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The main salt-forming agent is supercritical water. When water becomes supercritical at temperatures above 380oC, combined with pressures above 230 bars, it turns into a non-polar fluid. This H2O-phase can no longer dissolve salts! The consequence is that whenever seawater enters into a hydrothermal system and is forced to flow down (by ’forced convection’) into the bowels of the crust, it becomes supercritical and has to drop its load of salt. When this water rises up again from depth, it condenses to fresh-water, leaving masses of solid salt particles behind.
Some of the kilometre high salt domes and walls residing underground, known from sedimentary basins all over the world, act as conduits for hydrothermal fluids. Thus, they work in much the same way as mud volcanoes and can have violent outbursts, such as from the ‘Sedom’ salt dome, in Israel, which erupted fire, solids, and fluids in biblical times. “If you look back, you will turn into a pillar of salt…” – Lot’s wife did, and she now resides on ‘Mt Sedom’, as a pillar of anhydrite, CaSO4, one of the main salts on earth….
A new theory for salt formation is being developed by a research group in Statoil. The group is lead by Martin Hovland. The new theory is now being published as the “Hydrothermal salt theory”. It says that the large salt deposits on earth have formed as a consequence of salt forming in high heat and high pressure (HTHP) zones, sub-surface (see conceptual figure).
www.martinhovland.com...
Heinrich, P. V., 2005a, Distribution and Origin of Fault-Line
Scarps of Southwest Louisiana. USA Gulf Coast Association of
Geological Societies Transactions. vol. 55, p. 284-293.
Compilation of fault-line scarps and traces from existing geologic mapping and revision of the resulting compilation using remote sensing data and various aerial images revealed a complex pattern of Quaternary fault-line scarps within southwest Louisiana. Numerous, generally eastwest trending, fault-line scarps form a 24 km wide east-west trending belt lying south of a line between Ville Platte, Louisiana and Kirbyville, Texas. The southern edge of it is marked by a relatively continuous set of fault-line scarps associated with the Tepetate fault zone. Numerous faultline scarps occur between the Tepetate fault zone and the shoreline of the Gulf of Mexico. However, these fault-line scarps lack any regional pattern, and many are associated with local salt domes and growth faults. The northernmost fault-line scarps found within southwest Louisiana consist of a narrow belt of prominent east-west trending scarps within southern Rapides Parish. Many of these Quaternary fault-line scarps are the surface expressions of known Tertiary growth faults, a number of which are associated with roll-over structures containing oil and gas fields. Such oil and gas fields were formed as the result of reactivation of the faults during the Pleistocene. The reactivation of these faults and the associated formation of these scarps represent the results of the loading of the Gulf of Mexico margin starting in Late Pliocene time. This loading has had the effect of reactivating regional fault trends such as the Tepetate fault zone and causing the renewed flowage of deep-seated salt.
members.cox.net...
WOW! - a strong earthquake in the Gulf of Mexico! That is rather rare!
6.0 (Strong) -
earthquake.usgs.gov...
Sunday, September 10, 2006 at 14:56:07 (UTC) = Coordinated Universal Time
Sunday, September 10, 2006 at 8:56:07 AM = local time at epicenter
Location: 26.327°N, 86.571°W
Depth: 10 km (6.2 miles) - shallow enough to cause concern for tsunamis if the earthquake magnitude was in the 7+ range.
Distances:
403 km (250 miles) WSW (251°) from Anna Maria, FL
404 km (251 miles) WSW (252°) from Holmes Beach, FL
404 km (251 miles) WSW (253°) from Bradenton Beach, FL
419 km (260 miles) WSW (245°) from Clearwater, FL
530 km (330 miles) SE (139°) from New Orleans, LA
www.physicsforums.com...
Then on Sep 10, 2006, a rare quake in the Gulf of Mexico, on a fault line the USGS was unaware existed.
Gulf Quake Felt From La. to Fla.
Sep 10, 2006
apnews.myway.com... 6.0
The largest earthquake to strike the eastern Gulf of Mexico in the last 30 years sent shock waves from Louisiana to southwest Florida Sunday, but did little more than rattle residents. The magnitude 6.0 earthquake, centered about 260 miles southwest of Tampa, was too small to trigger a tsunami or dangerous waves. The USGS received more than 2,800 reports from people who felt the 10:56 a.m. quake. Scientists said it was the largest and most widely felt of more than a dozen earthquakes recorded in the region in three decades. The most prevalent vibration, which lasted for about 20 seconds, was felt on the gulf coast of Florida and in southern Georgia. But residents in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana also called in reports. The epicenter is an unusual location for earthquake activity, but scientists recorded a magnitude 5.2 temblor in the same location on Feb. 10. The temblor was unusual because it was not centered on a known fault line.
www.zetatalk.com...
But whether one locates Sodom and Gomorrah south or north of the Dead Sea, there is plenty of reason to suspect that the Biblical tradition surrounding the doomed cities of the plain was more than just fanciful legend. As suggested by Amos Frumkin in his May/June 2009 BAR article on the salt pillar known as Lot’s Wife, the Sodom story told in the Bible likely represents an ancient memory of a single catastrophic event that affected the cities and peoples of the Dead Sea region nearly 4,000 years ago.
But the explanation that provides the most likely historical and geological context for the legendary destruction is a massive earthquake. The Dead Sea, part of the enormous geological fault line known as the Great Rift Valley, has been the epicenter of powerful earthquakes for countless millennia. Indeed, geologist Amos Frumkin believes that an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter Scale gave rise to both the Sodom and Gomorrah tradition as well as the story surrounding the Mt. Sedom salt pillar (known as Lot’s Wife) some 4,000 years ago. Other scholars have proposed that the earthquake caused the narrow isthmus between the northern and southern Dead Sea basins to give way, which in turn flooded the southern “Valley of Siddim” and inundated the wicked cities and all their inhabitants.
Matching the earthquake theory to the Biblical conflagration, however, has required additional explanation. Most have proposed that the earthquake caused the natural sulfur and bitumen deposits of the Dead Sea area to erupt to the surface, thereby releasing large quantities of natural gas into the air. When exposed to fire—perhaps created by a lightning strike from above—the gas could have ignited and turned the entire plain into a huge furnace, consuming everything and everyone that could not escape.
www.bib-arch.org...
Gas hydrate is a crystalline solid consisting of gas molecules, usually methane, each surrounded by a cage of water molecules. It looks very much like water ice. Methane hydrate is stable in ocean floor sediments at water depths greater than 300 meters, and where it occurs, it is known to cement loose sediments in a surface layer several hundred meters thick.
marine.usgs.gov...
Icy crystals foil attempt to cap oil leak
...gushing toxic crude into the Gulf of Mexico was aborted Saturday after ice crystals encased it, an ominous development as thick blobs of tar began washing up on Alabama's white sand beaches.
It had taken about two weeks to build the box and three days to cart it 50 miles out then slowly lower it to the well a mile below the surface, but the frozen depths were too much for it to handle.
www.msnbc.msn.com...
That process presents several challenges because of the frigid water temperature -- about 42 degrees Fahrenheit -- and exceptionally high pressure at those depths. Those conditions could cause the pipe to clog with what are known in the drilling industry as "ice plugs."
news.discovery.com...
They are also worried about volatile cocktail of oil, gas and water when it arrives on the ship above. Engineers believe the liquids can be safely separated without an explosion.
news.discovery.com...
U.S. government researchers have figured out one such source hidden deep underground, which can possibly be used to generate vast amounts of energy. Known as gas hydrates or “ice that burns,” the material could be mined just like gas and the reserves are enough to heat 100 million homes for a decade. Though not a complexly renewable resource, the gas hydrates can give researchers enough time to realize systems that can provide cheap and green energy for all.
The gas hydrates are also cleaner than fossil fuels and leave a comparatively smaller carbon footprint. They are formed when a methane gas from decomposing organic material comes in contact with water at a low temperature and high pressure.
www.ecofriend.org...
Video taken by ROPOS at the edge of Brimstone Pit near the summit of NW Rota 1 volcano, showing a burst of ash, sulfur, and small rocks from the crater. This type of activity has probably never before been witnessed on a submarine volcano. Video courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2004 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.
oceanexplorer.noaa.gov...
Originally posted by DeltaCommando5
Wow, u got the events of Lot so wrong..... read it again, then come back and read what you wrote :\
Originally posted by pmbhuntress
I have a bad feeling we will find out there is a fault close by, this may have been planned one never knows. Truthfully, I wouldn't put it past them to plan something like this.
I am just shocked that the volcanic rocks are washing up on shore around the gulf and the media isn't all over it, but then again they seem to quiet everything up lately. this may be one reason why we have been seeing more quake activity lately in strange places.
I think something is waking up? Or something is really getting ready to happen. But all of this would explain Lots wife.
1. Are there large amounts of gas hydrate in the sea floor sediments on the continental rise off the southeastern United States (western part of "Bermuda Triangle")?
Yes, I think that our interpretations and mapping show that.
2. Did sea floor sedimentary deposits collapse because of hydrate processes and cause landslides and release of gas by eruptions?
Probably, yes.
3. Could gas release cause a ship to sink?
Absolutely. If you release enough gas you generate a foam having such low density that a ship would not be able to displace enough to float.
woodshole.er.usgs.gov...
Originally posted by Alethea
pmbhuntress,
There IS a fault close by! One source claims the fault line was unkown until 2006. But I find it odd that no one is discussing the proximity of the fault line to the drilling operation.
Circumstantial evidence of the methane gas under such great pressure as to actually lift the rig from off the sea floor when it exploded and for the oil still billowing out like underwater black smoke from a volcano would seem to indicate that a lot of energy is being released. According to those descriptions, this is not a "spill" or a "leak". It certainly sounds more like an eruption.
I certainly wonder if this fault line in the gulf is tied into the New Madris fault. And what happens when there is no more WD-40 under those plates? Would it stabilize the earth? Would continents eventually float as seawater replaces the underground oil?
What happens when a high pressure oil vein has finally released all its pressure? And how deep is this one? How long before it will spend itself? Sure wish we had answers so we could know what to expect as far as the earth changes this will cause in the future.