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Human activity, not nature, was the likely cause of the gaping sinkhole that opened up in the streets of Guatemala City on Sunday, a geologist says.
A burst sewer pipe or storm drain probably hollowed out the underground cavity that allowed the chasm to form, according to Sam Bonis, a geologist at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, who is currently living in Guatemala City (map).
But the cavity formed in the first place because the city—and its underground infrastructure—were built in a region where the first few hundred meters of ground are mostly made up of a material called pumice fill, deposited during past volcanic eruptions.
"Lots of times, volcanic pumice originates as a flow [of loose, gravel-like particles], and because of the heat and the weight, it becomes welded into solid rock," Bonis said.
"In Guatemala City [the pumice is] unconsolidated, it's loose," he said. "It hasn't been hardened into a rock yet, so it's easily eroded, especially by swift running water."
In urban settings in particular, sinkholes may owe their development to human activity as much as anything else. In some cases, sinkholes appear because of the combination of industrial activity or development, soft limestone bedrock and less than 200 feet (61 meters) of overburden [source: Southwest Florida Water Management District]. The following human actions can also cause sinkholes:
Drilling and vibrations
Mining
Changes in weight
Lots of foot or vehicle traffic
Heavy increase in water flow, formation of a pond or body of water, or broken pipes, among other things
Sinkholes may also form in places where water flows regularly, such as a storm drain, or when water sources are diverted or cut off, especially by pumping out groundwater. A broken pipe can contribute to sinkhole development by flooding and weakening the soil, but it can also provide an outlet for the dirt and rock that's supposed to surround pipes. After enough material falls into pipes and is transported away, the surrounding earth becomes destabilized, contributing to sinkhole formation, sewage or water spills, or other disasters.
Natural Sinkhole Formation
The main causes of sinkholes are weathering and erosion. This happens through the gradual dissolve and removal of water absorbing rock like limestone as percolating water from the Earth's surface moves through it. As the rock is removed, caves and open spaces develop underground. Once these open spaces become too large to support the weight of the land above them, the surface soil collapses, creating a sinkhole.
A sinkhole (images) is a natural hole that forms in the Earth's surface as a result of the chemical weathering of carbonate rocks like limestone, as well as salt beds or rocks that can be severely weathered as water runs through them. The type of landscape made up of these rocks is known as karst topography and is dominated by sinkholes, internal drainage and caves.
Originally posted by Signals
Very freaky.
Is it just me or do they seem to appear more often underneath or close to concrete/asphalt?
Sinkholes also form from human activity, such as the rare but still occasional collapse of abandoned mines in places like West Virginia, USA.
More commonly, sinkholes occur in urban areas due to water main breaks or sewer collapses when old pipes give way. They can also occur from the overpumping and extraction of groundwater and subsurface fluids.
A special type of sinkhole – formed by rainwater leaking through the pavement and carrying dirt into a ruptured sewer pipe.
Sinkholes are a natural and common geologic feature in areas underlain rock types that are soluble in natural water. In Florida, the most common of these soluble rock types are limestone and dolomite. The term sinkhole is used for closed depressions in the land surface that are formed by surficial solution or by subsidence or collapse of surficial materials owing to the solution of near-surface limestone or other soluble rocks.
Dozens of people were evacuated after flash flooding swept through the Illawarra, in New South Wales cutting major roads, crippling public transport and claiming the life of a man who was washed into a stormwater drain.
In Gosford, a giant sinkhole tore open a suburban street after heavy rain infiltrated a sewer main, causing it to fail.The hole first opened up on Sunday afternoon, gradually widening to become an 8m-wide, 6m-deep chasm by yesterday afternoon. SES controller Rolf Garda said it “was the most amazing thing I have seen”.
Originally posted by rstregooski
reply to post by AshleyD
I've increasingly noticed a lot of these as well..
Can't say this is directly related, but remember the Michigan crack that happened a little while back, that is supposedly widening?
Originally posted by YoungMind92
reply to post by ronishia
Expression said it all for me.edit on 12/6/2011 by YoungMind92 because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by Signals
Very freaky.
Is it just me or do they seem to appear more often underneath or close to concrete/asphalt?
A sinkhole opened in downtown Leesburg early Monday morning, bursting a water line and swallowing a portion of a commercial building and roadway, city officials said.
The sinkhole is estimated at 60 feet wide and 15 feet deep, but with added rainfall that size could change.
The sink hole first opened around 1 a.m. Monday along South East Street near East Main Street, just north of Lake Harris. The hole, a portion of which is filled with water, has also crumbled a portion of Crosby Street, which is located in the rear of the building.