The New York Times shocked the world on Sunday, June 13, 1971, with the publication of the first elements of the Pentagon Papers. The first document
the Times selected to print was a trip report on the situation in Saigon, credited to the Secretary of Defense, Robert S. McNamara, and dated December
21, 1963. This was the first such report on the situation in Indochina to be submitted to President Lyndon B. Johnson. It came less than thirty days
after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and less than sixty days after the assassinations of President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam and
his brother and counselor Ngo Dinh Nhu.
Whether from some inner wisdom or real prescience or merely simple random selection, the Times chose to publish first from among the three
thousand pages of analysis and four thousand pages of official documents that had come into its hands that report which may stand out in history as
one of the key documents affecting national policy in the past quarter-century -- not so much for what it said as for what it signified. This report
is a prime example of how the Secret Team, which has gained so much control over the vital foreign and political activities of this government,
functions.
Most observers might have expected that the inner group of men who had worked so closely with President Kennedy for three years would have
lost heart in those days following his tragic death. On the contrary, they burst forth, as though from strong bonds and fetters and created this
entirely new report, thus shaping the future of the Indochina conflict. Their energy and their new sense of direction seemed almost to rise from the
flame of Kennedy's tomb in Arlington.
During those hectic months of late summer in 1963 when the Kennedy Administration appeared to be frustrated and disenchanted with the
ten-year regime of Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon, it approved the plans for the military coup d'état that would overthrow President Diem and get rid of his
brother Nhu. The Kennedy Administration gave its support to a cabal of Vietnamese generals who were determined to remove the Ngos from power. Having
gone so far as to withdraw its support of the Diem government and to all but openly support the coup, the Administration became impatient with delays
and uncertainties from the generals in Saigon, and by late September dispatched General Maxwell D. Taylor, then Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff
(JCS), and Secretary of Defense McNamara to Saigon.
Upon their return, following a brief trip, they submitted a report to President Kennedy, which in proper chronology was the one immediately
preceding the remarkable one of December 21, 1963. This earlier report said, among other things "There is no solid evidence of the possibility of a
successful coup, although assassination of Diem and Nhu is always a possibility." The latter part of this sentence contained the substantive
information. A coup d'état, or assassination is never certain from the point of view of the planners; but whenever United States support of the
government in power is withdrawn and a possible coup d'état or assassination is not adamantly opposed, it will happen. Only three days after this
report, on October 5, 1963, the White House cabled Ambassador Lodge in Saigon: "There should be... urgent covert effort . . . to identify and build
contact with possible alternate leadership." Knowledge of a statement such as this one made by the ostensible defenders and supporters of the Diem
regime was all those coup planners needed to know. In less than one month Diem was dead, along with his brother.
Thus, what was considered to be a first prerequisite for a more favorable climate in Vietnam was fulfilled. With the Ngo family out of the
way, President Kennedy felt that he had the option to bring the war to a close on his own terms or to continue pressure with covert activities such as
had been under way for many years. Because the real authors were well aware of his desires, there was another most important statement in the
McNamara-Taylor report of October 2, 1963: "It should be possible to withdraw the bulk of U.S. personnel by that time...." [the end of 1965] This
statement came at a key point in time.
Like the others, it was written by Secret Team insiders who knew the President's mind and how far they could go in setting forth ideas
which he would accept and yet be acceptable to their own plans. Reports such as the October 2, 1963, document were not written in Saigon and they were
not written by the men whose names appeared on them.
This pivotal report was written in Washington by members of the ST. Although it contained a lot of updated material from Saigon (some of
which had been transmitted to Saigon verbatim for the express purpose of having to then re-transmitted back to Washington for inclusion in the report
-- with the all-important Saigon dateline), one may be certain that this report contained a skillful mixture of what the President wanted to hear and
what its authors in Washington wanted the President to read. Therefore, when it included the blunt and unequivocal statement that "it should be
possible to withdraw the bulk of U.S. personnel by that time", the authors, cover and undercover, were in tune with the times. They knew the
President was favorably considering means to extricate the United States from Vietnam.
The ST had had its day with Kennedy on the beaches of the Cuban Bay of Pigs. Kennedy had minutely reviewed that debacle, and from that time
on he was ever alert for the slightest sign of any undercover operation that might expand and get so out of hand as to involve this country in any
more such disasters. The Team had come a long way since that dismal period in April 1961, and had learned well how to use and thrive with Jack
Kennedy, in spite of his caution. One way to do this was to be certain to spell things correctly -- meaning hewing close to his line while retaining
ST initiative. It is a safe bet to say that this forecast of personnel withdrawal by the end of 1965 was the maneuvering time they wanted and what
Kennedy would accept, in their language, so that he too would have time to get re-elected and then carry out his own decisions as he had related them
to Senator Mansfield. It appears that Kennedy felt that with the obstacle of the Diem regime out of the way, he would have the opportunity to
disengage this nation from the war that he had so far been able to keep from becoming a runaway overt action. Up to the end of 1963, all U.S. Army
troops in South Vietnam, with the exception of a small number in the Military Advisory and Assistance Group (MAAG) and a few other such positions,
were there under the operational control of the CIA. This was flimsy cover and it was a poor device to maintain that the United States was not overtly
involved in military activity in Indochina; but the device did achieve its purpose of keeping the level of the war to a minimum.
Mr. M
[edit on 7-7-2004 by StarChild]

