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British Torpedoes Enter Service
In the autumn of 1869 Royal Navy representatives visited Fiume and reported favourably on the weapons being tested. As a result Whitehead was invited to England to demonstrate the ability of his weapons. He brought two types of torpedo with him, a 16 in. by 14 ft. carrying 67 lbs. of wet gun-cotton and a second weapon of 14 in. diameter and a little under 14 ft. in length. This latter weapon carried a warhead of dynamite weighing 18 lbs. Table 5 summarises the main characteristics of these and later weapons.
The weapons were fired either from the surface or from a submerged tube built by Whitehead into Oberon. Over 100 firings were made during September and October of 1870, the average weapon performance being seven knots to a range of 600 yards.
As a grand finale a wooden coal hulk was moored off Cockleshell Hard and surrounded with protective nets. A 16 in. weapon with its warhead charged by Professor F. A. Abel was fired from a range of 134 yards. The weapon, determined to demonstrate its potency, went around the net and blew a hole measuring 20 ft. by 10 ft. in the old corvette and it sank at once. Faced with such conclusive evidence of the weapon's capability the Royal Navy ordered a batch of Whitehead torpedoes which were received in 1870.
It was most appropriate therefore that one century later a new torpedo trials ship should have been launched with the name E.T.V. Whitehead.
Two types of weapon were received from Whitehead's works at Fiume; these being 14 in. and 16 in. diameter. In 1871 the Admiralty bought the manufacturing rights for £15,000 and production was started at the Royal Laboratories, Woolwich the following year. This sum of money seems very small for such an important weapon especially when only a decade later a certain Mr. Brennan was paid nearly 10 times as much for the rights of an inferior type of torpedo.
The example of the Royal Navy was quickly followed by the French, Germans and Chinese and soon Whitehead was exporting his torpedoes around the world. Several countries started building their own pirated copies of the Whitehead but these were notably unsuccessful. The stringent specifications laid down by foreign navies caused Whitehead to give consideration to the improvement of performance. He appears to have regarded the weapon as primarily for use in harbours against moored ships. Under these circumstances a speed of only seven knots is acceptable and the main areas for improvements lie with the accuracy of steering and the reliable operation of the impact fuse. However, the Germans specified a weapon performance of 16 knots to 550 yards. Whitehead carried out various improvements including the replacement of the twin cylinder Vee engine by a three-cylinder engine built by Peter Brother-hood, Ltd., of Peterborough. Thus by 1875 a 14 in. weapon was produced having a performance of 18 knots to a range of 550 yards.
In 1872 Whitehead bought the firm and re-named it Silurifico Whitehead. A remarkable feature of this story is the instant success of the novel weapon. The very first experimental torpedo worked well and was being mass produced for export within four years. An envious record for any new product!
With the introduction of the new engine and contrarotating propellers (this latter by a foreman mechanic at Woolwich) no significant improvements were then made until the introduction of the gyroscope for azimuthal steering in 1895. Fig. 5 shows the transitional form of the weapon in about 1875. The extended fins thereafter were not needed because of the lack of roll forces. Fig. 5 shows typical Fiume built torpedoes of the 1880s period with their pointed noses and small control fins with the control surfaces placed aft of the propellers. This latter feature distinguished Fiume weapons from the Woolwich types (Fig. 6) which carried the surfaces ahead of the screws. The latter practice persists (unfortunately) to the present time.
The Germans, in addition to ordering Whitehead torpedoes in 1873, began building their own on the Whitehead principle. The firm of L. Schwartzkopf-later the Berliner Maschinenbau A.G.-began making excellent torpedoes in phosphor-bronze. The firm was soon exporting weapons to Russia, Japan and Spain. In 1885 Britain ordered 50 of these weapons because the output at home and at Fiume could not satisfy the demand. These weapons cost £450 each which was £120 more than the corresponding Fiume type (the 14 in. Mk. II).
Originally posted by blocula
reply to post by Zaphod58
The passenger liner Titanic,with a length of 882 feet,sank on April-14th 1912 with 1,503 lives lost...
The passenger liner Lusitania,which entered service in 1907 and had a length of 787 feet,was sunk by a single torpedo launched from a German U-boat on May 7th 1915 with 1,198 lives lost...
Hmmmm? anyone else noticing any extraordinary similarities between those two tragic events?edit on 17-6-2012 by blocula because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by blocula
reply to post by xuenchen
We here and now are not as technologically advanced as we like to think we are and thanx for adding a lot of vital credence to this threads theory...
edit on 17-6-2012 by blocula because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by blocula
reply to post by GrandHeretic
A dire warning for everyone and it just goes to show us how ruthless and heartless tptb actually are and how meaningless the mainstream public is to them,that in order to keep the wheels of their perpetual war machine turning,they would still try sending large amounts of ammunition to britain onboard the passenger liner lusitania,filled with multitudes of innocent people,even though the germans openly warned that they would attack and try to sink any ship that did so and instead of being angry at germany for doing so,the american people should have screamed for vengeance against president wilson and his war mongering military high command,for knowingly allowing an invitation for disaster...evil bastards...
edit on 23-6-2012 by blocula because: (no reason given)
By the way, why would the American people have blamed Wilson for the Lusitania? It was, after all, the Germans who sank a passenger liner.
Originally posted by DenyObfuscation
reply to post by AngryCymraeg
By the way, why would the American people have blamed Wilson for the Lusitania? It was, after all, the Germans who sank a passenger liner.
That's just what we've been force fed. Apparently all we know for sure is that the Germans didn't do it because we're told they did. Wilson ordered the Lusitania hit to get the U.S. into the war and blamed the Germans. There you go bloc, you're next thread.
Originally posted by blocula
reply to post by AngryCymraeg
Hmmmm? were the vast majority of those doomed passengers allowed onboard the lusitania told anything at all about the ammunition and war arms that were intentionally stored within the ship?
I seriously doubt it and thats why the american and british public should have been enraged at their own war mongering leaders and not misdirected their anger at germany for sinking that ship, something the germans openly warned they would do and did...edit on 28-6-2012 by blocula because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by blocula
reply to post by Zaphod58
Was it legal to carry war arms within a public passenger ship? and not inform those paying passengers about it? and was it morally correct for america and britain to incite a disaster at sea,killing well over a thousand people,in order to gain massive public support for americas entry into another war?
edit on 28-6-2012 by blocula because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by BASSPLYR
sorry guys but the titanic was indeed sunk due to and iceberg skittering along the starboard hull and punching in the hull plates so the rivets popped out opening a gash that was no wider than a few inches in most places although a few hundred feet long.
The explosions heard were the boilers (super hot) coming in contact with very frigid water. Metal tends to explode when cooled too suddenly.
The rivets popped out allowing the hull to buckle in at the hull plates where the iceberg scraped alongside because the metal was later found to be not the highest quality.
They've been down there. they have seen the hole in the side of the ship. the evidence is conclusive. an iceberg sank the titanic. Not a torpedo or any other form of explosion.