (layman view), powers an electron pump or whatever.. We get a voltage differential, i.e. converts as heat, magnetism and indirectly, electricity, and it gets interference patterns.

Did I mention that particles of sand move into interference patterns when blown by wind? We have these stories, we were all brought up on; visual model images that fit the theories of a hundred years ago but now lead us to blind spots. Heat and energy flow propagation are clearly different from each other but intrinsically linked. The Primary types of energy that we look at are; Potential & Kinetic (Fundamental to model), Heat and Electricity, Chemical Bonds, Magnetism, and the magnetic spectrum of Waves, and Energy Particles.

In an energy based universe model, these are all directly linked. "Unified Theory" simply means “Everything Linked”.


Atomic Numbers vs. Atomic Diameters

So radii decrease in size as mass (energy) builds up then it slips at even number masses, the new shell position forms a larger diameter. Makes sense if rotational energy is being compressed into pattern. Diameter goes down while mass is going up. I.e. energy density going up.

If you consider it a blanket then a scrunching or folding represents an increased density of blanket per cubic area, the same amount of energy in a smaller space represents increased density, i.e. increased mass (part of it). Diameters plotted are standard accepted quantum formula data




Here's an example of a blind spot; an atom containing 72 protons, 72 neutrons and 72 electrons; each having a radius smaller than an atom with a nucleus containing only 3 protons and 3 neutrons, (explored in depth later). That’s 144 hydrogen atoms of space compressed..

This model uses a single energy particle at the nuclei, instead of separate protons and neutrons, thus steering clear of this issue and completely avoiding the need for the magic strong atomic force. (Although the particle will have fractal components that could be perceived in some experiments as being energy particles). Pattern structures represent increased mass; as energy in structured movement and as energy absorption/conversion required for the atom to stay balanced. The shells and their positioning(s) and densities of pattern and rotational axis relative to each other

Prime number atomic masses are overly prominent in the pattern at peaks and points of inflection, and minimum points are all even atomic numbers flanked by primes. This is a pattern based connection to frequency and the influence of prime numbers on frequency not an “Add Charge Particle Effect”.

Adding odd number harmonics or signals together results in a symmetrical resultant waves but adding even harmonics together results in unsymmetrical waves. This is a harmonic model where frequency and mass directly tie to volume and energy. Atomic numbers are regarded as steps in energy. This connection becomes clearer as the model progresses.

Charge
In common terms charge represents concepts of positive and negative, attraction or repulsion, north and south, higher or lower energy levels. I suggest that ‘positive & negative’ and ‘north & south’ don’t exist without reference to each other (two sides of a coin), for something to be positive, it must be more positive than something else, or to be north of something, the something must be to your south.

On a spinning object, both north and south are represented as a hemisphere balance but charge is by nature an imbalance between relative measures, i.e. between two different atoms or between normal balanced state and a particular harmonic energy level either side of normal.

In this model, charge on energy particles is subtly different than ‘energy contained within’, charge imbalance between shells would instantly balance. To get an effect similar to the concept of lost or gained Electrons and Ions the harmonic balance must change a harmonic step, i.e. the shell positions must change resulting in a different volume to energy level and pole axis shifts (within a pattern). The effect of shell axis influence would extend to influencing the nucleus axis.

Charge on a material represents an overall energy difference between two or more separate physical locale
Tribo Electric effects, static electricity, galvanic reactions and most chemical reactions fit in this category to varying degrees.

Electricity intersects at this point; where sustained chemical reaction releases energy, batteries creating a constant potential difference in energy between two points. A battery's chemical reaction progress is controlled by whether or not the energy is allowed to balance. Insulators and conductors are the differences in material structures that allow the flow of energy. In this model it's necessary to consider concepts of electricity being made up of little balls of negative charge jumping from orbit to orbit, though workable in some models, obsolete .


Bonds and Forces
The pinch effect of rotation between two different places only requires 180˚ degrees to create a complete cut off effect but obviously there is also slip/lag.





I suggest that this effect is a lot more important than some realize.

I suggest that when combined with concepts of energy transfer it represents a major player in things like bonds between atoms, structures of materials, and maybe ball lightening and flux tubes on the sun. This pattern movement creates spring effects and bubbles as well as the better known shear effect. In an energy based universe; it’s not just the imaginary tube being affected. The effect extends into surrounding space, pushing and pulling.


Shadowgraph of Gemini capsule model in flight-stability tests.

There are so many things that don’t show to the naked eye because of speed, spectrum or scale. I see a shock wave and pressure differences separated by energy flow movement due to density. Lots of signs of rotation of whole pattern structures, and possibly bubbles of cavitations.

Heat
This is the first step to describe the relationship of heat, energy and magnetic effect. How does heat energy behave?
Heat –> Energy Add energy get heat or is there more?
Heat –> Space Add heat – take up more space
Heat –> Order Add heat – decrease order
Heat –> Vibration Add heat – increase vibration
Heat –> Rotation Add heat – increase rotation speed?
Heat –> Magnetism Add heat – reduce overall magnetism by making it more random in direction, i.e. self canceling.

So what is heat? We get burns from cold as well as hot. These burns and sensations are energy transfer, to or away from us, at a rate that damages us. Specific heat to be regarded as the most stable energy density of a particular material based on bond structures caused by atom sizes and energy densities. Energy density is more than the number of atoms within a physical volume.

In this model atoms and patterns need a supply of energy to convert; to support their continued existence and includes the energy in bonding structures between atoms as part of overall surrounding space density. This model suggests a direct relationship to ‘specific temperature’, as being related to energy reflectivity, absorption and emission. More dense objects being cooler, more energy sucked out of space towards them equals more gravity. Gravity related to heat?

In this model energy that we think of as heat, is explained as extra rotational energy and energy in extra (semi stable) pattern held in the space between atoms (in saturation) as part of the density of local space.

This extra spin and energy can be imparted across the whole material as a result of a small part of the energy flow through the material imparting extra energy density(s) by action of the flow, or as energy imparted through direct physical contact and conduction.

Increases in spin will cause expansion as magnetic fields rearrange and generally expand imparting new vectors of force (pattern). Could it be a simple as energy conduction and energy absorption?

Heat Pumps
Mankind has developed a number of ways of heating and other systems for cooling. Fire, an oxidation process i.e. a chemical reaction with lots of extra properties like expansion of hot gasses. Resistance heating where energy is forced through some type of material, either in a single direction or with high speed oscillations within the energy supply. Compression heating where physical movement generates heat (friction). Cavity resonant heating where small bubbles within a fluid are made to resonate under compression waves. Release cycles create vacuum peaks that tear molecules apart releasing their energy ("Star in a jar", Cold fusion).

Cooling has a number of tricks but the mainstay; Expansion and contraction of gases.
Solids and liquids don’t compress that well, so what we use is a gas that compresses to a liquid. By forcing the gas into its liquid state it only takes up a fraction of its original volume. By releasing the liquid gas through a small valve into a bigger chamber of only slightly lower pressure; the smaller volume of liquid becomes a bigger volume of gas. The compressor re-compresses the gas to a liquid requiring relatively little energy. The purpose is to move heat or energy from one place to another.

When the gas takes on the bigger volume, the volume starts to suck energy from surrounding space. Surfaces in contact become cold or frosty. The same applies, when the gas is compressed in volume, excess energy is given off. I suggest that when energy differential levels are low, conductance through transfer of energy from one pattern to another is the main form of energy transfer. But when the differential [rate of change] is greater, the electromagnetic spectrum starts to play a bigger part. We can feel it radiating onto our bodies as heat, (infra red), and ‘at higher rates of change’, see it as radiated light.


So two different volumes and the same number make/model of atoms. The large volume sucks energy until it reaches equilibrium and the small volume sheds energy until it reaches equilibrium. A slightly different specific heat for each. No electrons or energy particles here; the energy is in the pattern and structure of the bonds within the jiggle, or vibration/spin. Energy can be dissipated away by contact with objects with lower energy levels. Or absorbed over time and converted and emitted as electromagnetic energy vibrations, light and radio type emissions, (spin, vibration, emission)

Thermal transfer would be regarded as transfer by rotational forces and stresses on surrounding space. The number and strength of poles, (speeds of rotation and axis of rotation) and axis tilts result in bond structures, (materials) that vary in their ability to conduct heat. I.e. Thermal conductors and insulators. It would also explain why heat causes distinct types of heat distortion in metals and other types of materials by the direction the heat flows. (The way they pull and expand). I suggest the energy transfer pattern would look very like the fractal tree branch pattern with the highest energy reflection and emission at points of greatest energy flow concentration.

Originally posted by moebius


@galactix
Look up the terms thermal conductivity and phonons.

thanks Mobius. i am quite familiar with "thermal conductivity", use it every day in my work, and have had the opportunity to test physical systems against complex models.... which really aren't that sophisticated, just arithmetically intense, and usually incorrect, especially when modelling heat transfer that passes through a radiant exchange.

My question was directed at building some understanding towards links between energy transfer in the form of heat vs. energy transfer in the form of electricity. Phonons speak of vibrational modes and the basic conclusion is that the energy is transferred along the lattice and since highly ordered materials have stiff lattices this 'energy' moves quite rapidly.

from Wikipedia:
"At absolute zero temperature, a crystal lattice lies in its ground state, and contains no phonons. A lattice at a non-zero temperature has an energy that is not constant, but fluctuates randomly about some mean value. These energy fluctuations are caused by random lattice vibrations, which can be viewed as a gas of phonons. (The random motion of the atoms in the lattice is what we usually think of as heat.) Because these phonons are generated by the temperature of the lattice, they are sometimes referred to as thermal phonons."

Bit circular here: energy causes motion = phonons which in turn cause energy fluctuations. I've read it before and it's more overly complicated baflement.

Phonos are a way of looking at patterns. But the idea in no way lends understanding to how that energy gets transferred and what the actual thing being transferred is. Same with electrons (if the even exist).

No mention of what heat energy actual *is* when compared with electricity. And strictly speaking, "heat" as defined by thermodynamics is "energy in motion", but this is ridiculous because i can cause heat to flow into a material and then isolate it. The energy remains and can be saved for 'use' later: *something* has come and gone.

Vibration (heat? maybe), both in terms of kinetic energy and molecular vibration are simply *expressions* of that energy. Further, the macro flowing of energy in the form of heat causes an electrical charge imbalance and vice verse, this phenomenon giving rise to devices such as thermocouples and peltier modules.

There is a link: what is it? What is it that lies beneath the two that gives rise to the individual expressions.

That was my question.

Can you answer it?

On the OP's ideas. As he states clearly, this is a first go at creating a conceptual framework. Actual provable (or otherwise) hypotheses come later. What he is proposing is a wholesale restructuring of the way we consider matter.

t'will be some time before we can formulate testable ideas, i think.

Magnetism, Electricity and Static
Synchronization concept

There are stabilizing forces like synchronization that resist pattern changes. Synchronization is a concept normally associated with generation networks. Basically the generators all spin to a precise rhythm controlled by a master generator. In this model, atoms and all larger scale energy structures vibrate within patterns. The stresses created in space are basically the same as the forces that cause generator synchronization. Some pictures to get you thinking. In particular the effects of lag as a limiting factor.


The effects on two wires carrying energy flow. The effect of ‘lag’ produces secondary effects. Limits of closeness, that graph with two humps; direction of energy flow etc.

Rotation end to end and density influence.


This is an imaginary cylinder / tube that represents the space between two places in physical space that have different rotation velocities. When energy flows through the tube (as part of a balancing usually) a twisting occurs and the ends pull together. Remember the tube is imaginary and is just a representation of the stress/strain across that part of space and represents a general influence as part of bigger pattern structures.
That would be clockwise and anticlockwise space, or North and South, not positive and negative charge particles.

Understanding of magnetism is developed across the whole model as flux concentrations created by sets of forces caused by energy flow over atomic structures and differs in effect and nature on different scales and on different types of matter.

Ferrous Metals and Materials (This doesn’t give the answer just a look).
There are five ferrous elements (meaning attracted by a magnet).

Atomic No. Relative mass Melt point Atomic Mass Atomic Diameter
26 Fe (Iron) 7.81 1535 c 55.85 3.34
27 Co (Cobalt) 8.90 1492 c 58.93 3.24
28 Ni (Nickel) 8.90 1452 c 58.69 3.14
64 Gd (Gadolinium) 157.3 3.58
66 Dy (Dysprosium) 162.5 3.57

Link between atomic diameter and magnetism in elements?

So what's magnetism?

The usually observed effects of electro-magnetism and magnetism are regarded as ‘orientation of poles within the materials domain structures’. Permanent magnets; ‘material structure is one that retains this type of pole to pole structured alignment’.

But it seems like there’s more; melt points and radii and positioning within the radii pattern all fit within a tight range. The pattern between, is the one with the two non prime odd number peaks. A total difference of 0.44Ǻ, between ferromagnetic element diameters.

Raindrops and atoms have preferred size limits. Raindrops become bigger in denser atmosphere.
Ferromagnetic elements are middle size atoms ½ ways between the largest and smallest diameters.

Nonmagnetic vs Magnetic by structure of material?
vs.
Ok so they’re not painted red and black and the scales are wrong, but certain structures would appear to offer better permanent alignments for flux type energy to flow.

Within this model, energy flows/transfers through matter and affects it in specific ways through interaction of atoms and bonds in group structures containing synchronization forces etc. In the 2nd pass description, concepts of synchronization, lag and stress on space are explored to account for thermal and electrical, behavior of conductors and insulators. But this model needs to be built in steps to show where the dots connect; so without skipping ahead for the spoilers..

Within this model: Space has X, Y, and Z Dimensions as volume and density made from a flux that can be stretched, twisted and compressed, ‘the flux’ does not have mass of its own. Mass relates to fractal roughness of pattern concepts. Energy flow does not require mass but is influenced by it, and in turn influences it. The defining point between energy in pattern and mass is a subjective one based on our scales of measurement and perceptions. (Like taking your weighing equipment to the bottom of a swimming pool and trying to measure the weight of a glass of water.)

We don’t have flux proof jars so the Archimedes concept of displacement doesn’t work directly so we measure relative densities instead and refer to it as mass.

reply to post by galactix

There is a link: what is it? What is it that lies beneath the two that gives rise to the individual expressions. That was my question. Can you answer it?

On the OP's ideas. As he states clearly, this is a first go at creating a conceptual framework. Actual provable (or otherwise) hypotheses come later. What he is proposing is a wholesale restructuring of the way we consider matter. t'will be some time before we can formulate testable ideas, i think.

this link is one i am hoping to resolve with my research, i believe i'm somewhere on the way to doing it, but it's an inexorably long journey and as you said, it will be some time before anything testable, let alone verifiable can be drawn, beyond what i've already observed. i felt i'd basically taken this model as far i could on my own, thus throwing it out there for others to pull apart or add to it..

consider it some form of an opensource unification project or summink. =)

A water jet is a movement of pattern, which can be measured, (a perception thing). Within this model the complexities of pattern is a measure of the energy density and relative energy densities cause movement and are affected by movement. The flux or force we feel between two magnets is in many ways similar to the jet of water in that it doesn’t have much mass difference (density) but has a movement that can be measured as a force in local space. The perception of this effect is strongly affected by perception of scale, e.g. ‘air pressure affected by temperature’ or ‘sound propagation through a medium’.

The “fields” of the earth, of permanent magnets, electromagnets and static charges are all different from each other in the way they react and move due to the causes of the fields being on different mediums and scales relative to density and limits.

When an electrical current travels down a wire a magnetic field is generated around the wire, (without getting into the labeling/terminology issues). The strength of the field is proportional to the amount of current on a single wire. Current usually prefers to move along the outside of conductors, pipes often being used when allowed. Electrical current is dependant on electrical resistance for any given energy potential.

A dc current through a copper wire produces a rotating field that collapses back into current when the energy transfer is stopped. An iron based conductor will often have a residual field after the energy flow has stopped. This residual field will oppose a current from the opposite direction until overcome. Within the concept of hysteresus a banana shaped graph of the material is shown; where the lines cross the Y axis is the energy level required to neutralize this residual permanent magnetism. Suspending an iron object and then striking it on the end can produce a similar effect as can placing an iron needle in a strong magnetic field.

The original questions of “why doesn’t an atom run down?” or “where does the energy for a permanent magnets field come from?“, point back to an energy source for the atom and the size of the atom and a particular bond structure interaction.

Magnets have half lives; weakening over time; changing structure or losing energy?
Ferro magnetic elements and magnets are different.
Ferro magnetic just means attracted by a magnet or locally polarizible.
Some magnets don’t contain any Ferro-magnetic elements.
Magnets come in a huge range of strengths, with other properties also changing.
Not all magnets are electrical conductors and most have poor thermal conductance.

Magnetic seems to point to some sort of alignment that creates a permanent field. The fields attract each other or repel each other. Smaller magnets placed in larger fields try to align their fields in reverse polarity
This is why the south end of the compass magnet is marked “N”; pointing at the earths North magnetic pole.

The Ferro-magnetic elements are all approximately the same diameter with approximately the same melting point; suggesting commonality between them even though the mass or energy levels change. This also suggests a molecule or material connection, i.e. the elements bonding structure due to size. The physical lay of the atoms within a metal crystal or ‘domain’ will be dependent on size and pole arrangement of the main atoms and the solute atoms within the magnetic grouping. Sometimes these groups contain billions of mixed atoms with common vibration within scale perceptions. Magnetic fields in materials are affected by heat.

This models solution to all these effects is that the bond structure of the material causes some atoms to line up both with N-S polarities and shell sub poles aligned or a mixture of both. That crystal and domain type energy structures add an extra layer of complexity on top but the size of the overall rotating field is in direct relationship to the amount of energy being transferred and what it is being transferred through. As stated this not a complete answer yet but helps in overall understanding.

Light and Lightning

The argument being put forward is that space, or at least the magnetic component of space, can be stressed along X, Y and Z planes and that matter, energy particles and waves in this medium are affected by, but also concentrate and compress within the medium. Arguments are put forward re the limits found in both waves and particles as a step toward explaining light and energy behaviors within the model. Concepts of photons and how they’re generated run into problems with longer wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum when the wavelengths start to become bigger than the atom, it's like part of the story is missing.

Looking to our planet and atmosphere, there are two distinct shell systems, firstly the gaseous layered atmosphere (often called the heavy side), and secondly the magnetic shells we recognize as the magneto-sphere. The Van Allen belts are the two bigger outer bands that exist far outside the atmosphere and can’t be seen from the planet.

Inner bands like the troposphere, stratosphere and ionosphere are an overlay of the magnetic shells on the denser atmosphere and clearly interact. The number of lightening events increase with energy input; increased activity during the day, the summer, during sunspot activity etc. On average there are 8 million lightening bolts per day that last 1/10,000th of a second each.

Ground lightening goes up to 13 miles, clouds to ground, up and down lightening, blue and white because of gasses and pressure.
Blue Jets go up from clouds to 23 miles, tight thin jets billowing at the top.
Sprites are between 23 – 60 miles. Sprites come down through middle atmosphere, groups of two or three, up to 30 miles across.
E.L.F.s come down from somewhere higher but only become visible as they ionize the atmosphere at the 60 mile mark.

I suggest lightening is energy balancing between shells. That atmosphere represents a higher energy density than free space, ‘more atoms and pattern’, and being close to the planet surface has a higher stress exhibited within it.

Does this remind anyone of the Bohr model of the atom and the way photons are supposed to be emitted from an atom from energy orbits? One of the questions un-asked seems to be; where did the lightening bolt start and finish? When the ground is involved we can usually say ‘there’ and point to a place of impact, entry/exit. In the sky between clouds and between magnetic layers the start and end points are more elusive. “It started one meter left of where?”, was the start point was determined with the human eye or an instrument that sees in a much wider spectrum?

Do we say the bolt started when it represented an energy level sufficient to ionize a particular gas at a certain pressure into emitting light that we can see, or do we say it started where our most sensitive instruments could first detect a rate of change? The harder you look, the harder the start point and cause are to find.

Lightening that we see is light emissions from ionized gas. That’s light, x-rays, heat etc. The common concept that lightening is electricity becomes stretched when electron transfer cannot be the answer in these upper atmosphere lightening phenomena. Energy is clearly transferring from one place to another, but the nature of this energy transfer is different in different media, or on different media.

Einstein did a lot of work with Bohr trying to prove light was a particle. In this model the energy transfer that causes lightening, light and electricity is not an electron movement or atom based energy at all. Photon mass relative to electron mass; they are close to the same but have different properties and direction of emission from atoms (they are products of emission).

Atoms require some form of energy supply to stop from degenerating. Atoms convert energy into vibration that extends into surrounding space, further patterning, and increasing density. Atoms and structures that form mass represent an increased density in space. The cross section of lightening decreases rapidly with increased atmospheric pressure.

This energy flow lines up polarities and increases magnetic fields, causing heat, increasing spacing in material structures etc. It causes atoms to spontaneously emit energy particles of varying frequencies as limits are exceeded.

Mass keeps being attracted to mass as electromagnetic space gets sucked towards every atom, scrunched into pattern and sent back out as vectors of spin and vibration. Proton and neutrons mass is the same but have different spin axis and characteristics. This model suggests energy particles like protons and neutrons are generated or emitted in extreme cases.

Earth's primary source of energy comes in the form of energy particles emitted from the sun (protons, neutrons, electrons, photons, gamma and X rays and radio waves etc. The magnetosphere shells and atmosphere clearly interact more with increases of density and with increased energy input. Number of lightening events increase with energy input, increased activity during the day, the summer, during sunspot activity.. Lightening also creates its own electromagnetic events.

The height and energy density of the shells change to the environment. Every ‘Ham’ radio operator knows that the signals bounce off the ionosphere during a certain part of the night. Part of the wave guide concept; the ‘magnetic shell’ has retracted over a less energy rich environment causing a reflection rather than a refraction or absorption.

Quite a different way of looking at it but I suggest that photon emission from atoms is an equivalent scaled effect to lightening energy transfer but the photon part probably moves like a high speed ‘smoke ring’ sort of electromagnetic wave. Moving away from the atom along a vector longitudinally away from the original energy transfer.


Very high speed, small diameter toroidal flows cause high speed forward movement. (A climbing action based on spinning axes). Sub-poles on an atom might act as a lens/emitter. Will expand this in second pass. The vertical lines coming up off the top of the swirl are energy transfers that we often associate with electricity

“Wave guides” is a concept associated with ‘control of flow of energy’ but all the concepts can also be expressed in simple terms like the properties of a river bank that allows a range of ‘efficient flows’
Volume and velocity that don’t erode the banks.


Optic fiber uses the concept of wave guides as part of the construction of the fiber. A dense optic core encased in slightly less dense optic material. Grading of the optic density improves reflection angles and causes graded refraction, so the light stays within the “river banks”.

Chemical Bonding and Material Structures (putting the concepts together).

In this model energy levels happen in steps due to the physical limits of wave formation and propagation within a physical space, i.e. concepts behind wave guides and constraints. Size, volume and mass are a result of this pattern structure. This leads to concepts of energy density and charge and shell axis alignment.

Without going into a full spiel about bonding structures this model has pointed at multi pole spinning objects and hinted that number of shells and positioning(s) and rotation speeds of the shells are strong influences on sub-pole & molecule shapes and material structures and properties.

Cubic forms with center bodied and center faced structures etc are easily explained using this model as are many other common structures.

Physical size ratios of the element atoms cause obvious geometric limits to potential bonds, as written up in many Engineering Materials text books. (This one above wouldn’t work due sub pole misalignment).


Electrical Relationship

When shells stack up, each individual shell is affected by firstly it’s own sets of poles and secondly by the poles on shells either side resulting in magnetic poles and axis poles being able to shift relative to each other.

I suggest that energy flows through a material would help to orientate each atom’s shells, N to S, causing the familiar electromagnetic effects associated with electricity as sub poles line up and slip over each other.

I suggest the concepts of shear shells and sub hemisphere poles means that ‘sub poles’ will be moving past each other faster and more in line causing alternate forces that try to push the poles back out of line. Obviously not all atoms are free to move position or overall axis of rotation but the ones whose N and S lay in line with the flow will be the most affected

Heat Relationship

A ‘Heat” relationship where more energy causes these axis’s to move apart and shells to go through expansion steps as they balance.


The magnetic pole alignment combined with the relative energy levels to volume ratios; create the necessary attractions for basic Chemical bonding.

Ionic & Covalent Bonds
This model uses sub-poles and shell spacing and relative rotational movement and not electrons as causes for attraction and bonding. Bonded atoms don’t sit apart like this.

Ionic Bond Bohr model


Ionic Bond Heretic model (basic North, South connection, sub poles cause tilt in molecule)


Covalent Bond Bohr model


Covalent Bond Heretic model (two pole connection)

I suggest that the “E8 atomic force model”, points in favor of the heretic models force angles.

This pretty much concludes the first pass of the model. At this stage of the model I’ve argued for a universe full of, (for lack of a better description), flux, aether, or energy.


A basic energy particle created by colliding energy flows of this energy flux. A development of concepts of structure and of how an unrestricted version of this type of particle might move in space with multiple potential spin axis(s) that are not based at centre of mass.


The suggestion that whole families of this type of energy particle can be created with different energy levels based on harmonic stability within ranges and strength of polarity based on the randomness of spin axis.

The concept that shear shells can assist in retaining energy and introduce more physical properties to the model like polarity, sub poles and polar tilt. The Hydrogen atom being the first stable harmonic that has stable enough an energy pattern and complexity to be able to exist without having to move onto more energy (although still a large orbit). Using Hydrogen as a fundamental frequency; shell diameters clearly expand to weak points at prime energy levels of the fundamental.

That the energy required to sustain the vibration, is in fact simple magnetic space (supplying energy for rotation).

That gravity is this magnetic space measured; energy moving towards atoms from surrounding space. Like a wind; all matter attracts through this action.

Links between energy flow, heat, magnetism, electricity, gravity and chemical bond structures. Magnetic poles and element to element bonds being rotations of magnetic space rather than positive or negative charge particles.

You now have the basics of the model.

In second pass, the heretic model is compared to standard parts and common threads of the standard models, where the standard models appear to conflict and fall down. This is about removing preconceptions and blind spots that preclude other models and about putting the heretic model squarely in these holes to see if it fits. The extra explanations required, giving a more detailed level of understanding of the idea.

Natural States

The second pass of the model is a long section that compares standard models with the Heretic Model and adds extra detail for understanding.

Elements (Atoms) come in 92 natural sizes, more if you include the semi-stable man made ones. The electrons mass represents only 1:1360 of the atom nucleus mass. The atom diameter is 99.98 greater than the nucleus. Neutrons and protons are the same size and mass. The proton spins twice as fast as the neutron.

AMU - Atomic Mass Units 1 AMU = 1.66054 x 10-24 Grams

Proton = 1.0073 AMU
Neutron = 1.0087 AMU
Electron = 5.486 x10-4 AMU

Size Ǻ Angstroms = x10-10 meters
Average atom size between 0.98Ǻ - 6Ǻ

Stability of structure moves towards Iron “Fe” from both directions
26 protons & 26 neutrons + 26 electrons to give a total mass - atomic weight 55.85. A most stable pattern with a particular energy mass (volume, density)? Giving off energy when smaller atoms join towards the ‘Fe’ level of energy and requiring energy to create larger atoms. Giving off energy when larger atoms are split and requiring energy to split. Concept of Strong force and electromagnetic force being in balance at Iron.



So how much of this is indisputably provable fact and how much is results that matches theory? A subtle but very important difference, if the model is even slightly wrong then results can be misinterpreted to fit. I suggest that concepts of protons, neutrons and electrons are a left over concepts from the belief that the universe is made from bits of positive and negative, at the most fundamental level. (Democritus’s ‘Atomism theories of Positive & Negative)


The Bohr Atom Model and Blind Spot(s)

Standard understanding of shape and structure of materials is taught using a vast array of different models depending on point of view. I.e. a theoretical physicist, a practical chemist or engineer. Scales, terminologies and concepts of what is being measured or how to measure are all just side issues. The primary visual model used is a modified version of the original Bohr Atom. Possibly, an 'evolved version' would be a better way of putting it.

Ideas build on ideas. We can see structures with the naked eye. We can see crystals with jagged edges and fractal geometries with microscopes. We can create images to view, using energy particle emission and deflection techniques. We can even image a jostling bouncing spinning sphere that can be regarded as an image of what is actually there; an atom.

Blogs crucify the Bohr model atom, (it was his early work), very few offer alternatives. Mathematical models take over, to 'describe’, where the visual models start to flounder. While these math models do describe the physical results to high accuracy they appear to be less useful in the predictions area.

I say again, it is common thought to think of magnetic fields being generated by mass, but if the reverse is also true, if mass is generated by the electromagnetic fields colliding and causing 3-dimensional patterned structures out of turbulent energy, then our understanding of what is electricity might alter from concepts of electron flow or orbit holes or whatevers, with left or right hand field rules, to concepts of flux type energy, flowing along patterned structures of energy, resulting in rotating magnetic fields.

It’s the same results or perceived reaction as conventional science but using a different model and understanding coming to different conclusions as to reasons why.

Schrödinger’s wave
A wave driving an electron or an orbital type energy movement caused by a rotating energy particle? An energy particle whose centre of mass moves but doesn’t explode?


This model offers a method of energy conversion and compression from space (energy) being eaten and converted to rotation with rolling vibration of longer frequency energy. Distributing energy between shells but with shells set in relative energy orbit type levels so that a type of lightening flares between shells at set energy spacing so the atom can change/adjust to spin energy changes.

Turbulence bands cause secondary versions of the poles in the electromagnetic spectrum to form just between the tropic areas and the physical poles of rotation. Secondary shells orbits will be influenced into different orbits with new physical poles being offset from the inner poles allowing more energy compression.

The concept of a wave guide is to provide a constraint on the wave to assist in propagation and has the effect of filtering waves of outside a range, and in these respects a shear shell acts in the same ways providing reflection and refraction angles.

Within this model concepts like Isospin are explained with multiple spin axes of the nuclei and Halo nuclei as the interaction of the shells with a nuclei having multiple axes but also ties to concepts of ‘the size of a droplet’ and step rates of density change and even ties back in with Planck’s constant concepts.

In the main variation of this model; the hypothesis is that there is only a single complex energy particle that wobbles like a Spiro-graph wheel within a series of shear shells containing discrete levels of spinning energy.
There are other possibilities of ways this model’s energy particles could be made to represent individual conventional theory entities, of protons, neutrons and electrons and fit into the old models, but I suggest that would be equally misleading.

I suggest that these shells on a single atom could be made to give off electron or photon quantities of energy, again and again. Far in excess of say, 26 electrons (in Fe)

I suggest the atom will recharge, not run down, and the shells will regain their original energy level by sucking extra energy from space or shift shell positions to the next stable level. Mass is literally energy in structured movement. Inertia is stopping the movement, along a vector, rotation or axis.

Mass, Inertia, Volume and Energy Concepts

Remember some atomic elements don’t exist naturally, (though they are unbelievably rare). The atomic numbers are more for our convenience and are based on “our” original belief in protons and neutrons. Mass deflection experimental results had elements and their isotopes fall in whole number mass steps. Atomic masses are done with magnetic deflection techniques while the weight of an element is done as a cubic unit on a scale, i.e. a relative attraction to the Earth, inertia, displacement and the use of ‘Standards’.

The bond structures of atoms in materials can greatly affect the density of the material, i.e. mass per cubic volume. There are differences between radii and diameter within concepts of bond structure where D does not equal “2 r” but follow the same curves. Diameters are calculated, radii are measured as covalent and ionic radii in crystalline structures, i.e. how closely the atoms sit to each other.

The data points for all the graphs come from established data sources and diameters are calculated by Quantum formula, (math above my head). Such diameters don’t include bond distances between molecules, just atom size. My understanding is that radii were originally calculated by accurately measuring volume(s) to weight(s) of chemicals and relating the data to atomic mass data from magnetic deflection measurements and measurement scales already in use. (Ref. 1920 Aston’s spectrograph weighs atoms by deflection in magnetic fields).

Couple of issues; If the nuclei has multiple axis of spin then it would be less affected by a strong magnetic field than a more organized rotation axis nuclei, possibly accounting for aspects of isotope mass steps and secondly; If the bonding structure of an element or material is accepted as containing energy as pattern or structure, then that energy must be included as part of a variable mass separate from the atom mass, potentially causing other measurement problems.

Even though these variable mass concepts are mentioned they represent minute quantities of energy relative to the energy stored in the atom nucleus or even relative to the energy stored as pattern within any of the shells. Even the energy released in a strong exothermic reaction, (per atom or mol) represents negligible amounts of energy re what is stored on a single shell per atom.

The Atom (under 20 AMU) goes through a number of distinct diameter steps which don’t support the concept of protons and neutrons or electron shells but does suggest harmonics from a vibration causing standing waves on multiple axes.

(Before we go on, a funny thing happens where the radius of a sphere is 3; a surface area to volume ratio based on radius is reached. A mathematically meaningless point except in relation to harmonics, i.e. @3 =113.0973)

Cir = 2 x π x r
S.A = 4 x π x r2
Vol = 4/3 x π x r3
Diameter conceals concepts of volume, just as mass conceals concepts of energy density within a volume.

In this model mass is directly tied to the concept of inertia, in that, to start something moving or to halt movement, either along a vector or in the form of rotation. On this basis Mass Inertia = Energy, moving as a pattern in a scale. The greater the compression of pattern, the higher the ‘energy density’ and apparent mass. Diameters decrease, as part of this compression process.

Carrying on this concept of mass being an increased energy density as pattern, relative to surrounding space, I have to point out how far away from the conventional models we are getting and why some of the accepted ideas are suspect. I.e. atomic force that effects only pro/neutrons.

Or the problem of hydrogen having only one proton and electron and a mass of 1.008 and dia of 1.58, while helium has four heavy particles and two electrons, a mass of 4.083 and dia of 0.98. It only works out until you factor in the decrease in volume and then the mass changes to silly answers. Putting it another way; How many marbles can you fit in a box if the diameter is 0.98Ǻ versus a dia. of 1.58Ǻ?

With the decrease of volume between H & He, you can get 4.21 times as many He atoms in a box as H atoms, and with each HE atom four times as heavy that’s 17 times the mass. The answer is that the mass and volume are tied to each other within scales in the form of rotational energy density, i.e. frequency, not protons and neutrons; Protons and neutrons are artifacts of accelerator and collider experiments. When these energy particles turned up in experimental results, people proudly announced that they had found what they were looking for.

Guess the reader has got the idea by now. Call it one of humanities little quirks but we crave new ideas while steadfastly refusing to throw out the old ideas that always worked for us before, for thousands of years, part of our culture, strongly believed by many but, these ideas preclude other possible alternatives, of which this model is but one. So, continuing on with the model..

Inverse Sq
putting the pieces together

The principle of the strength of a magnetic field is inversely proportional to the distance from source that it is measured from. This concept works for the blast area of a grenade or force of gravity etc. Or looking at it a different way by combining the idea of;
Force divided by Area = Stress (F / A = ƒ)
All our measurements are some how 'other-force' measured over an area’. I.e. Stress.

And the geometric concept of the surface area of a sphere being squared each time you double the radius, you circle back to this effect known as Inverse square law where the strength of a field is inversely proportional to the distance away from the source that it is measured from. (The component of PI cancels itself out). What I’m pointing to is the ‘Geometric’ relationship of the radius of a sphere to its surface area and that it is stress that’s being measured at X radius.

F = M1 x M2 x G / R2
Now looking at Newton’s equation for gravity we see the same equation in an extended form, written in the late 1600's. F is the Force of gravity and it’s equal to the mass of volume 1 times the mass of volume 2 times a number called a gravitational constant divided by the distance the two masses are apart squared.

The force felt (gravity) re: the distance apart squared. I.e. The stress on space from a source at X or R distance. How strong a force is at any distance is dependent on how strong it started out as and how much surface area that it is felt across. Unless the stronger atomic force is specific to protons and neutrons and ignoring the electrons then its magic, breaking the rules; Protons and Electrons not getting together; more magic.

Concepts of fractal density

Benoit Mandelbrot had developed the theory of fractals from Gaston Julia’s work.
“The Julia Set”, “F (Z) = Z2 + C”
I.e. The concept of continuously feeding the product of an equation back in to the equation and graphing the results.

The name of his first book was ‘Fractals – Form, Chance, and Dimension’. Mandelbrot’s second book; “The Fractal Geometry of Nature” explains how geometry mathematics can be used to describe nature in a way useful for engineers to understand, leading on to huge efficiency improvements in all flow type engineering problems, (it's a brilliant book), not to mention a whole lot of mathematical information compression storage and video rendering techniques developed from the idea. Even the aerial boards on cell phones are engineered fractal patterns.

Benoit Mandelbrot put forward the concept that the complexity of a pattern could be ‘measured’, and represented as a scale, i.e. a ratio to the original pattern, a roughness. He called this “fractal dimension,” and tied depth of a pattern as well as its repeatability, i.e. how many different scales that the pattern repeated it’s self.

The following is footage from an experiment involving the application of vibrations of different frequencies to plates of different shapes and setting up harmonic vibrations that move sand into patterns and structures, (Wavetable).
Limits control the number of repetitions. Like a tree only branches so many times before you reach the top of the tree.

This model takes this concept of ‘fractal dimension’ and directly relates it to the density of the atom relative to surrounding space. Atom diameters go through a repeating pattern of shrinkage that’s related to increase’s in mass.

The concepts of surface area to volume and ‘optimum size droplets’ ties with this fractal dimension concept, of ‘density’ as ‘compressed chaotic pulses’ confined within a very small physical space so that a high chance of wave combination occurs. Also to harmonics and the prime number mass relationship; found in our periodic table.

reply to post by mzungu


Check your first post. You've asked for criticisms/contributions independent of the state of your publication.

This is one. Stop blabbering and get to the point. What is your hypothesis? What testable predictions does your theory make? What experiments do you propose to validate it?

Try to get this into a few sentences, the details can follow afterwards.

Originally posted by moebius
reply to post by mzungu

 

Check your first post. You've asked for criticisms/contributions independent of the state of your publication.

This is one. Stop blabbering and get to the point. What is your hypothesis? What testable predictions does your theory make? What experiments do you propose to validate it?

Try to get this into a few sentences, the details can follow afterwards.

my first post also stated that this is an incomplete work in progress and that it would take me a while to upload the entire thesis.

if you'd read through it so far you would have found that i have made many hypotheses, including a new model of the atom, a new system of variable changes (patterns) which influence the behaviour and creation of matter, new methods by which elements might combine and heretofore unrecognised, (or at least unpublished, to my knowledge), concepts of the very composition of space itself. all backed up by research and experiments carried out by scientists and ideas espoused by philosophers over centuries. dude, i even gave you a new hypothetical 'God-Particle'!

this isn't a solution to all the world's problems, it isn't a model granting "believers" supernatural powers, it isn't yet someting that can be verified in the material world, (outside of the observance of the interactions of the forces of nature and the conflicts that arise in various fields of science trying to explain them).

the point of sharing it is to change that. it's a reconsideration of the way in which we approach matter, and in a broader sense, the universe. before one can draw conclusions about the model the scientific corellations and mechanics of it need to be explained, in easy to understand layman's terms. this takes time and energy. sorry but if the universe could be summed up in a few sentences, we wouldn't be forever chasing our tails down rabbit holes of scientific enquiry.

reply to post by mzungu

Must have overlooked it, can you point me to the passage where you introduce your new model of the atom? Have you considered to introduce/discuss your hypotheses and their implications/predictions separately one at a time?

Btw a lot theories in physics are quite compact. Think of newtonian dynamics, electrodynamics, hell even quantum mechanics(despite being hard to grasp/work with).

reply to post by galactix

I don't think that you can say that phonons cause energy fluctuations. Phonon energy follows a distribution explains thermal fluctuations/noise akin to thermal noise in conductors. The fluctuations are there whether you ignore phonons or not.

Heat is not energy in motion but the energy transfered from one system to another. It is a quantity. Heat transfer and heat capacity are separate terms.

As you say yourself you can cause a heat flow -> transfer heat.

The transfer happens by thermal interactions usually microscopic interactions of the system particles but also thermal radiation.