reply to post by XPLodER
The 14th Amendment is not necessary in order to rely upon the natural right to sleep outdoors. However, states across the nation have - and all too
often in spite of the state Constitutions that grant them a limited amount of governing authority for a limited time - taken it upon themselves to
insist that there is no fundamental right to sleep outdoors. Consider, as just one example,
Jones v. City of Orlando:
Homeless persons are not a suspect class, nor is sleeping out-of-doors a fundamental right. See D'Aguanno v. Gallagher, 50 F.3d 877, 879 n. 2
(11th Cir.1995) (homeless not a suspect class); Kreimer v. Bureau of Police for the Town of Morristown, 958 F.2d 1242, 1269 n. 36 (3rd Cir.1992)
(same); Davison v. City of Tucson, 924 F.Supp. 989, 993 (D.Ariz.1996) (same); Johnson v. City of Dallas, 860 F.Supp. 344, 355 (N.D.Tex.1994) (same),
rev'd on other grounds, 61 F.3d 442 (5th Cir.1995); Joyce v. City and County of San Francisco, 846 F.Supp. 843, 859 (N.D.Ca.1994) (declining to be
the first court to recognize fundamental right to sleep), dismissed, 87 F.3d 1320 (9th Cir.1996); State of Hawaii v. Sturch, 82 Hawai'i 269, 921 P.2d
1170, 1176 (App.1996) (noting that there is "no authority supporting a specific constitutional right to sleep in a public place" unless it is
expressive conduct within the ambit of the First Amendment or is protected by other fundamental rights). But see Pottinger v. City of Miami, 810
F.Supp. 1551, 1578 (S.D.Fla.1992) (indicating in dicta that homeless might constitute a suspect class), remanded for limited purposes, 40 F.3d 1155
(11th Cir.1994), and directed to undertake settlement discussions, 76 F.3d 1154 (1996). Consequently, rational basis review is appropriate.
This ruling, however, is factually incorrect, legally unsound and untenable, and unlawful. It matters not that this ruling has been rendered by the
11th Circuit Court of Appeals. Their status notwithstanding, the 11th Circuit had no lawful authority to declare that there is no fundamental right
to sleep outdoors.
The 11th Circuit Court derives its authority from the federal Constitution. It cannot just willy nilly ignore the Constitutional restraints placed
upon them and declare themselves the arbiter of what is a right and what is not. The Ninth Amendment expressly forbids them from doing so.
Further, in their legal reasoning, they cite as support for their contention there is no fundamental right to sleep outdoors; a lower court ruling
from the state of Hawaii that argues that because the Hawaii State Constitution does not cite sleeping outdoors as a protected right, there is no
"authority supporting a specific constitutional right to sleep in a public place", is an egregious error made by the 11th Circuit, as they are
certainly not bound by lower court decisions, they should have known that the
Hawaii State
Constitution echoes the
Ninth Amendment.
Section 22. The enumeration of rights and privileges shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people.
~Hawaii State Constitution: Article I; The Bill of Rights~
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
~The Ninth Amendment~
This is not to say that the federal government has been restrained from crafting "illegal camping" statutes and ordinances, and if the can craft
them as being harmonious with their constitutional restraints then these ordinances and statutes are lawful. Health concerns and other environmental
factors are compelling arguments government can make to justify such legislation, but in order for a person to actually fall within the purview of
such an ordinance or statute, they would have to be "illegally camping".
I think what you often have is states and municipalities who've crafted ordinances and statutes of "illegal camping" that can withstand
constitutional muster, but that often what happens is that law enforcement branches begin misapplying these statutes, or ordinances.
None of these facts, of course address the question of whether there are people within the "OWS" movement that are indeed "illegally camping". If
the waste caused by human habitation is left uncared for by those inhabiting the parks and other public places then those causing this waste with no
regard for the consequences of not properly disposing of the waste are acting in ways the arguably cause injury to others, and the state, or
municipality does indeed have compelling arguments that such inhabitants are acting criminally.